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Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar

Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University popularly known as HAU, is one of Asia's biggest agricultural universities, located at Hisar in the Indian state of Haryana. It is named after India's seventh Prime Minister, Chaudhary Charan Singh. It is a leader in agricultural research in India and contributed significantly to Green Revolution and White Revolution in India in the 1960s and 70s. It has a very large campus and has several research centres throughout the state. It won the Indian Council of Agricultural Research's Award for the Best Institute in 1997. HAU was initially a campus of Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana. After the formation of Haryana in 1966, it became an autonomous institution on February 2, 1970 through a Presidential Ordinance, later ratified as Haryana and Punjab Agricultural Universities Act, 1970, passed by the Lok Sabha on March 29, 1970. A. L. Fletcher, the first Vice-Chancellor of the university, was instrumental in its initial growth.

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Subject: Textile and Apparel Designing × Author: Sood, Anjali × End date: 2014 × Start date: 2012 × Type: Thesis × Thesis Type: Ph.D ×
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Application of Herbal Extracts on Covering Fabric of Sanitary Napkins for Bacterial Resistance
    (CCSHAU, 2014) Sood, Anjali; Khambra, Krishna
    The present research was carried out to prepare antibacterial herbal extracts for application on the covering fabric of sanitary napkins. To achieve the objectives proposed in research plan, antibacterial efficacy of the aqueous and methanolic extracts of 17 plants were tested against Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas spp. by Disc Diffusion Method. Aqueous extracts of three plants viz. Eucalyptus citriodora, Pinus roxburghii and Woodfordia fructicosa were selected for application on the three selected fabrics on the basis of maximum zone of inhibition exhibited against the test bacteria. Repeated maceration (triple percolation) of the plant material resulted in higher yield of the herbal extracts. The conditions for applying the herbal extracts on the fabrics were optimized on the basis of the bacterial resistance efficacy of the variables tested by AATCC Test Method 100. The 9 percent concentration of herbal extracts exhibited the lowest bacterial count of test bacteria. The MLR 1:15 to 1:20 showed in highest bacterial resistance, 5 and 6 percent concentration of citric acid resulted in lower bacterial load and lowest bacterial count was observed at 30 minutes of treatment time on all the fabrics treated with all the three herbal extracts. The treated fabrics were dried and cured at optimum temperature for optimum duration for obtaining high bacterial resistance. All the treated fabrics exhibited 99.96 to 99.99 percent reduction in the bacterial count of Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas spp. after the application of herbal extracts of Eucalyptus citriodora, Pinus roxburghii and Woodfordia fructicosa under standardized conditions. Highest antibacterial efficacy on the herbal treated fabrics was observed with Pinus roxburghii extract on all the fabrics. The herbal treated fabrics were tested for physical and performance properties and it was observed that the fabric count (woven), fabric weight, thickness and bending length of treated fabrics increased after application of all the three extracts whereas the bulk, air permeability and wettability of the treated fabrics decreased after application of the herbal extracts. The treated fabrics were tested for skin allergies by administering test patches of 1x1inch size on the back of 30 volunteers for 48 hours. No allergic reaction was observed at the test sites on the back of the respondents immediately on removal of the test patches and even after 48 hours of the removal of the patches. The treated fabrics were stored in the standard packing material for a period of six months and no considerable change in the bacterial resistance property and air permeability was observed in the herbal treated stored fabrics was observed when compared with the properties of the treated fabrics before storage. The herbal treated fabrics also did not cause any allergy to the respondents on whom the patch test for skin allergies was administered after a storage period of six months. The cost of the herbal treated fabric was found to be less than one rupee per covering fabric of sanitary napkin made from cotton, polyester or polypropylene fabric. The cost of treating polypropylene fabric was lowest as compared to other fabrics and treating with extract of Eucalyptus citriodora was lowest than other two herbal extracts. It was concluded that aqueous extracts of Eucalyptus citriodora, Pinus roxburghii and Woodfordia fructicosa leaves are safe and economical to provide antibacterial protection on cotton, polyester and polypropylene covering fabrics of sanitary napkins.