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Chaudhary Sarwan Kumar Himachal Pradesh Agriculture University, Palampur

Himachal Pradesh Krishi Vishvavidyalaya (renamed as Chaudhary Sarwan Kumar Himachal Pradesh Krishi Vishvavidyalaya in June, 2001) was established on 1st November, 1978.The College of Agriculture (established in May, 1966) formed the nucleus of the new farm University. It is ICAR accredited and ISO 9001:2015 certified institution. The Indian Council of Agricultural Research has ranked this University at eleventh place among all farm universities of the country. The University has been given the mandate for making provision for imparting education in agriculture and other allied branches of learning, furthering the advancement of learning and prosecution of research and undertaking extension of such sciences, especially to the rural people of Himachal Pradesh. Over the years, this University has contributed significantly in transforming the farm scenario of Himachal Pradesh. It has developed human resources, varieties and technologies and transferred these to farming community enabling the State to receive the “Krishikarman award” of Govt. of India four times in row for food grain production among small states of the country. Today, the State has earned its name for hill agricultural diversification and the farming community has imposed its faith in the University.

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20195
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Subject: Animal Nutrition × End date: 2019 × Start date: 2019 × Thesis Type: M.V.Sc. ×
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    EFFECT OF APPLE POMACE BASED COMPLETE FEED ON GROWTH RESPONSE OF CALVES
    (CSKHPKV Palampur, 2019-07-23) SUNIDHI; Rani, Daisy
    The study was conducted with the aim to find out the effect of using ensiled apple pomace (AP) based complete feed on growth response of calves. Ten male calves were divided into 2 groups of 5 calves each, with each group having similar average body weight. Two experiments were conducted. In the first experiment, the effect of ensiled mixture of apple pomace and wheat straw (EMAPWS) and ensiled apple pomace and fresh wheat straw (EAPFWS) based complete feed on growth response of calves was studied and in the second experiment, the effect of EMAPWS and EAPFWS based complete feed on nutrient utilization of calves was studied. For the experiments, AP and Wheat straw (WS) was ensiled in 85:15 in plastic drums of 300L capacity for 4 weeks. Also only AP was ensiled and to this fresh WS was mixed in 85:15. The mixtures were analyzed for proximate and fibre composition. Accordingly, formulation and preparation of concentrate feed was done. Growth studies were carried out for 8 weeks period. During growth trial, the overall DMI was 2.79 and 2.51 per cent, with a daily gain of 288 and 260 g/calf. The feed efficiency ratio was 0.147 and 0.188, respectively, in EMAPWS TMR and EAPFWS TMR treatment. During digestibility trial average gain in weight/head/day was 762g and 701g respectively. Average daily dry matter intake was 3.198 and 2.816 g per 100 kg body weight respectively in EMAPWS and EAPFWS. There was no significant difference in GIW and DMI between both the groups. The digestibilities of EE, CF, Cellulose and ADF was significantly higher in EMAPWS, whereas the digestibilities of DM, CP, Hemicellulose, NFE, NDF and OM did not differ. The TDN content of the complete feed was 70.88 and 59.74 per cent whereas, DCP content was 7.28 and 6.12 per cent in EMAPWS and EAPFWS respectively and it differed significantly. The TDN intake was 63.51 and 47.96 g and DCP intake was 6.53 and 4.92 g per Kg metabolic body weight in EMAPWS and EAPFWS respectively and both TDN and DCP intake differed significantly. The nitrogen intake was 56.56 and 37.87 g/head/day which was significantly different between both the groups. The Nitrogen retention (NR) as per cent of nitrogen intake (NI) was 46.35 and 37.82 respectively in EMAPWS and EAPFWS and it differed significantly between both the groups. All the calves were in positive nitrogen and energy balance. Feeding EMAPWS reduced the expenditure incurred on feeding to gain one kg body weight, by 2.22 percent than feeding ensiled AP mixed with fresh WS. So, it was concluded that ensiling AP with WS in the ratio of 85:15 was relatively better method to preserve and feed AP to calves and feeding complete feed based on EMAPWS could support optimum growth rate in cross-bred calves.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    EFFECT OF APPLE POMACE BASED COMPLETE FEED ON GROWTH RESPONSE OF CALVES
    (CSHHPKV Palampur, 2019-07-23) SUNIDHI; Daisy, Rani
    The study was conducted with the aim to find out the effect of using ensiled apple pomace (AP) based complete feed on growth response of calves. Ten male calves were divided into 2 groups of 5 calves each, with each group having similar average body weight. Two experiments were conducted. In the first experiment, the effect of ensiled mixture of apple pomace and wheat straw (EMAPWS) and ensiled apple pomace and fresh wheat straw (EAPFWS) based complete feed on growth response of calves was studied and in the second experiment, the effect of EMAPWS and EAPFWS based complete feed on nutrient utilization of calves was studied. For the experiments, AP and Wheat straw (WS) was ensiled in 85:15 in plastic drums of 300L capacity for 4 weeks. Also only AP was ensiled and to this fresh WS was mixed in 85:15. The mixtures were analyzed for proximate and fibre composition. Accordingly, formulation and preparation of concentrate feed was done. Growth studies were carried out for 8 weeks period. During growth trial, the overall DMI was 2.79 and 2.51 per cent, with a daily gain of 288 and 260 g/calf. The feed efficiency ratio was 0.147 and 0.188, respectively, in EMAPWS TMR and EAPFWS TMR treatment. During digestibility trial average gain in weight/head/day was 762g and 701g respectively. Average daily dry matter intake was 3.198 and 2.816 g per 100 kg body weight respectively in EMAPWS and EAPFWS. There was no significant difference in GIW and DMI between both the groups. The digestibilities of EE, CF, Cellulose and ADF was significantly higher in EMAPWS, whereas the digestibilities of DM, CP, Hemicellulose, NFE, NDF and OM did not differ. The TDN content of the complete feed was 70.88 and 59.74 per cent whereas, DCP content was 7.28 and 6.12 per cent in EMAPWS and EAPFWS respectively and it differed significantly. The TDN intake was 63.51 and 47.96 g and DCP intake was 6.53 and 4.92 g per Kg metabolic body weight in EMAPWS and EAPFWS respectively and both TDN and DCP intake differed significantly. The nitrogen intake was 56.56 and 37.87 g/head/day which was significantly different between both the groups. The Nitrogen retention (NR) as per cent of nitrogen intake (NI) was 46.35 and 37.82 respectively in EMAPWS and EAPFWS and it differed significantly between both the groups. All the calves were in positive nitrogen and energy balance. Feeding EMAPWS reduced the expenditure incurred on feeding to gain one kg body weight, by 2.22 percent than feeding ensiled AP mixed with fresh WS. So, it was concluded that ensiling AP with WS in the ratio of 85:15 was relatively better method to preserve and feed AP to calves and feeding complete feed based on EMAPWS could support optimum growth rate in cross-bred calves.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Use of citric acid in combination with probiotics in broiler diets.
    (CSKHPKV, Palampur, 2019-07-04) Koundal, Nitesh; Katoch, Shivani
    The study was conducted to evaluate the effect of citric acid alone and in combination with commercial probiotics (Darolac) in the poultry broiler birds under completely randomized block design. For this purpose, day old broiler chicks (n=99) were divided into 3 main treatment groups T0, T1 and T2. Each treatment group was further divided into 3 replicates with 11 chicks each. T0 served as standard control diet and was given standard corn-soy flake based ration. Treatment T1 was given standard corn-soy flake ration with 0.5 per cent citric acid (CA) and T2 was given standard corn-soy flake ration with a combination of 0.5 per cent CA and 0.05 per cent probiotics. All three diets were formulated and prepared conferring to ICAR (2013) standards. Supplementation of test diet T1 alone was more effective than test diet T2 in enhancing bird performance in form of gain in weight and FCR by modulating the GIT environment condition viz. lowering the pH of intestinal contents, altering the population of intestinal microflora leading to reduction in the population of coliforms and altering the gram positive and gram negative bacteria ratio. Test diet T1 and T2 improved the digestibility of calcium and phosphorus which was reflected in increased Ca and P content in tibial bone. However carcass characteristics revealed 4.9 per cent higher dressing per cent in treatment T2 compared to control T0. Further, the average weight for fore/breast quarter was significantly (P<0.05) higher in treatment T2 and was numerically higher in treatment T1 compared to control T0. Blood cholesterol (mg/dL) was significantly (P<0.05) lower in treatment T2 compared to control T0. Economic analysis revealed 1.17 per cent higher gross profit on feeding test diet T1 compared to control diet T0, whereas test diet T2 increased the cost of feeding thus negatively affecting the profit margin compared to control T0. It is thus concluded that supplementation of CA alone at 0.5 per cent concentration in standard corn- soy flake ration is economically viable compared to combination of 0.5 per cent CA and 0.05 per cent probiotics.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    USE OF CITRIC ACID AS AN ADDITIVE IN BROILER DIETS WITH LOWER MINERAL CONCENTRATION.
    (CSKHPKV, Palampur, 2019-06-04) Sharma, Sumani; Katoch, Shivani
    The study was conducted to evaluate citric acid (CA) in diet with lower mineral concentration i.e. calcium and phosphorus (Ca;P) in commercial broiler poultry birds under complete randomized design. For this purpose, day old broiler chicks (n=96) were divided into 4 main treatment groups T0, T1, T2 and T3. Each treatment group was further divided in 2 replicates with 12 chicks in each. T0 served as control diet and was given standard corn- soy flake based ration. Treatment T1 served as standard ration containing 0.5 per cent CA and T2 was given ration containing 0.5 per cent CA along with 10 percent low Ca;P whereas treatment T3 was given ration containing 0.5 per cent CA along with 20 percent lower Ca;P as per ICAR (2013) standards. The diet T3 formulated with 0.5 per cent CA and 20 per cent lower Ca;P then ICAR 2013 recommendations significantly (P<0.05) enhanced the growth performance of birds in terms of gain in weight, feed intake, feed conversion efficiency and carcass traits like dressing percentage and forequarters weight compared to control T0 but did not show any difference compared to standard treatment T1. Supplementation of 0.5 per cent CA in the diets conferred protection to birds by lowering mortality in birds through reduction in total microbial count, altering the gram positive to gram negative ratio in the lower gastro intestinal tract. Treatment T3 enhanced the availability of calcium and phosphorus by activating homeostatic mechanism of calcium and phosphorus regulation as evident in metabolic trial, blood and tibial bone studies and exhibited 2.24 and 1.04 per cent higher gross profit compared to control T0 and standard T1. Treatment T2 exhibited reduced gross profit owing to poor FCR compared to control T0 and standard T1.
  • Thumbnail Image
    ThesisItemOpen Access
    USE OF CITRIC ACID AS AN ADDITIVE IN BROILER DIETS WITH LOWER MINERAL CONCENTRATION
    (CSKHPKV, Palampur, 2019-06-04) Sharma, Sumani; Katoch, Shivani
    The study was conducted to evaluate citric acid (CA) in diet with lower mineral concentration i.e. calcium and phosphorus (Ca;P) in commercial broiler poultry birds under complete randomized design. For this purpose, day old broiler chicks (n=96) were divided into 4 main treatment groups T0, T1, T2 and T3. Each treatment group was further divided in 2 replicates with 12 chicks in each. T0 served as control diet and was given standard corn- soy flake based ration. Treatment T1 served as standard ration containing 0.5 per cent CA and T2 was given ration containing 0.5 per cent CA along with 10 percent low Ca;P whereas treatment T3 was given ration containing 0.5 per cent CA along with 20 percent lower Ca;P as per ICAR (2013) standards. The diet T3 formulated with 0.5 per cent CA and 20 per cent lower Ca;P then ICAR 2013 recommendations significantly (P<0.05) enhanced the growth performance of birds in terms of gain in weight, feed intake, feed conversion efficiency and carcass traits like dressing percentage and forequarters weight compared to control T0 but did not show any difference compared to standard treatment T1. Supplementation of 0.5 per cent CA in the diets conferred protection to birds by lowering mortality in birds through reduction in total microbial count, altering the gram positive to gram negative ratio in the lower gastro intestinal tract. Treatment T3 enhanced the availability of calcium and phosphorus by activating homeostatic mechanism of calcium and phosphorus regulation as evident in metabolic trial, blood and tibial bone studies and exhibited 2.24 and 1.04 per cent higher gross profit compared to control T0 and standard T1. Treatment T2 exhibited reduced gross profit owing to poor FCR compared to control T0 and standard T1.