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Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar
Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University popularly known as HAU, is one of Asia's biggest agricultural universities, located at Hisar in the Indian state of Haryana. It is named after India's seventh Prime Minister, Chaudhary Charan Singh. It is a leader in agricultural research in India and contributed significantly to Green Revolution and White Revolution in India in the 1960s and 70s. It has a very large campus and has several research centres throughout the state. It won the Indian Council of Agricultural Research's Award for the Best Institute in 1997. HAU was initially a campus of Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana. After the formation of Haryana in 1966, it became an autonomous institution on February 2, 1970 through a Presidential Ordinance, later ratified as Haryana and Punjab Agricultural Universities Act, 1970, passed by the Lok Sabha on March 29, 1970. A. L. Fletcher, the first Vice-Chancellor of the university, was instrumental in its initial growth.
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ThesisItem Open Access Genetic divergence and stability studies in fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.)(CCSHAU, Hisar, 2023-02) Chauhan, Ajay; Tehlan, Suresh KumarThe present investigation entitled “Genetic divergence and Stability studies in fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.)” consisted of 50 fenugreek genotypes grown over eight environments during Rabi 2018-19 and 2019-20 in three replications. The characterization was done on the basis of 19 morpho-physiological traits to assess the genetic variability, heritability, genetic advance, to estimate the mutual correlations and path analysis and genetic divergence. An estimate of G×E interaction and stability analysis was done by using AMMI biplot model. These fenugreek genotypes under study contains ample amount of genetic variability so that these genotypes can be used in fenugreek breeding programs. In correlation studies, number of pods per plant, biological yield per plant and harvest index had highest degree of positive association with seed yield per plant over the different environment conditions. The main contributors to seed yield was harvest index, seed vigor index-1, standard germination percentage, number of pods per plant and biological yield per plant that showed maximum positive direct effect towards yield over the different environment conditions. According AMMI biplot analysis, genotypes JFG 224, LFC 90, HM 257-1-1, HM 362, HM 346, GM 2, JFG 80, AFG 8, LFC 72, UM 305, JFG 181, K. Gold and K. Silver were the most stable genotypes corresponding to different traits that could be used by breeders for further improvement in seed yield. Genotypes namely UM 301, JFG 180, NDM 79, HM 346, LFC 90, HM 257-1, RMT 361, HM 273, K. Silver, LFC 72, LFC 90 and RM 204 showed lowest DSI over different conditions represents that these are less affected by water stress at both the stages. Overall data gathered from this particular experiment helpful for determination of yield stability, provides estimation and prediction about yield and the pattern of genotypic response across environments; and at last provides reliable guidance for selecting the best genotypes for planting in future years and at new areas.ThesisItem Open Access Screening of rootstocks against rootknot nematode (Meloidogyne spp.) for grafting in tomato(CCSHAU, Hisar, 2023-10) Yadav, Renu; Bhatia, A.K.An investigation on “Screening of rootstocks against root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne spp.) for grafting in tomato” was carried out at Research Farm and Laboratory of the Department of Vegetable Science in collaboration with the Department of MBBB and the Department of Nematology, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar in which tomato genotypes were screened for tomato grafting. On the basis of molecular screening of rootstocks for nematode resistance, genotypes, viz., TR-1, TR-3, TR-4, TR-5, TR-27 and TR-28 were found to have resistant genes, while moderately resistant reaction against the root-knot nematode in screen-house condition was obtained in genotypes TR-5, TR-21, TR-27 and TR-28 with 19.00, 29.33, 25.00 & 21.67 number of galls and 13.33, 23.33, 21.00 & 15.67 number of egg masses per root system, respectively. On the basis of both the screenings, three genotypes i.e., TR-5, TR-27 and TR- 28 were used as rootstocks for grafting in tomato scion i.e., Hisar Arun. Among the different grafted combinations, self-grafted scion & rootstocks, T1 (Hisar Arun grafted onto Rootstock TR-5) and T3 (Hisar Arun grafted onto Rootstock TR-28) performed better in the screen-house and nematode infested field conditions for growth, quality, yield and nematode multiplication parameters. Grafting improved growth, yield (253.11q/ha and 241.11 q/ha) and quality (TSS-5.13°B and 6.77°B, Ascorbic acid- 21.29 mg/100g and 22.32mg/100g) parameters significantly in both spring-summer and winter season, respectively in tomato. It also decreased number of galls (81.91% and 83.16%), egg masses (82.69% and 82.65%) and final nematode population (84.80% and 86.11%) in both spring-summer and winter season, respectively when grown in nematode infested conditions. However, selection of rootstock plays utmost important role to defend the superior results of grafting over non-grafted scion (viz. T2 had lesser growth and yield than T1 & T3 grafted combinations and most of the parameters were at par with non-grafted scion due to stunted and less vigorous behavior of TR-27, although it was nematode resistant like TR-5 and TR- 28). Hence, grafting on promising rootstock with desirable character can offer an eco-friendly solution for tomato cultivation in nematode infested fields/polyhouses.ThesisItem Open Access Effect of drip irrigation and nitrogen fertigation on growth, seed yield and quality of fennel (Foeniculum vulgare Mill)(CCSHAU, Hisar, 2023-08) Akash; Malik, T. P.The field experiment was conducted at Vegetable Research Farm, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar to study the effect of different level of drip irrigation and nitrogen fertigation on growth of fennel crop during the Rabi season of 2021-22 and 2022-23. The experiment material comprised of two fennel varieties i.e., HF-143 and Hisar Swarup as main plot treatment, four levels of irrigation scheduling viz., I1-0.6 IW/CPE, I2-0.8 IW/CPE, I3-1.0 IW/CPE and I4-1.2 IW/CPE ratio as sub plot treatments and three nitrogen levels i.e., N1-20 kg ha-1, N2-35 kg ha-1 and N3-50 kg ha-1 as sub-sub plot replicated thrice were undertaken using drip fertigation. All the treatment combinations were evaluated under split-split plot design for different growth parameters. The application of irrigation scheduled at 1.2 IW/CPE recorded significantly higher values for growth parameters which was at par with 1.0 IW/CPE i.e., plant height, number of branches per plant and days to 50% flowering minimum at 0.6 IW/CPE over other irrigation scheduling in HF-143 variety. Nitrogen levels @ 50 kg ha-1 recorded significantly maximum plant height, number of branches per plant. Days to 50% flowering was recorded maximum at nitrogen level 20 kg ha-1 in HF-143 variety. From the current study it was concluded that fennel variety i.e. HF-143 was found superior with respect to growth parameter when grown at irrigation scheduling 1.0 IW/CPE and 50 kg/ha of nitrogen level in the western region of Haryana.ThesisItem Open Access Genetic variability and heterosis studies for morphological and fruit yield traits in okra(CCSHAU, Hisar, 2023-08) Shubham; Dhankhar, S. K.A field experiment entitled “Genetic variability and heterosis studies for morphological and fruit yield traits in okra” was conducted at Research Farm of the Department of Vegetable Science, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar during spring-summer and rainy season of 2022 using line x tester mating design with a view to study the extent of heterosis, GCV and PCV in advance inbred lines of okra and to find out correlation and path coefficients for fruit yield and its attributes. The experimental material comprised of twenty-one genetically diverse genotypes of okra involving twenty lines and one tester (HB-MS-1 Line) and standard check HBH-142. These lines and tester were crossed using line x tester mating design during spring-summer season of 2022, to produce twenty F1 crosses. Analysis of variance for different quantitative characters studied during the experimentation indicated highly significant differences among the parents, crosses and commercial check at 5% and 1% level of significance. In terms of yield per hectare, four crosses viz., HB-MS-1 X HB-20-3-4, HB-MS-1 X HB-11-3-4, HB-MS-1 HBTC-6-1-2, and HB-MS-1 x H.U showed significant positive economic heterosis over the standard check HBH-142 for yield and its contributing characters. Maximum phenotypic and genotypic variability was recorded for the trait plant height, first fruit node, fruits per plant, number of branches per plant and inetrnodal length. High estimates of heritability along with high genetic advance as percent mean was observed for plant height, first fruit node, fruits per plant, number of branches per plant and inetrnodal length. Fruit yield per plant were found to have positive correlation with with plant height, number of branches, fruit length, fruit diameter, fruits per plant, and negatively correlated with days to 50 percent flowering, internodal length, first fruit node.ThesisItem Open Access Molecular diversity, combining ability and heterosis studies in tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.)(CCSHAU, Hisar, 2023-08) Tejinder Singh; Bora, LilaThe experiment was conducted at Regional Research Station, Uchani, Karnal, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar during Rabi 2021 and Rabi 2022. The analysis of variance for the conducted study revealed highly significant differences among lines, testers and crosses for all morpho-phenological, yield, and fruit quality characters studied, revealing the presence of highly significant variability in these tomato genotypes. GCV were slightly lower than respective PCV for almost all the characters under study, indicating that these were primarily consequence of genotypic differences. High heritability coupled with high genetic advance was found for all the traits except then the days to last picking, equatorial diameter, acidity, ascorbic acid and specific gravity etc. GCV as well as PCV was found high for the traits plant height, number of branches per plant, weight of marketable fruits per plant, weight of unmarketable fruits per plant, yield per plant, yield per hectare and number of locules per plant. The genotype K. Aman in lines and genotype K. Hemant in tester were found to be the best general combiner for yield and its attributing traits while for the quality traits A. Vikas in lines and Sel-7 in tester were found to be the best general combiners. Therefore, these lines and testers might be used as promising parents for hybridization programmes. The maximum average heterosis for the yield per hectare was showed by the F1 genotype K. Aman x Sel-7 followed by K. Aman x Sel-7 and K. Aman x K. Hemant. Maximum heterobeltiosis for the yield was showed by the genotype K. Aman x K. Hemant followed by the K. Aman x PHS. Out of 30 cross combinations, 21 crosses showed the positive economic heterosis over national standard check A. Apeksha, maximum economic heterosis was showed by the K. Aman x K. Hemant followed by K. Aman x PHS and P. Gourav x K. Hemant. The crosses viz., K. Aman x PHS, K.Aman x K. Hemant showed desirable heterosis for weight of marketable fruits per plant (g), weight of unmarketable fruits per plant (g), yield per plant and yield per hectare (q) etc. The yield per plant (g) and yield per hectare (q) were found to be significantly positively correlated with days to 50% flowering, days to first picking, days to last picking, weight of unmarketable fruits per plant and weight of marketable fruits per plant. The trait total soluble solids is significantly negatively correlated with plant height, days to 50% flowering, days to last picking, weight of marketable fruits per plant, weight of unmarketable fruit per plant and early fruit yield per plant. All the 10 primers were found polymorphic and amplified overall 30 alleles in which 22 alleles were polymorphic displaying clear bands size differences.ThesisItem Open Access Characterization and variability studies in ridge gourd genotypes(CCSHAU, Hisar, 2023-10) Karande Priyanka Jalindar; Makhan LalThe present study entitled “Characterization and variability studies in ridge gourd genotypes” was conducted at the Research Farm of the Department of Vegetable Science, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar. Forty ridge gourd genotypes were used as experimental material and evaluated according to the objectives of the study during the last week of February and the second week of March of 2022 and 2023 to assess the performance of morphological characterization, genetic variability, correlation and path co-efficient analysis of various traits. The study involved determining morphological traits of ridge gourd such as vine, leaf, flower, fruit and seed traits. A list of fifteen morphological descriptors was taken from NBPGR guidelines and applied for characterization. The study performed ANOVA, mean performance and variability on the data for quantitative traits using R software. The doebioresearch package was used for RBD design and the variability package was used for variability studies. The study confirmed the effects as significant at the 5% level. Considerable variability for morphological characters (fifteen) and quantitative characters (twenty-two) was observed for this study. The high morphological variation observed for the traits plant growth habit, leaf shape, leaf blade: Number of lobes, fruit shape and fruit ridge shape in all the genotypes, while for the quantitative traits, among all the genotypes of ridge gourd observed in the last week of February and second week of March in 2022 and 2023, the genotype T17 (IC-345576) was recorded superior for fruit yield and its contributing traits followed by the genotypes T16 (IC-341161) and T15 (IC-341122). The traits namely days to 50% germination, number of primary branches per vine, days to first male and female flower opening, days to first fruit harvest, number of fruits per vine, fruit diameter, number of seeds per fruit, fruit yield per vine and per hectare exhibited considerable variability in terms of GCV, PCV, heritability and genetic advance as per cent of mean in the last week of February and second week of March in 2022 and 2023, respectively. Correlation and path analysis studies indicated that the days to first male and female flower opening, days to first fruit harvest, number of fruits per vine, average fruit weight and fruit yield per vine recorded positive significant effect on fruit yield per hectare and these characters can be considered for improvement of fruit yield by various breeding programmes.ThesisItem Open Access Response of nitrogen and foliar spray of nano urea in sponge gourd [Luffa cylindrica (L.) Roem.](CCSHAU, Hisar, 2023-08-07) Swagat Ranjan Behera; Duhan, D.S.A field experiment entitled “Response of nitrogen and foliar spray of nano urea in sponge gourd [Luffa cylindrica (L.) Roem.]” was conducted at the Research Farm of the Department of Vegetable Science, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar during the spring-summer seasons of 2022 and 2023 to study the effect various nitrogen and nano urea doses on growth, yield, quality and nitrogen use efficiency of sponge gourd crop and economics of the treatments. The experiment was laid out in split plot design with three replications. The main plot treatments comprised two genotypes (Pusa Chikni and Phule Prajakta) and the subplot treatments comprised ten different nitrogen and nano urea doses [N1: RDF (50 kg N, 25 kg P2O5 and 25 kg K2O per ha); N2: Two foliar sprays of nano urea @ 2 ml/L at flowering and fruiting time; N3: Two foliar sprays of nano urea @ 4 ml/L at flowering and fruiting time; N4: 75% RDN + Two foliar sprays of nano urea @ 2 ml/L at flowering and fruiting time; N5: 75% RDN + Two foliar sprays of nano urea @ 4 ml/L at flowering and fruiting time; N6: 75% RDN + One foliar spray of nano urea @ 4 ml/L at fruiting time; N7: 50% RDN + Two foliar sprays of nano urea @ 2 ml/L at flowering and fruiting time; N8: 50% RDN + Two foliar sprays of nano urea @ 4 ml/L at flowering and fruiting time; N9: 50% RDN + One foliar spray of nano urea @ 4 ml/L at fruiting time and N10: Control]. Between the two genotypes, Pusa Chikni recorded higher values for growth parameters (vine length at 60 DAS, 90 DAS and at final harvest; number of primary branches per vine and internodal length), number of fruits per plant, fruit yield per plant, yield per hectare and crop duration, and performed better in terms of earliness with respect to days to 50 per cent flowering, days to first male and female flower opening, nodes to first male and female flower and days to first fruit harvest in both the years of study. On the other hand, Phule Prajakta registered higher values for length, diameter and average weight of fruit, quality parameters (TSS content in fruit, and nitrogen and protein content in plant and fruit) and available soil nitrogen after final harvest. Among the various nitrogen and nano urea doses, treatment N5 (75% RDN + Two foliar sprays of nano urea @ 4 ml/L at flowering and fruiting time) proved to be the best in terms of overall growth, yield and quality parameters, and nitrogen use efficiency of the crop. From economics point of view, the highest gross returns, net returns and benefit-cost ratio were realized under treatment N5 (75% RDN + Two foliar sprays of nano urea @ 4 ml/L at flowering and fruiting time) in both the years of investigation.
