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Chaudhary Sarwan Kumar Himachal Pradesh Agriculture University, Palampur
Himachal Pradesh Krishi Vishvavidyalaya (renamed as Chaudhary Sarwan Kumar Himachal Pradesh Krishi Vishvavidyalaya in June, 2001) was established on 1st November, 1978.The College of Agriculture (established in May, 1966) formed the nucleus of the new farm University. It is ICAR accredited and ISO 9001:2015 certified institution. The Indian Council of Agricultural Research has ranked this University at eleventh place among all farm universities of the country.
The University has been given the mandate for making provision for imparting education in agriculture and other allied branches of learning, furthering the advancement of learning and prosecution of research and undertaking extension of such sciences, especially to the rural people of Himachal Pradesh.
Over the years, this University has contributed significantly in transforming the farm scenario of Himachal Pradesh. It has developed human resources, varieties and technologies and transferred these to farming community enabling the State to receive the “Krishikarman award” of Govt. of India four times in row for food grain production among small states of the country. Today, the State has earned its name for hill agricultural diversification and the farming community has imposed its faith in the University.
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ThesisItem Open Access EPIDEMIOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT OF FUSARIUM HEAD BLIGHT OF WHEAT(palampur, 2022-06-30) KAUR, GURPREET; Rana, S. K.The investigation entitled “Epidemiology and management of Fusarium head blight of wheat” was conducted at the Department of Plant Pathology, CSK HPKV, Palampur and Research farm of Rice and Wheat Research Centre (RWRC), Malan during 2019-21. The average disease incidence and severity of FHB at different locations of Himachal Pradesh varied from 3.25 to 7.74 and 15.08 to 25.29 per cent during 2019-20 and 2020-21, respectively. Three Fusarium species viz., Fusarium graminearum, F. compactum and F. avenaceum were found associated with the disease but F. graminearum was more prevalent in all the surveyed locations of Himachal Pradesh. The temperature of 25°C and pH of 5.0 were found to be optimum for mycelial growth, sporulation and perithecia formation of the fungus. The seed and crop residue of maize, wheat and rice served as the primary source of inoculum for the disease development. All the weather parameters viz., temperature, relative humidity and rainfall contributed for the disease development as all of them individually and collectively showed positive correlations with disease severity. Out of 200 tested genotypes of wheat, 13 were found free from disease, 26 as resistant and 54 as moderately resistant to FHB under artificial inoculations. Under in vitro conditions, beejamrit, extracts of Acorus calamus (aqueous and alcoholic), Trichoderma harzianum (TH-5) and carbendazim 50 WP gave highest inhibition of F. graminearum. In a pot experiment, seed treatment and two foliar sprays of carbendazim 50 WP gave maximum reduction (71.85 & 77.16%) in disease incidence and severity, respectively. However, among non-chemical management components beejamrit, aqueous extract of Acorus calamus and Trichoderma harzianum (TH-5) gave maximum reduction in disease incidence and severity. An integrated treatment viz., seed treatment with carbendazim 50 WP (0.2 %) followed by three foliar sprays each of jeevamrit (1 %), aqueous extract of Acorus calamus (1 %) and carbendazim 50 WP (0.1 %) at 10 days interval was found to be most effective giving 57.26 and 61.56 per cent reduction in disease incidence and severity, respectively.ThesisItem Open Access Epidemiology and management of flag smut (Urocystis agropyri (Preuss) Schroet) of wheat(palampur, 2022-05-02) Bhargava, Priya; Rana, S. K.The investigation entitled “Epidemiology and management of flag smut (Urocystis agropyri (Preuss) Schroet.) of wheat” was conducted at the Department of Plant Pathology, CSK HPKV, Palampur and Research Sub Station, Akrot during 2018-21. The average disease incidence at different locations of Himachal Pradesh varied from 2.11 to 17.77 per cent during two consecutive years. Based on molecular characterization, the pathogen was confirmed to be Urocystis agropyri. The maximum spore germination (18.92 %) was recorded after 8 months of inoculum burial in soil while, no germination occurred till 4 months of storage due to the spore dormancy. Inoculation of germinating seed with dry inoculum @ 10 g inoculum/ kg seed proved to be the best method to incite disease with highest incidence of 58.18 per cent. Inoculum load of 20 g inoculum/ kg seed adversely affected the seed health parameters like germination percentage and vigour index of seed as well as growth rate and dry weight of the seedlings with 13.70, 52.96, 54.41 and 6.73 per cent reduction, respectively. However, the maximum reduction in speed of seedling germination/ emergence (15.01 %) was found at 17.5 g inoculum/ kg seed. The maximum incidence of disease (44.87 and 40.64 %) was recorded at soil moisture and temperature of 30 % and 22℃, respectively. Among the weather parameters, the maximum and minimum temperatures were the most important factors for disease development as an increase in the temperature from 11.78 - 22.75℃ at Palampur and 09.20 - 26.13℃ at Akrot increased the disease incidence during both the years. The disease incidence was found to be maximum (13.28 and 16.47%) in 15th November sown crop at Palampur during both the years. While, at Akrot, it was maximum in 15th November sown crop (25.50 %) during 2019-20 and in 30th November sown crop (37.49 %) during 2020-21. Out of 210 wheat germplasm lines/ genotypes, 71 were found immune, 45 as highly resistant and 34 as moderately resistant. The late sowing of wheat was found to be the best with minimum disease incidence of 10.79 per cent followed by early sowing (21.47 %). The sowing depth of 2 cm showed minimum disease incidence of 12.98 per cent. Among the tested organic amendments, Jeevamrit @ 10 ml/ kg soil gave the maximum reduction (82.94 %) in the incidence of flag smut. While, amongst biocontrol agents as seed and soil treatments, resident Trichoderma viride @ 10 g or ml/ kg seed or soil was found to be most effective against the disease with maximum reduction of 47.50 and 34.02 per cent, respectively. From botanicals, the seed treatment with aqueous extracts of Eucalyptus tereticornis @ 15 % concentration was found to be the best with maximum disease control of 79.44, 71.85, 80.30 and 77.55 per cent under two approaches of pathogen inoculation in pot and field experiments, respectively. Among fungicides, tebuconazole 060 FS at 1, 2 and 3 ml/ kg seed, carboxin 37.5% + thiram 37.5% DS, carbendazim 50 WP and carboxin 75 WP at 3 g/ kg seed were found most effective giving complete control of the disease under both the approaches of pathogen inoculation in pot and field experiments. The integration of tebuconazole 060 FS @ 1 ml/ kg seed with Jeevamrit @ 10 ml/ kg soil (as soil treatment); E. tereticornis @ 15 % concentration (as seed treatment); and soil treatment with Jeevamrit and seed treatment with E. tereticornis gave complete control of the disease. On the basis of morphological and molecular characterizations, 17 isolates of U. agropyri were grouped into four groups each i.e. FSG 1 to FSG 4 and FSV1 to FSV4, respectively. The group FSV 1 and FSV 2 were further subgrouped into six subgroups i.e. FSV 1a, FSV 1b, FSV 2a, FSV 2b, FSV 2c and FSV 2dThesisItem Open Access Epidemiology and management of Stemphylium blight of onion(palampur, 2022-04-29) Thakur, Ashima; Banyal, . D.K.The present investigation entitled “Epidemiology and management of Stemphylium blight of onion” was conducted in the Department of Plant Pathology, CSK HPKV, Palampur during 2018-2021with aim to identify disease & pathogen, variability studies, factors affecting pathogen & disease development and evaluation of IDM components viz., chemicals, cultural practices (spacing and date of sowing), plant extracts, biocontrol agents and organic inputs under in vitro, in vivo and field conditions for the management of the Stemphylium blight of onion. During the survey it was observed that disease was prevalent in all the onion growing districts of Himachal Pradesh. The maximum disease severity was observed in district Una (45.4%) followed by Bilaspur (42.5%), Mandi (37.5%) and Kangra (36.9%) whereas, minimum disease severity (35.2%) was observed in district Hamirpur. The disease was identified as Stemphylium blight based on symptoms and pathogen was identified as Stemphylium vesicarium on the basis of morpho-cultural characteristics and molecular characterization. The pathogen variability was studied on the basis of virulence, morphological characters, physiological and molecular characterization, which grouped 32 isolates of S. vesicarium into 6, 14, 12, 12, 9 and 5 groups, respectively. Among different media tested Potato dextrose agar was observed as best media with maximum radial growth whereas, sporulation of S. vesicarium was observed on V8 agar, Oatmeal agar and PDA media. Temperature 250C was found best for the mycelial growth, whereas maximum sporulation occurred at 15-200C. The pathogen perpetuated on debris for quite longer time (8 months) as compared to perpetuation in soil and seeds. The incubation period and latent period of S. vesicarium was observed as 3 & 5 days on detached leaves at 250C and 5 & 7 days on potted plants, respectively. The inoculum level i.e., 3x104 conidia/ml, was found optimum for disease development. Temperature was observed as the most important factor in the disease development having a significant positive correlation with disease severity. Among the eight fungicides viz., trifloxystrobin 25% + tebuconazole 50%WG, azoxystrobin 25EC, difenoconazole 25 EC, carbendazim 50 WP, propiconazole 25 EC, zineb 75 WP, mancozeb 75 WP & copper oxychloride 50 WP evaluated in vitro, propiconazole 25 EC (250 ppm), difenoconazole 25 EC (500 ppm) and trifloxystrobin 25% + tebuconazole 50% WG (1500 ppm) were found most effective which gave complete mycelial inhibition at 250, 500 and 1500 ppm, respectively. Cultural practices revealed that late sown crop at wider spacing resulted into less disease severity with higher bulb yield. In vitro evaluation of plant extracts (aqueous & alcoholic) of Melia azedarach, Lantana camera, Eupatorium adenophorum and Eucalyptus camaldulensis showed that aqueous extract of Eucalyptus gave maximum mycelial inhibition of 53.30 per cent (@ 50%) whereas, alcoholic extracts of all botanicals at 50 per cent concentration except Lantana provided complete mycelial inhibition. In vitro evaluation of bio agents i.e., Trichoderma viride, T. harzianum (JMA-4 and SMA-5), T. koningii (DMA-8 and JMA-11)) and Pseudomonas fluoroscens gave mycelial inhibition ranging from 10.40 to 35.65 per cent. The organic inputs viz; Tamarlassi, Bijamrit, Biosol, Vermiwash, Jeevamrit and Eucalyptus ark evaluated under in vitro, revealed that Eupatorium ark was most effective with complete mycelium inhibition at 10 per cent concentration being followed by Jeevamrit with 88.78 per cent mycelial inhibition at 25 per cent concentration. Under in vivo conditions propiconazole gave maximum disease control (79.85%) however, among non-chemical components T. koningii (DMA-8), Eupatorium ark and plant extracts of Eucalyptus provided 53.99, 68.15 and 59.98 per cent disease control, respectively over check. Under field conditions (KVK Berthin & RSS Akrot), individually among chemicals three sprays of propiconazole 25EC and among non-chemical three sprays of Eupatorium ark were found most effective with 63.96 and 28.03 per cent disease control, respectively. However, integrated treatments of chemical with non-chemical, two sprays of propiconazole 25EC + one spray of Eupatorium ark resulted best with 54.10 per cent disease control whereas, single spray each of propiconazole 25EC, Eucalyptus extract and Eupatorium ark at 10 days intervals also gave good management of disease i.e., 44.37 per cent disease control over check.
