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Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar

Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University popularly known as HAU, is one of Asia's biggest agricultural universities, located at Hisar in the Indian state of Haryana. It is named after India's seventh Prime Minister, Chaudhary Charan Singh. It is a leader in agricultural research in India and contributed significantly to Green Revolution and White Revolution in India in the 1960s and 70s. It has a very large campus and has several research centres throughout the state. It won the Indian Council of Agricultural Research's Award for the Best Institute in 1997. HAU was initially a campus of Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana. After the formation of Haryana in 1966, it became an autonomous institution on February 2, 1970 through a Presidential Ordinance, later ratified as Haryana and Punjab Agricultural Universities Act, 1970, passed by the Lok Sabha on March 29, 1970. A. L. Fletcher, the first Vice-Chancellor of the university, was instrumental in its initial growth.

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End date: 2013 × Start date: 2013 × Thesis Type: M.Tech ×
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Development and evaluation of sugarcane trash chopper cum spreader
    (CCSHAU, 2013) Malik, Nadeem Ahmad; Anil Kumar
    In India sugarcane is an important commercial crop occupying about 4.4 million hectares of land with an annual sugarcane produce of 283 million tonnes. One of the biggest problems faced by the sugarcane growers is the disposal of trash. To overcome this problem the farmers usually burn sugarcane trash which causes harmful impact on the environment and leads to loss of nutrients. On the other hand, trash mulching has been found to be advantageous in increasing the soil fertility and conservation of soil moisture. However, the trash size in the field is of large size so it needs to be reduced in size to increasing the composting process. Keeping in view the above problems, a prototype of sugarcane trash chopper cum spreader was developed to chop the trash and spread it to the field uniformly. The dimensions of the prototype were 4100 mm x 1840 mm x 1910 mm. The machine was tested at five levels of moisture content viz. M1, M2, M3, M4, M5 having values 18.75%, 16.54%, 15.15%, 13.19% and 13.13% (db) respectively and four different velocities V1, V2, V3, V4 having corresponding values of 2.76, 2.8, 2.9 and 3.2 km h -1 . The maximum shredding capacity of the machine was found to be 4.31 t h -1 at moisture content of 13.13 % and forward speed of 2.9 km h -1 with maximum shredding efficiency of 90.4 per cent. The prototype chopped up sugarcane trash of about 4 to 12 cm length. The average field capacity of the machine was found out to be 0.40 ha/h with efficiency of 78.2 per cent. The uniformity of trash spreading varied from 0.90-0.95. The cost of operation of the machine was found to be Rs. 786/h. the B:C ration was 1.5 and payback period of the machine was 1.3 year if operated for 250 hours per year. The break-even point of machine was 17.7 ha.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Development of decision support tool for design of commercial grain storage
    (CCSHAU, 2013) Anarase, Dattatray Arjun; Garg, M. K.
    A study was undertaken to develop computer application as a decision support tool for designing grain storage structures. To make an expertise for design procedures, survey of existing commercial grain storage structures was conducted. Godowns and bulk silos were visited in Hisar and Kaithal districts of Haryana state. Existing specification of godowns and BIS standards were studied and design procedure was worked out. Collected dimensional information of RCC bin was insufficient to form a design procedure therefore already prescribed procedure was followed. Specifications of Grain System Incorporation, Illinois have been usedfor programming of steel bin. Computer programs for designing aeration and conveying systems have also been included into existing application. User interfaces of the application have been designed for accepting user inputs and to show the generated design specifications. Excel sheet have been prepared for financial appraisal of storage projects. Input fields of worksheet consist of storage capacity and expenses incurred in storage project. Outputs of excel sheet were Benefit-Cost ratio and Net Present Worth over 15 years period. Output design specifications generated by computer application was verified with existing specifications. It was observed that specifications of ventilators, doors,walls and stack area in the visited godowns were as per the BIS specifications. Stacking height in surveyed godown was limited to keep 1 m sufficient clearance between stacks and bottom edge of roof. Dimensions of godown were dependant on storage capacity and size of bags. Dimensions of RCC and steel bin were dependant on storage capacity and type of crop to be stored. For higher H/D ratio, design of RCC bin would be more economic with respect to space and foundation requirement. Ease of programming in Visual Basic is experienced because it offers many different functions simultaneously such as interface design mode, code editing mode and debugging. Convenience of user is considered in programming as developed application would suggest user about their missing entry and wrong inputs. Also various controls have been placed in application for reselecting platform, resetting inputs, taking printouts and exiting. Validation of program revealed that, there was absence of mathematical and syntax errors in the program.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Spatial assessment of groundwater quality of Sirsa district in Haryana, India
    (CCSHAU, 2013) Mukarukundo Jeanne; Sanjay Kumar
    Water quality issue has become more important than the quantity, as the environmental problems are getting more serious in different parts of the world. A number of environmental factors influence greatly the groundwater quality of an area. This study is made to evaluate the status of groundwater quality and its suitability to irrigated agriculture. For this study 646 samples were collected from existing tubewells and analysed for different chemical composition (pH, EC, Na+, Ca2+, Mg2+, K and CO3 2-, HCO3 -, Cl-, SO4 2-) and parameters (SAR and RSC) were determined. The results of analysis were interpreted with AICRP, Manchanda, USSL and Piper criteria for irrigation water suitability. The results points out that according to AICRP and Manchanda criteria, in Sirsa district, 29.1% of groundwater was good others have to be applied with proper management strategy. Among blocks Sirsa block has the highest percentage (51.6 percent) of good water, whereas, Nathusari Chopta block has the highest percentage (62.3 percent) of the poorest (hgh SAR saline) water. According to USSL, groundwater quality of the district was went under C4S4, C4S3, C3S2, C3S1, C4S2, C2S1, C3S3, C1S1 and C2S2 categories. According to Pipper criteria, in Sirsa district, 15.9 percent samples was under good category (Ca-HCO3, Ca-Mg-Cl and Ca-Na-HCO3) and among blocks of the Sirsa district, Ellenabad block has the highest percentage (25.7) of good water, whereas, Nathusari Chopta has the highest percentage (97.6) of the poorest water (Na-Cl).
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Rain water harvesting and recycling for enhancing water productivity in dryland areas
    (CCSHAU, 2013) Eric Manzi; Sidhpuria, M.S.
    Water is becoming a scarce commodity in dryland areas, the demands of water increase day by day, rain water harvesting is a technique practiced in arid and semi arid regions based on runoff collection and storing to overcome the shortage of water. Therefore, this study about rain water harvesting and recycling for enhancing water productivity in dryland areas was conducted at Dryland Research Farm, CCS HAU, Hisar. The major objectives of the study were to quantify water balance and runoff harvested to the farm pond, establishment of rainfall runoff relationship and determination of the effect of stored rainwater to mustard and chickpea crops. Daily rainfall, evaporation and change of water level in a pond were recorded to determine the seepage in a pond and runoff generated from the rooftop, fields and directly on the pond from June to August, 2013. The crop parameters also were recorded during crop growth season for irrigated and non-irrigated mustard and chickpea. The study revealed that a total of 1396.31 m 3 of runoff was generated during the study period from field, rooftop and directly rainfall on the pond and water use efficiency of mustard was higher than chickpea crop.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Rain water harvesting and recycling for enhancing water productivity in dryland areas
    (CCSHAU, 2013) Eric Manzi; Sidhpuria, M.S.
    Water is becoming a scarce commodity in dryland areas, the demands of water increase day by day, rain water harvesting is a technique practiced in arid and semi arid regions based on runoff collection and storing to overcome the shortage of water. Therefore, this study about rain water harvesting and recycling for enhancing water productivity in dryland areas was conducted at Dryland Research Farm, CCS HAU, Hisar. The major objectives of the study were to quantify water balance and runoff harvested to the farm pond, establishment of rainfall runoff relationship and determination of the effect of stored rainwater to mustard and chickpea crops. Daily rainfall, evaporation and change of water level in a pond were recorded to determine the seepage in a pond and runoff generated from the rooftop, fields and directly on the pond from June to August, 2013. The crop parameters also were recorded during crop growth season for irrigated and non-irrigated mustard and chickpea. The study revealed that a total of 1396.31 m 3 of runoff was generated during the study period from field, rooftop and directly rainfall on the pond and water use efficiency of mustard was higher than chickpea crop.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Mapping of potential water harvesting sites using geo-informatics
    (CCSHAU, 2013) Neelam; Sidhpuria, M.S.
    Exiting surface water sources fail to meet the rising demands of water supply; groundwater reserves are being tapped and over-exploited, resulting into decline in groundwater levels. Therefore, a study about the mapping of potential water harvesting sites using Geo-informatics was carried out for a part of Ghaggar Watershed of Punchkula district, Haryana (India). The major objectives of the study were mapping of different land units using satellite data and to suggest suitable water harvesting structures at identified sites. Worldview-2 satellite with 8 band multispectral capabilities of April 11, 2012; June 11, 2012 and June 12, 2012 on 1:2500 scale was used for digitization of land use/land cover map. Based on satellite imagery, out of total geographical area 12% was occupied by built up area/settlement, 23% as agricultural land, 16% covered by scrub land, 5% under water bodies and 44% was found under forest cover. The contours were prepared from the Digital Elevation Model of CARTOSAT-1 satellite data. On the basis of topographical features potential water harvesting sites were identified. Water harvesting structures such as percolation tanks, ponds and check dams were suggested at identified sites considering factors i.e. topography, land units and groundwater quality.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Development of a desiccant based food drying system
    (CCSHAU, 2013) Attkan, Arun Kumar; Yadav, Y.K.
    The performance of desiccant dehumidifier at different air flow rates, regeneration temperatures and at different inlet conditions has been carried out and the variation in absolute humidity, adsorption and desorption capacity was studied. It observed that when air entering the dehumidifier is more humid, it will be more humid leaving the dehumidifier. Process air outlet temperature is higher than the inlet air temperature due to the heat of sorption of moisture removed from the air is converted to sensible heat. The effect of regeneration temperature on process outlet absolute humidity has also been studied and it was observed that as regeneration temperature increases, the process out absolute humidity increases and similar effect has been observed with increase in air mass flow rate. Experimental tests were conducted to evaluate the performance of dehumidifier for air mass flow rate of 0.32 to 1.30 kg/s and regeneration temperature between 60 to 120°C and it was established that the regeneration temperature in the range of 90 to 120°C and air mass flow rate of 0.95 to 1.30 kg/s gave optimum performance. A desiccant based food drying system was developed and its performance was evaluated for drying of fenugreek leaves (methi) at drying air temperatures of 45, 50 and 55°C and results compared with tray drying. The parameter observed included moisture content, rehydration ratio, ascorbic acid, total carotenoids, moisture diffusivity and sensory evaluation. Results indicated that at higher temperature, drying rate was faster in desiccant dehumidifier dryer as compared to tray dryer. The moisture content of fenugreek leaves was reduced from 88.6 % (wb) to 5 % (wb) in 11, 10 and 8 hours in desiccant dryer as compared to 13, 11 and 9 hours in tray dryer at drying air temperature of 45, 50 and 55°C, respectively. The effective diffusivity values for desiccant drying and tray drying was varied in range of 4.06E-08 to 5.71E-08 m²/s and 3.40E-08 to 5.08E-08 m²/s, respectively. The fresh fenugreek leaves contained 209.2 mg/100 g ascorbic acid and 32.4 mg/100g of total carotenoids. The ascorbic acid retention among the dehydrated samples was maximum192.4, 185.3 and 170.6 mg/100g in desiccant dried fenugreek leaves and 170.5, 135.7 and 122.4 mg/100g in tray dried sample at drying air temperature of 45, 50 and 55°C, respectively. The fenugreek leaves dried at 45°C in desiccant dryer had superior green color and maximum retention of nutrients and hence the desiccant dryer is a promising alternative for food drying.