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Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar

Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University popularly known as HAU, is one of Asia's biggest agricultural universities, located at Hisar in the Indian state of Haryana. It is named after India's seventh Prime Minister, Chaudhary Charan Singh. It is a leader in agricultural research in India and contributed significantly to Green Revolution and White Revolution in India in the 1960s and 70s. It has a very large campus and has several research centres throughout the state. It won the Indian Council of Agricultural Research's Award for the Best Institute in 1997. HAU was initially a campus of Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana. After the formation of Haryana in 1966, it became an autonomous institution on February 2, 1970 through a Presidential Ordinance, later ratified as Haryana and Punjab Agricultural Universities Act, 1970, passed by the Lok Sabha on March 29, 1970. A. L. Fletcher, the first Vice-Chancellor of the university, was instrumental in its initial growth.

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2013 - 20143
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End date: 2014 × Start date: 2012 × Type: Thesis × Thesis Type: M.V.Sc ×
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Abundance, foraging behaviour and pollination efficiency of major insect pollinators on carrot (Daucus carota L.) seed crop
    (CCSHAU, 2014) Nachhatar Singh; Sharma, S.K.
    A total of thirty three insect species belonging to sixteen families of six orders were recorded from the carrot flowers, in which, eleven belong to order Lepidoptera, twelve belongs to Hymenoptera, six belong to Diptera, three belong to Coleoptera and one belongs to Odonata. Among the insect pollinators, A. florea, A. cerana indica, A. mellifera and A. dorsata were the most frequent pollinators. At initiation of flowering stage, among different bee species, the maximum mean population was observed in case of Apis florea (5.33 bees/m2/5 min) followed by A. mellifera (3.83 bees/m2/5 min) and A. dorsata (2.41 bees/m2/5 min), whereas, least abundance was observed in case of A. cerana indica, i.e., 1.83 bees/m2/5 min. At peak flowering stage, among different bee species, the maximum mean population was observed in case of Apis florea (5.83 bees/m2/5 min) followed by A. mellifera (4.36 bees/m2/ 5min) and A. dorsata (2.74 bees/m2/5 min), whereas, least abundance was observed in case of A. cerana indica, i.e., 2.21 bees/m2/5 min. At cessation of flowering, among different bee species the maximum mean population was observed in case of Apis florea (5.69 bees/m2/5 min) followed by A. mellifera (4.31 bees/m2/5 min) and A. dorsata (2.57 bees/m2/5 min), whereas, the least abundance was observed in case of A. cerana, i.e., 1.98 bees/m2/5 min. Among different Apis species, A. florea spent maximum time (4.87 sec/umbelet) followed by A. mellifera (1.90 sec/umbelet) and A. cerana (1.16 sec/umbelet). Least time per umbelet was recorded in case of A. dorsata i.e. 0.94 sec. Among different bees A. dorsata visited the highest number of umbelets (19.17 umbelets/min) followed by A. mellifera (15.32 umbelets/min) and A. cerana (10.07 umbelets/min). Apis florea visited the least number of umbelets/min (7.89 umbelets/min). It was observed that A. mellifera was the most efficient pollinator followed by A. dorsata, A. florea and A. cerana on carrot cv. Hisar Gairic flowers under agro-ecological conditions of Hisar (Haryana). The yield per plant, yield per m2 area, test weight and germination percentage in case of open pollination were 11.11 g, 61.38 g, 4.14 g and 80.00% respectively, whereas, in case of without insect pollination, it was 4.63 g, 25.06 g, 3.17 g and 53.29% and in case of Hand Pollination 8.36 g, 46.29 g, 3.66 g, 66.57% respectively, which is significantly higher in case of open pollination.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Ethanol production from spent mushroom substrate
    (CCSHAU, 2014) Grover, Ritu; Leela Wati
    The use of spent mushroom substrate for ethanol production provides an alternative opportunity for more sustainable development of renewable resources. Mushroom industry is considered problematic due to disposal of spent substrate left after mushroom production as waste. The spent substrate has great potential for conversion into sugar by partial degradation of agro-residues that allows yeast growth for conversion of glucose to ethanol by using three main steps: pretreatment, hydrolysis and fermentation. Pretreatment must be cost-effective besides improving the formation of sugars by hydrolysis. Alkali (Sodium hydroxide) pretreatment of lignocellulosic materials reduce the crystallinity of cellulose and increase the porosity of the lignocellulosic materials. Pretreated biomass can be fermented by separate hydrolysis and fermentation. In separate hydrolysis and fermentation (SHF), the hydrolysate can be fermented to ethanol in a sequential process where the hydrolysis of cellulose and the fermentation is carried out in different units. Sugars produced as a result of hydrolysis under optimum conditions are fermented to ethanol by yeast. For the present study, Spent mushroom substrate (SMS) after the harvest of oyster and button mushroom obtained from mushroom production technology lab, Department of Plant Pathology CCSHAU, Hisar was ground to different mesh size (0.5, 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0 mm). Spent oyster mushroom substrate contained 36.19% cellulose, 22.24% hemicellulose and 11.99% lignin while spent button mushroom substrate contained 17.60% cellulose, 18.23% hemicellulose and 10.70% lignin before pretreatment. Spent oyster mushroom substrate due to its higher cellulose content was used for ethanol production. Pretreatment of spent oyster mushroom substrate of different particle size (0.5-2 mm) was carried out using different sodium hydroxide conc. (0.5-2%) at 1:10 (w/v) at 15 psi for 1 h. Pretreatment of 1mm mesh size spent mushroom substrate with 2% sodium hydroxide at 15 psi for 1 h resulted in 59% delignification. The optimum concentration of cellulase enzyme and hydrolysis temperature of SMS was found to be 0.20 FPU/g substrate at 50˚C that resulted in about 70.11% sugar release after 2 h shaking.Fermentation of hydrolyzed spent mushroom substrate supplemented with 0.3% urea, with the culture of Saccharomyces cerevisiae inoculated @0.5% (w/v) resulted in production of 2.7 and 3.5% ethanol after 72 h fermentation at 30 and 35˚C respectively. The fermented residue was found to contain about 4.3% cellulose but 19.2% crude protein. Efforts in process integration and optimization will help to improve the economy of the process. MAJOR ADVISOR DEGREE HOLDER
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Impact of climate change on Agriculture
    (CCSHAU, 2013) Manjeet; Nasib Singh
    The study was conducted to know the awareness toward impact of climate change on agriculture. The study was conducted in four district of Hayana state from northen zone namely, Karnal, Kurukshetra and from southern zone Rewari and Bhiwani and total no. of eighty extension personnel (A.D.O.,H.D.O.) were selected and interviewed with the help of well structured schedule. The study revealed that majority of respondents were of young group (20-35 years), educated up to graduation, experience gained up to (3-7 years), training attainted up to (up to one week), registered for SMS service with meteorology dpt. of CCSHAU and news paper, Radio/TV were used as source of information utilized by extension personnel. The finding revealed that respondents awareness about climate degradation like temperature (93.75%), monsoon (93.75%), weather forecasting service (96.25%), pollution which cause climate change (92.50%), green house gases (96.25%), exposure for climate degradation (61.25%). The study shows that the impact of temperature change, impact of rainfall, impact of moisture, impact of sunshine, impact of CO2, impact of soil pollution, water pollution, and impact of biodiversity on the different crop stage like on crop growth, crop yield, crop quality, crop duration and soil health were more negative. The impact of air pollution and impact of wind speed/ duration were less negative on different crop stage. The mitigation management of extension personnel based on technology, management based on natural resources were better and management based on agronomic practices and based on government policy/facilities were less effective. Agriculture department should organise training and camp to implement government policy and facility to farmer level through extension personnel.