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Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar

Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University popularly known as HAU, is one of Asia's biggest agricultural universities, located at Hisar in the Indian state of Haryana. It is named after India's seventh Prime Minister, Chaudhary Charan Singh. It is a leader in agricultural research in India and contributed significantly to Green Revolution and White Revolution in India in the 1960s and 70s. It has a very large campus and has several research centres throughout the state. It won the Indian Council of Agricultural Research's Award for the Best Institute in 1997. HAU was initially a campus of Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana. After the formation of Haryana in 1966, it became an autonomous institution on February 2, 1970 through a Presidential Ordinance, later ratified as Haryana and Punjab Agricultural Universities Act, 1970, passed by the Lok Sabha on March 29, 1970. A. L. Fletcher, the first Vice-Chancellor of the university, was instrumental in its initial growth.

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Subject: Veterinary Microbiology × Start date: 1993 × Thesis Type: M.V.Sc ×
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Ethanol production from spent mushroom substrate
    (CCSHAU, 2014) Grover, Ritu; Leela Wati
    The use of spent mushroom substrate for ethanol production provides an alternative opportunity for more sustainable development of renewable resources. Mushroom industry is considered problematic due to disposal of spent substrate left after mushroom production as waste. The spent substrate has great potential for conversion into sugar by partial degradation of agro-residues that allows yeast growth for conversion of glucose to ethanol by using three main steps: pretreatment, hydrolysis and fermentation. Pretreatment must be cost-effective besides improving the formation of sugars by hydrolysis. Alkali (Sodium hydroxide) pretreatment of lignocellulosic materials reduce the crystallinity of cellulose and increase the porosity of the lignocellulosic materials. Pretreated biomass can be fermented by separate hydrolysis and fermentation. In separate hydrolysis and fermentation (SHF), the hydrolysate can be fermented to ethanol in a sequential process where the hydrolysis of cellulose and the fermentation is carried out in different units. Sugars produced as a result of hydrolysis under optimum conditions are fermented to ethanol by yeast. For the present study, Spent mushroom substrate (SMS) after the harvest of oyster and button mushroom obtained from mushroom production technology lab, Department of Plant Pathology CCSHAU, Hisar was ground to different mesh size (0.5, 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0 mm). Spent oyster mushroom substrate contained 36.19% cellulose, 22.24% hemicellulose and 11.99% lignin while spent button mushroom substrate contained 17.60% cellulose, 18.23% hemicellulose and 10.70% lignin before pretreatment. Spent oyster mushroom substrate due to its higher cellulose content was used for ethanol production. Pretreatment of spent oyster mushroom substrate of different particle size (0.5-2 mm) was carried out using different sodium hydroxide conc. (0.5-2%) at 1:10 (w/v) at 15 psi for 1 h. Pretreatment of 1mm mesh size spent mushroom substrate with 2% sodium hydroxide at 15 psi for 1 h resulted in 59% delignification. The optimum concentration of cellulase enzyme and hydrolysis temperature of SMS was found to be 0.20 FPU/g substrate at 50˚C that resulted in about 70.11% sugar release after 2 h shaking.Fermentation of hydrolyzed spent mushroom substrate supplemented with 0.3% urea, with the culture of Saccharomyces cerevisiae inoculated @0.5% (w/v) resulted in production of 2.7 and 3.5% ethanol after 72 h fermentation at 30 and 35˚C respectively. The fermented residue was found to contain about 4.3% cellulose but 19.2% crude protein. Efforts in process integration and optimization will help to improve the economy of the process. MAJOR ADVISOR DEGREE HOLDER