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Chaudhary Sarwan Kumar Himachal Pradesh Agriculture University, Palampur

Himachal Pradesh Krishi Vishvavidyalaya (renamed as Chaudhary Sarwan Kumar Himachal Pradesh Krishi Vishvavidyalaya in June, 2001) was established on 1st November, 1978.The College of Agriculture (established in May, 1966) formed the nucleus of the new farm University. It is ICAR accredited and ISO 9001:2015 certified institution. The Indian Council of Agricultural Research has ranked this University at eleventh place among all farm universities of the country. The University has been given the mandate for making provision for imparting education in agriculture and other allied branches of learning, furthering the advancement of learning and prosecution of research and undertaking extension of such sciences, especially to the rural people of Himachal Pradesh. Over the years, this University has contributed significantly in transforming the farm scenario of Himachal Pradesh. It has developed human resources, varieties and technologies and transferred these to farming community enabling the State to receive the “Krishikarman award” of Govt. of India four times in row for food grain production among small states of the country. Today, the State has earned its name for hill agricultural diversification and the farming community has imposed its faith in the University.

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2017 - 201821
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Subject: Genetics and Plant Breeding × End date: 2018 × Start date: 2015 × Type: Thesis ×
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    GENETIC DIVERSITY ANALYSIS IN BUCKWHEAT USING MORPHOLOGICAL AND MOLECULAR MARKERS
    (CSKHPKV, Palampur, 2018) Khushbu; Bhardwaj, Neelam
    The present investigation entitled “Genetic diversity analysis in buckwheat using morphological and molecular markers” was undertaken during the kharif 2017 to assess the nature and magnitude of genetic variability and associations among various traits including their direct and indirect effects on seed yield and to identify potential donor parents among the 40 genotypes for their use in future breeding programmes. Data were recorded on seed yield per plant and various morphological traits along with reaction to disease. The analysis was done as per the standard statistical procedures and morphological analysis was done using Mahalanobis D2 statistics and principle component analysis. Molecular analysis was done using NTSYS-pc software and POPGENE software. Sufficient genetic variability was observed for almost all the traits studied. High PCV, GCV, heritability and genetic advance was observed for 1000-seed weight and seed yield per plant. Genotype IC-313149 which was highest yielding genotype was found promising among all the germplasm lines as it also exhibited high number of primary branches per plant, short plant height and 1000-seed weight. Similarity was observed among data for diversity from morphological and molecular analysis. A total of 38 genotypes were found common while comparing molecular clusters and morpho-metric clusters thereby exhibiting the congruence between morphological and SSR data.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    GENETIC DIVERSITY ANALYSIS IN OAT (AVENA SATIVA) USING AGRO-MORPHOLOGICAL AND MOLECULAR MARKERS
    (CSKHPKV, Palampur, 2018) Arora, Arushi; Sood, Vinod Kumar
    The present investigation was undertaken to assess the extent of genetic variability and diversity among different oat genotypes using agro morphological and molecular markers so as to identify promising genotypes for future breeding programme. The experimental material consisting of 57 different genotypes of oat were raised in Randomized Block Design with three replications during the Rabi 2016-2017 and data were recorded on agro morphological, quality traits and reaction to powdery mildew resistance. Genetic diversity among different genotypes was studied on the basis of morphological traits using Mahalanobis D2-statistic, PCA and SSR markers. Mean values for different traits revealed that genotypes JPO-36, JPO-46, JPO-38, JPO-17, JPO-29, JPO-30, JPO-31, JPO-45, EC-528883, Algerian, IG-03-203, EC-528889, EC-528890, EC-528390, JPO-28, OL-822, KRR-AK-36, EC-605834, PLP-14 , KRR-AK-26 and KRR-AK-42 were significantly superior for forage and quality traits and were resistant to powdery mildew. PCV along with GCV were high for tillers per plant, flag leaf area, leaf stem ratio, dry matter yield per plant and crude protein yield per plant. High heritability along with high genetic advance was observed for tillers per plant, dry matter yield per plant, crude protein yield per plant and seed yield per plant. Dry matter yield per plant, crude protein content, crude protein yield per plant and biological yield per plant were observed as best selection indices for green fodder yield whereas dry matter yield, biological yield per plant and harvest index were observed as best selection indices for seed yield. Based on D2-statistic, all the genotypes were grouped into eight clusters. In contrast, SSR analysis grouped the genotypes into two clusters and further two sub-clusters. Genotypes PLP-16, PLP-1, JPO-50, JPO-31 JPO-28, PLP-17, EC-528897, JPO-38, EC-605831and JPO-29 were found to be more diverse than others.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    GENETIC ASSESSMENT FOR SEED YIELD AND RELATED TRAITS IN F3 GENERATION OF MASH (Vigna mungo (L.) Hepper)
    (CSKHPKV, Palampur, 2017-07) Chauhan, Shilpa; Mittal, Raj Kumar
    The present investigation entitled “Genetic assessment for seed yield and related traits in F3 generation of mash (Vigna mungo (L.) Hepper)” was carried out at the Experimental Farm of the Department of Crop Improvement, CSKHPKV, Palampur to study the genetic parameters and identify desirable transgressive segregants in mash for seed yield and components traits. The experimental material comprised of 21 families along with their 126 F3 progenies, derived by mating 12 parents with 3 testers. This genetic material was evaluated in Compact Family Block Design with three replications during kharif 2016. Sufficient variability was found among the families for all the traits except for days to 50 per cent flowering. Progenies among the families were found significantly different for days to 50 per cent flowering and days to 75 per cent maturity. Likewise, progenies within family were significantly different for majority of the traits. The phenotypic coefficient of variation was found to be greater than genotypic coefficient of variation for all the traits indicating the influence of environment in expression of these traits. Higher estimates of PCV and GCV were observed for branches per plant, biological yield per plant and seed yield per plant. Significant and positive correlation of seed yield per plant was found with plant height, pods per plant, pod length, seeds per pod, biological yield per plant and harvest index. Biological yield per plant and harvest index had shown high direct effects on seed yield per plant. Eight progenies were moderately resistant to Cercospora leaf spots, 13 progenies were resistant to anthracnose leaf spot while 19 progenies showed resistance to powdery mildew. HPBU-126 x HPBU-111, HPBU-124 x HPBU-111 and HPBU-126 x Palampur-93 were the promising families for most of the traits with high seed yield per plant and these families were resistant to anthracnose leaf spot and powdery mildew. Forty- three progenies were superior based on maximum number of superior segregants scored over mean value of progeny and best check. Pg2 of HPBU-126 x HPBU-111, Pg2 of HPBU-126 x Palampur-93, Pg3 and Pg6 of HPBU-124 x HPBU-111 were found to be the best progenies based on per se performance with high seed yield per plant and these progenies were moderately resistant to Cercospora leaf spots and resistant to anthracnose leaf spot and powdery mildew.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    GENETIC ANALYSIS OF SEED YIELD AND RELATED TRAITS AND RESPONSE TO ANTHER CULTURE IN BROWN SARSON (Brassica campestris var. brown sarson)
    (CSKHPKV, Palampur, 2017-07) Sood, Sheetal; Vedna Kumari
    The present investigation entitled „Genetic analysis of seed yield and related traits and response to anther culture in brown sarson (Brassica campestris var. brown sarson)‟ was undertaken to assess the nature of genetic variability, extent of genetic diversity and association of various characters with seed yield and their direct and indirect effects under two different environments during rabi 2015-16 and 2016-17. In addition, androgenesis-mediated responsiveness of genotypes and their crosses was also studied through anther culture. Data were recorded on seed yield and various component characters. Reaction to Alternaria blight was studied under natural field conditions at Kangra during rabi 2016-17. The data analysis was done as per standard statistical procedures. The data recorded on anther culture studies were analysed using CPCS software. Sufficient genetic variability was observed for most of the characters in Env.I, Env.II and pooled over the environments. High heritability coupled with high genetic advance was observed for number of secondary branches per plant, seeds per siliqua and harvest index in Env.I, siliquae per plant and number of secondary branches per plant in Env.II and number of primary branches per plant in pooled over the environments which indicated the predominance of additive gene action for the inheritance of these characters. In multivariate analysis, all the genotypes were grouped into six clusters in Env.I, Env.II and pooled over the environments. The clustering pattern of brown sarson genotypes indicated that there was no parallelism between geographical distribution and genetic diversity. Maximum contribution towards genetic divergence was due to seeds per siliqua in Env.I, siliquae per plant in Env.II and days to 75 per cent maturity in pooled over the environments. Maximum genetic divergence was observed between clusters IV and V in Env.I, V and VI in Env.II and II and IV in pooled over the environments which suggested that the hybridisation between genotypes falling in these clusters will give transgressants for high seed yield coupled with earliness. Based upon the correlation and path coefficient analysis, harvest index was observed to be the best selection parameter because of its high, positive direct and indirect contribution towards seed yield per plant. In androgenesis-mediated response, the highest callusing and calli index were observed in N6 medium with HM2 [0.5 mg/l 2, 4-D + 1.0 mg/l NAA] and 3 per cent sucrose. The genotypes HPBS-1 and KBS-3 x HPKM-04-1 performed better in N6 medium for callus induction frequency and calli index, respectively while the genotype HPKM-04-1 appeared to be the best in MS medium for days to calli appearance.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    ASSESSMENT OF GENETIC POTENTIAL OF MEDIUM MATURING INBRED LINES DERIVED FROM DIFFERENT SOURCES IN MAIZE (Zea mays L.)
    (CSKHPKV, Palampur, 2017-07-27) Sawan Kumar; Guleria, S. K.
    The present investigation entitled ―Assessment of genetic potential of medium maturing inbred lines derived from different sources in maize (Zea mays L.)‖ had been undertaken to carry out combining ability analysis and assigning maize germplasm to various heterotic groups during kharif, 2016. Sixty crosses along with 32 parents were evaluated in RBD design during Kharif, 2016. Data was recorded on grain yield per plant and various morphological traits along with reaction to diseases. The line × tester analysis suggested that non additive gene effect was important for most of the traits. Line L28 (TNAU/CBE-83) was observed to be a good general combiner for grain yield, cob length, biological yield and protein content. Tester T1 (BAJIM-08-26) was found to be a good general combiner for 1000 grain weight, biological yield, protein content and tryptophan content whereas T2 (BAJIM-08-27) for grain yield, cob girth, harvest index, plant height, cob placement and days to 50 per cent silking. The maize germplasm was categorized in two different heterotic groups and fifteen lines were included in group A and fifteen in group B. However, eight lines viz., L5 (BAJIM-15-09), L6 (BAJIM-15-10), L9 (BML-6), L11 (CML-44), L13 (CML-269), L15 (CML-292) , L21 (CML-465-B-B) and L28 (TNAU/CBE-83) which showed positive GCA effects and positive SCA effects with T2 and negative SCA effects with T1 were considered more productive in the heterotic group A while the eight lines viz., L3 (BAJIM-13-02), L10 (BML-7), L12 (CML-141), L14 (CML-269-1), L16 (CML-294), L23 (HKI-1040-7), L24 (HKI-1105) and L26 (MRCQPM-16) which showed positive GCA effects and positive SCA effects with T1 (BAJIM-08-26) and negative SCA effects with T2 (BAJIM-08-27) were more productive in heterotic group B. Three cross combinations L28 × T2 (TNAU/CBE-83 × BAJIM-08-27), L15 × T2 (CML-292 × BAJIM-08-27) and L23 × T1 (HKI-1040-07 × BAJIM-08-26) were identified most promising on the basis of their per se performance, SCA effects and significant heterosis for different traits mainly for yield, earliness, and resistance to TLB, MLB and BLSB.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    STUDIES ON VARIABILITY FOR SOME AGRO-MORPHOLOGICAL TRAITS AND INHERITANCE OF POWDERY MILDEW RESISTANCE IN BREAD WHEAT (Triticum aestivum L.)
    (CSKHPKV, Palampur, 2017-07) Kaur, Ramandeep; Rana, Vijay
    The present investigation entitled “Studies on variability for some agro- morphological traits and inheritance of powdery mildew resistance in bread wheat (Triticum aestivum.L)” was conducted at Rice and Wheat Research Centre, Malan with the objectives to evaluate thirty diverse wheat genotypes in α-design with three replications for various agro-morphological traits and establish inheritance of powdery mildew resistance in diverse wheat lines. Evaluation for powdery mildew resistance was conducted both under field and controlled condition. Analysis of variance indicated that mean squares due to genotypes were highly significant for all the characters except tillers per plant and days to flowering. Moderate PCV, GCV, genetic advance with high heritability was observed for peduncle length, grains per spike and grain yield per plant. Moderate PCV, GCV, heritability and genetic advance was observed for biological yield. Correlation analysis indicated that grain yield had a significant positive correlation with grains per spike, 1000 - grain weight, biological yield per plant, flag leaf area and peduncle length. Biological yield per plant followed by flag leaf area had high positive direct effects on grain yield. Most of the traits exhibited high indirect effects via biological yield and flag leaf area. Therefore, based on correlation and path analysis, biological yield, flag leaf area, grains per spike and 1000 - grain weight appeared to be the important characters for their contribution to grain yield. The highly resistant genotypes to powdery mildew were HSB 6 and HD 3043. These genotypes can be used in hybridization programme to breed for powdery mildew resistant varieties. The F2 segregation data from the cross PBW 343 × ONS 29 suggested that powdery mildew resistance in ONS 29 is controlled by single dominant gene, whereas F2 data in crosses HSB 6 × IC 443618 and HSB 6 × IC 296681 indicated that resistance in HSB 6 is controlled by single recessive gene.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    GENETIC ANALYSIS FOR SOME FORAGE TRAITS IN OAT
    (CSKHPKV, Palampur, 2017-07) Devi, Pooja; Sood, V.K.
    The present investigation entitled, “Genetic analysis for some forage traits in oat” was undertaken to estimate the gene effects for different forage traits and to identify promising oat progenies in F3 and F4 generations of a cross PLP-1 × HJ-8. The experimental material comprising P1, P2, F1, F2 and F3 generations of a cross PLP-1 × HJ-8 was raised in Randomized Block Design during Rabi 2016-17 with three replications and data were recorded on morphophysiological, forage traits and reaction to powdery mildew resistance. Genic effects were estimated by using scaling test and generation mean analysis for traits related to forage yield. The results obtained in the present investigation with respect to generation mean analysis suggested that both additive and dominance effects were important for most of the traits. The results of scaling tests revealed the presence of non-allelic interactions for days to 50 per cent flowering, plant height, tillers per plant, leaves per plant, fresh fodder yield per plant, leaf area, days to 75 per cent maturity, dry matter yield per plant and dry matter per cent. In fresh fodder yield per plant and crude protein yield per plant additive × additive and dominance × dominance type of non-allelic interaction was observed whereas, dominance × dominance type of epistasis were present for most of the traits. Duplicate type of gene action was observed for plant height and leaves per plant, these observations imply the use of biparental approach and selection to be delayed to later generations. The study on path analysis and correlation studies in F2, F3 and F4 generations indicated the significance of sub traits like tillers per plant, leaves per plant, leaf area dry matter yield per plant, dry matter per cent, tillers per plant and crude protein yield per plant and therefore, these traits could be considered as the best selection parameters for the improvement of fresh fodder yield per plant due to their high direct and indirect contributions. Resistance to powdery mildew was governed by a single dominant gene in a cross PLP-1 × HJ-8. Evaluation of F2, F3 and F4 generations of the same cross along with parents revealed that 14.33%, 18.44% and 22.89% transgressive segregants were obtained in F2, F3 and F4 generations, respectively. Two hundred six superior progenies have been identified in F4 generation and P6-9-8, P31-5-8, P36-6-6, P46-6-4, P56-3-4, P69-3-3, P74-2-9 and P76-7-7 showed superiority for most of the forage and component traits in F4.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Identification of maintainers and restorers for estimation of heterosis using a CMS line of rice
    (CSKHPKV, Palampur, 2017-07) Kaur, Parwinder; Pandey, D.P.
    The present investigation entitled, “Identification of maintainers and restorers for estimation of heterosis using a CMS line of rice” was carried out to identify maintainers and restorers for a CMS line, estimation of heterosis and seed production aspect. About 20-25 local genotypes were crossed with a CMS line IR68897A at RWRC, Malan during kharif 2015. During kharif 2016 the ten F1’s along with parental lines (10 male parents + IR68897A + IR68897B) were evaluated in RBD with three replications at RWRC, Malan. Analysis of variance revealed significant differences among the genotypes for all the traits studied. PCV was higher than GCV for all the characters studied. PCV and GCV (<15%) was low for days to 50% flowering and days to 75% maturity. Moderate PCV and GCV were recorded for panicle length, plant height and total tillers per plant. Moderate level of GCV indicating considerable amount of variability expressed for these characters and high (>25%) PCV and GCV were recorded for effective tillers per plant, pollen fertility, spikelets per panicle, grains per panicle, spikelet fertility, 1000-grain weight, grain yield per plant, grain length, grain breadth and L/B ratio. Heritability estimates were found to be high (>61%) for all the characters. High heritability coupled with high genetic advance were recorded for plant height, total tillers per plant, effective tillers per plant, pollen fertility, spikelets per panicle, grains per panicle, spikelet fertility, 1000-grain weight, grain yield per plant, grain length, grain breadth and L/B ratio which was more useful for predicting the resultant effect of selecting the best individual. None of the crosses showed higher mean values for all the characters simultaneously. IR68897A × Ranbir Basmati showed superior performance for all characters except pollen fertility, panicle length and L/B ratio. IR68897A × HPU 741 showed superior performance for total tillers per plant, effective tillers per plant, spikelet fertility, 1000-grain weight, grain yield per plant, grain length and L/B ratio. Heterosis expressed as percent increase or decrease in the mean values of F1 hybrid over better parent and standard check were observed for various characters. IR68897A × HPR 2880, IR68897A × Ranbir Basmati, IR68897A × HPU 741 showed significant positive heterosis for grain yield over better parent. The use of cytoplasmic genetic male sterility system (CMS) in developing hybrids in rice is possible only when effective maintainers and restorers are identified. Out of 10 crosses evaluated, 2 restorers (IR68897A × Ranbir Basmati and IR68897A × HPU 741), 7 partial restorers and 1 maintainer (IR68897A × T23) were categorized on the basis of pollen and spikelet fertility. In order to assess the extent of out crossing and to standardize the seed production of IR68897A a preliminary trial was laid out at RWRC, Malan. The trial composed of two spacing (10 × 10 and 15 × 15 cm) and two ratios (IR68897A:IR68897B = 2:1 and 1:1). Boot leaf clipping, rope pulling and GA3 application was done. IR68897A showed 62.8% outcrossing with 15 × 15 cm spacing and 2:1 (2 rows of A: 1 row of B) row ratio.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    GENETIC STUDIES FOR LOW INPUT USE IN BREAD WHEAT (Triticum aestivum L.)
    (CSKHPKV, Palampur, 2018-07) Thakur, Taniya; Rana, Vijay
    The present study entitled “Genetic studies for low input use in bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)” was undertaken during rabi 2016-2017 under conventional inorganic (E1) and low input organic (E2) conditions at Organic Farm, CSK HPKV, Palampur with the objectives to evaluate twenty-five diverse wheat germplasm lines in RBD with three replications for grain yield and some agro-morphological traits to study genetic variation and identify reliable selection criteria for low input organic conditions. For seedling parameters studies, genotypes were raised in CRD with three replications in polytubes under controlled conditions. Analysis of variance revealed that the mean sum of squares due to genotypes were highly significant for all the traits except thousand grain weight under both the environments. Pooled analysis of variance over environments indicated that mean square due to genotype × environment interaction were significant for traits namely, grain yield per plant, biological yield, harvest index, FLA II, SLW II, PL HT II, PL HT III, days to maturity, specific leaf area and seedling height. In general, mean and range for most of the traits were found to be lower under E2 as compared to E1.High PCV, GCV, heritability and genetic advance were observed for specific leaf area, root-shoot dry weight ratio and seedling dry weight under E2indicating predominance of additive gene action in the inheritance of these traits and selection would be most effective. Thousand grain weight and seedling dry weight showed positive correlation with grain yield per plant and can be used as selection criteria only under low input organic (E2) conditions. Positive correlation of grains per spike, biological yield, harvest index, DMA III, NA II with grain yield indicated their importance for selection under both the environments. Under E2, NA II also had significant positive correlation with grains per spike, thousand grain weight, biological yield and FLA III. Further, on the basis of high positive direct effects as well as indirect contributions, biological yield and harvest index have emerged to be suitable selection criteria for improvement of grain yield. On the basis of mean performance for grain yield per plant, dry matter accumulation and NA III, HPW 443, HPW 349, MNS 53,Kanku, MNS 206, AB 81, HPW 89 and HPWO - 5 were found to be promising genotypes under low input organic conditions.