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Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar

Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University popularly known as HAU, is one of Asia's biggest agricultural universities, located at Hisar in the Indian state of Haryana. It is named after India's seventh Prime Minister, Chaudhary Charan Singh. It is a leader in agricultural research in India and contributed significantly to Green Revolution and White Revolution in India in the 1960s and 70s. It has a very large campus and has several research centres throughout the state. It won the Indian Council of Agricultural Research's Award for the Best Institute in 1997. HAU was initially a campus of Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana. After the formation of Haryana in 1966, it became an autonomous institution on February 2, 1970 through a Presidential Ordinance, later ratified as Haryana and Punjab Agricultural Universities Act, 1970, passed by the Lok Sabha on March 29, 1970. A. L. Fletcher, the first Vice-Chancellor of the university, was instrumental in its initial growth.

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2013 - 20143
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Subject: Soil Science × End date: 2014 × Start date: 2012 × Type: Thesis × Thesis Type: Ph.D ×
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Long-term effects of organic manures and fertilizers on soil organic carbon pools and nitrogen fractions
    (CCSHAU, 2013) Kumara, B.H.; Antil, R.S.
    An ongoing long-term experiment on the integrated nutrient management (FYM and fertilizer N) under pearl millet-wheat cropping sequence was selected which has been running at the research farm of CCS Haryana Agricultural University since October, 1967. The experimental treatments consisted of 3 levels of FYM at 15, 30 and 45 Mg ha-1 till 2007-08 and 5, 10 and 15 Mg ha-1 from 2008-09 onwards; there modes of application: every kharif crop (summer season), in every rabi crop (winter season) and in both (kharif and rabi) the crops. An absolute control with application of FYM in any of the seasons was maintained as control. These 10 treatments (3 FYM levels X 3 modes of application + 1 FYM control) were allocated in the main plots and each main plot was subdivided into 3 sub-plots receiving fertilizer N at 0 and 120 kg N ha-1 in each season through urea using split plot design. Keeping the results of the above long-term experiment in mind, another long-term experiment was planned in 1995, to test/validate the results of above experiments by using different kinds of organic manures in combination with fertilizers under pearl millet-wheat cropping system. The experiment was laid out with the following treatments in a randomized block design with three replications; 75 kg N + 30 Kg P2O5 ha-1, 150 kg N + 60 Kg ha-1 P2O5 ha-1, 15 Mg FYM ha-1, 15 Mg FYM + 150 kg N ha-1, 15 Mg FYM + 150 kg N+30 Kg P2O5 ha-1, 5 Mg poultry manure ha-1, 5 Mg poultry manure +150 kg N+30 Kg P2O5 ha-1, 7.5 Mg press mud ha-1, 7.5 Mg press mud +75 kg N + 30 Kg P2O5 ha-1, 7.5 Mg press mud +150 kg N + 30 Kg P2O5 ha-1. The changes in soil organic C fractions (DOC, MBC, LFC and HFC) and N fractions (acid insoluble-N, hydrolysable NH3-N, amino acid-N, amino sugar-N, hydrolysable unknown-N and total hydrolysable-N) were more dynamic in various treatments consisting of modes and levels of FYM and fertilizer N. A significant increase in soil organic C pools and N fractions when FYM applied at 15 Mg ha-1 followed by 10 and 5 Mg ha-1. Highest increase in soil organic C pools and N fractions were noticed when 15 Mg FYM ha-1 was applied along with 120 kg N ha-1 in both the seasons compared to applied in rabi or kharif seasons. Increased organic C, available macro (N, P and K) and micronutrients (Zn, Mn, Fe and Cu) and concentration of nutrients (NPK) contents were affected by the degree of change from the historical (43 years of experiments) amendment of FYM in different modes and levels of the intervention and fertilizer N levels. Increase in organic C, available N, P, K, Zn, Mn, Fe and Cu, and concentration of nutrients contents was obsreved, when FYM applied at 15 Mg ha-1 followed by 10 and 5 Mg ha-1 and highest were noticed when FYM applied in both the seasons compared to applied either in rabi or kharif season. Continuous application of organic manures alone or in conjunction with NP fertilizer for 16 years led to resulted increase in the contents of various pools/form of organic C and N. The highest organic C and N fractions were recorded with 15 Mg FYM+150 kg N + 30 Kg P2O5 ha-1. The build-up of organic C and N fractions and nutrient contents were higher in surface (0-15 cm) soil as compare to sub-surface (15-30 and 30-45 cm) soil. Application of FYM along with NP fertilizers led to the greatest increase in various organic N fractions followed by pressmud and poultry manure. Organic C, available N, P, K, Zn, Mn, Fe and Cu contents of the soil decreased from its initial value, when only NP fertilizers were applied and increased significantly with the application of organic manures applied alone or applied in conjunction with NP fertilizers. Application of organic manures (FYM, pressmud and poultry manure) along with NP fertilizers produced significantly higher grain yield of pearl millet and wheat. Integrated use of fertilizers with organic manures maintained the sustainability of the pearl millet-wheat cropping system.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Assessment of greenhouse gas mitigation potential of conservation agriculture practices under rice-wheat cropping system
    (CCSHAU, 2014) Vivek Shankar; Grewal, M.S.
    This experiment was initiated in a farmer s participatory mode at Karnal, Haryana with the specific objectives to assess GHG (CH4, N2O and CO2) mitigation potential of conservation agriculture practices in rice-wheat cropping system under contrasting establishment systems and to study the effect of inorganic Nitrogen fertilization application on GHG fluxes from rice wheat cropping system. The location for conducting the experiment was chosen in the village Taraori (N 29°48 35; E 76°55 16) in Karnal district of Haryana, which was under rice-wheat rotation continuously since past 15 years. The experiment was installed in the year 2011 on a soil classified as clay loam texture. The experiment consisted of different TCE & residues and nitrogen levels system with a splitplot experimental design with three replicates. GHGs fluxes were monitored using an opaque chamber manual sampling system. At each sampling date, GHG samples were collected at 0, 10, 20 and 30 minutes interval from each gas chamber. Collected samples were analyzed for GHGs fluxes using a Bruker Gas Chromatograph equipped with Thermal conductivity detector (TCD), Flame ionization detector (FID) and Electron Capture Detector (ECD). For the first year rice crop, statistically non-significant CH4-C emissions were recorded across the three TCE methods. For PTR treatments, cumulative emission of 14.27 kg CH4-C ha-1 was observed, which was very high than that recorded for the DSR-R and DSR+R treatments, as 3.97 and 3.36 kg CH4-C ha-1. However for the second year (2012) rice crop, significant difference was observed amongst the three main plot treatments. Cumulative emissions for PTR treatments of 20.83 kg CH4-C ha-1 was statistically different and higher than that from the DSR-R and DSR+R treatments, whose observed values were 0.54 and 3.98 kg CH4-C ha-1, respectively. For the first year of wheat crop (2011- 12) total cumulative emission from the ZTW-R treatment was 0.29 kg N2O-N ha-1, which was very low as compared to the CTW and ZTW+R treatments. For the CTW treatment, cumulative N2O-N emission was 0.29 kg ha-1, while for ZTW+R treatment, cumulative N2O-N emission was 0.30 kg ha-1. For the second crop of wheat (2012-13), cumulative emission from the ZTW-R treatment was 1.00 kg N2O-N ha-1, which was very high as compared to the CTW and ZTW+R treatments. For the CTW treatment, cumulative N2O-N emission was 0.72 kg ha-1, while for ZTW+R treatment, cumulative N2O-N emission was 0.90 kg ha-1. For rice crop, (2011), the GWP values for the main plot treatments differed significantly, with PTR plots recording a GWP of 10.09 tons of CO2-eq/yr, which was higher as compared to the two notill plots i.e. DSR-R and DSR+R treatments, which recorded a value of 7.58 and 7.28 tons of CO2- eq/yr, respectively. For the second year rice crop (2012), the GWP values for the main plot treatments did not differed significantly with each other. The GWP values for PTR treatments were higher than that for the no till treatments. PTR plots recorded a GWP of 10.92 tons of CO2-eq/yr, which was higher as compared to the two no-till plots i.e. DSR-R and DSR+R treatments, which recorded a value of 10.40 and 10.46 tons of CO2-eq/yr, respectively. For the first crop of wheat (2011-12), although, TCE methods remained non significant, there had been quite obvious differences in the GWP for CTW, ZTW-R and ZTW+R treatments. CTW recorded the highest GWP of 7.75 tons of CO2-eq/yr, as compared to 6.76 tons of CO2-eq/yr, GWP forZTW-R treatment. The ZTW+R treatment recorded the lowest GWP value of 6.54 tons of CO2-eq/yr. similar trend was followed by the second year wheat crop (2012-13) too. CTW recorded the highest GWP of 10.41 tons of CO2-eq/yr, as compared to 9.81 tons of CO2-eq/yr, GWP for ZTW+R treatment.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Effect of integrated nutrient management on soil properties, wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) yield and residual effect on pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum L.)
    (CCSHAU, 2014) Kidane, Tadele Amdemariam; Mittal, S.B.
    A field experiment entitled “Effect of integrated nutrient management on soil properties, wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) yield and residual effect on pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum L.) was carry out at Soil Science Research Farm, Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar during 2011-12 and 2012-13 to investigate the impact of different combinations of fertilizers with manure and bio-fertilizers (N fixing bacteria-Azotobacter and P solubilizing bacteria (Phosphobacterium) on wheat productivity, soil physico-chemical properties and to study their residual effect on the subsequent pearl millet crop. The experiment was laid out in split-split plot design with three replications comprising four levels of manure (control; 20 t ha-1 FYM; 10 t ha-1 FYM+10 t ha-1 vermicompost; and 20 t ha-1 vermicompost) in main plot; three levels of fertilizers (no NPK; 50% of recommended NPK and full (100%) recommended NPK) in sub plots and two levels of bio-fertilizes i.e., no inoculation and Azotobacter + phosphate solubilizing bacteria used as seed inoculants in sub-sub plots. Treatments were applied to wheat and the residual effects were studied on pearl millet. Results showed that, in wheat, significantly higher plant height, seeds/spike, 1000-seeds weight and effective tillers/m were registered in treatment VC20+NPK100 which was at par with FYM20+NPK100 for 1000-seed weight and plant height. Sole application of fertilizer gave at par results to VC20+NPK50 for plant height, effective tillers/m, seeds/spike and 1000-seed weight. Treatment VC20+NPK100, [VC10+FYM10]+NPK100 and FYM20+NPK100 were at par and gave significantly higher grain and straw yields of wheat over other treatments. Bio-fertilizer (Azo+PSB) significantly increased the yield attributing characteristics and the grain and straw yields of wheat. Uptakes of N, P and K by wheat were significantly varied with treatments and for a given level of manure, an increase in the level of NPK led to a significant increase in the content and uptake of these nutrients. Application of NPK100 without manure was at par with FYM20+NPK50. [VC10+FYM10] + NPK50 and VC20+NPK50 treatments for N and P uptake by the crop. Use of manure alone, whether as VC or FYM or their mix, was significantly inferior to the combined application of manure and NPK fertilizer for N, P and K content and uptake in wheat. Integration of manure, fertilizer and bio-fertilizer significantly improved the DTPA extractable micronutrients and their uptake by wheat. Bio-fertilizer use caused significantly higher total N, P, K and micronutrient uptake over the BF0. Soil pH and EC tended to decrease with the increase in organic carbon supply and lower values were recorded in FYM20 and NPK100 treatments while the higher were in FYM/VC0 and NPK0 treatment. Considering manure and NPK fertilizer, significantly higher available N, P and K and DTPA extractable micronutrients were obtained in VC20 and NPK100 treatments. Combined use manure and full fertilizer recommendations (FYM20+NPK100,[VC10+FYM10] + NPK100, and VC20+NPK100) showed significantly higher maximum soil moisture holding capacity (MSWHC), water stable soil aggregate (WSA) and hydraulic conductivity (HC). MSWHC, HC and WSA were lower in FYM/VC0+NPK100 while this treatment showed higher soil bulk density. Results on residual effect of INM applied in the preceding wheat to pearl millet showed that pearl millet grain and straw yields were significantly influenced by the residual effects of manure, fertilizer and bio-fertilizer and higher results were obtained in treatment FYM20, FYM10+VC10, and VC20. Considering manure and fertilizer, higher grain and straw yields were recorded in residuals of FYM10+VC10 and NPK100 and lower yields were recorded in FYM/VC0 and NPK0 treatment. Significantly higher available N, P and K and DTPA extractable Mn, Fe, Cu and Zn were recorded in plots that received 20 tons of manure in the preceding wheat while the lower values were found in FYM/VC0 treatment. The MSMHC, HC and WSA values were significantly improved due to the interaction effect of manure and fertilizer and higher percentage of MSMHC, HC and WSA were observed in FYM20+NPK100 treatment.