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Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar

Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University popularly known as HAU, is one of Asia's biggest agricultural universities, located at Hisar in the Indian state of Haryana. It is named after India's seventh Prime Minister, Chaudhary Charan Singh. It is a leader in agricultural research in India and contributed significantly to Green Revolution and White Revolution in India in the 1960s and 70s. It has a very large campus and has several research centres throughout the state. It won the Indian Council of Agricultural Research's Award for the Best Institute in 1997. HAU was initially a campus of Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana. After the formation of Haryana in 1966, it became an autonomous institution on February 2, 1970 through a Presidential Ordinance, later ratified as Haryana and Punjab Agricultural Universities Act, 1970, passed by the Lok Sabha on March 29, 1970. A. L. Fletcher, the first Vice-Chancellor of the university, was instrumental in its initial growth.

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  • ThesisItemOpen Access
    Studies on carbohydrate metabolism in wheat under drought and high temperature conditions
    (CCSHAU, 2017) Kirpa Ram; Munjal, Renu
    The present investigation was conducted to assess the effects of drought and heat stress conditions on carbohydrate accumulation and partitioning and identify physiological and biochemical traits related to accumulation and partitioning of carbohydrate under drought and heat stress conditions. The eight wheat genotypes (AKAW-3717, DHTW-60, C-306, HD-2967, HTW-11, WH-730 and WH- 1105) in RBD with 4 rows of 2m length with a 20×5 cm spacing within rows and plants respectively, were grown during rabi season of 2015-16 and 2016-17 at Field Research Area, Wheat & Barley Section, Department of Genetics & Plant Breeding. Effect of individual drought and high temperature and their combination on physiological, biochemical and yield parameters under timely, late and very late sown condition was studied. Reduction in response of drought and high temperature was observed in physiological parameters (relative water content, osmotic potential, water potential, chlorophyll content, chlorophyll florescence taken in flag leaf) and biochemical parameters (peduncle and penultimate internode) at anthesis and 15 days after anthesis. Reduction in physiological and biochemical parameters was more pronounced under D40+D65 and complete drought at 15 days after anthesis as compare to anthesis. Metabolite (glucose, fructose, sucrose, water soluble carbohydrate and cellulose) and enzyme (SuSy, INV, SBE, SDBE and AGPase) activity get reduced under drought and with combination of delayed sowing. Fast rate of decline both in peduncle and penultimate inter node was observed. Yield was found highly associated with physiological and biochemical behavior of stressed plant. Yield penalty was more in combination of delayed sowing and drought situation at different growth stage. Genotype DHTW-60, HD-2967 and WH-1105 found promising in overall performance under timely, late and very late with different drought & high temperature situation. Carbohydrate metabolic & enzymatic traits with water relation & chlorophyll related traits are best traits for selection of drought and high temperature tolerant genotype.
  • ThesisItemOpen Access
    Characterization of recombinant inbred wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) lines for heat tolerance using physiological traits and molecular markers
    (CCSHAU, 2017) Sunita; Munjal, Renu
    A mapping population of eighty lines derived from the cross between WH1021 (heat tolerant) × WH711 (heat susceptible) were genotyped and phenotyped under timely and late sown during 2015-16 and 2016-17 crop seasons. The present investigation was conducted to evaluate the various morpho-physiological traits, their association with each other and to explore of the SSR markers related with heat tolerance during terminal heat stress. Data were recorded for various morphological traits including plant height and stem solidness at 70 and 100 days after sowing, number of days to heading, number of days to maturity, number of tillers per plant, spike length (cm), number of spikelets per spike, grain yield per plant (g), biological yield per plant (g), number of grains per spike, 100-grain weight (g) and physiological traits observations were recorded at anthesis and 10 days after anthesis including canopy temperature, transpiration rate, photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, intrinsic water use efficiency, chlorophyll content and NDVI. HSI for grain yield was determined for heat stress effect assessment. Analysis of variance showed significant variation among genotypes and reveal the genetic diversity among RILs. CTAB method was used for DNA isolation. Total ninety four markers were used to detect polymorphism in parents out of which parental polymorphism was found 23.5%. Genetic diversity analysis of RILs and parents was done using NT SYS-pc software based on twenty two SSRs and Linkage map constructed using these 22 polymorphic markers consist of seven linkage groups. Composite interval mapping (CIM) identified 14 quantitative trait loci (QTL) with significant phenotypic variation. Out of fourteen QTLs two QTLs were detected for plant height at 70 days after sowing , two for days to heading, two for days to maturity, two for photosynthetic rate, one for transpiration rate, four for intrinsic water use efficiency (iWUE) and one for NDVI. Out of these QTL and photosynthetic rate were consistent and stable over the condition and year respectively. Photosynthetic rate reported maximum phenotypic variation (78.13%) flanked by the two markers barc24 & Xgwm102 with an interval of 27.9 cM. Two QTLs for iWUE were also consistent and stable flanked by the markers Xgwm512 & Xgwm448 with 35.5 cM interval another Xgwm512 also flanked the another QTL for iWUE with 5.2 cM interval. These markers can be useful for the improvement through marker assisted selection for developing the better genotypes for heat tolerance.
  • ThesisItemOpen Access
    Physiological changes during storage of Kinnow as affected by chemical treatments
    (CCSHAU, 2017) Ahlawat, Pooja; Sandooja, J.K.
    Kinnow mandarin is an important fruit of India but is highly perishable and liable to be spoiled under ambient conditions. Present investigation was conducted to study the effect of post harvest treatments of Gum Arabic, Calcium Lactate and Glycerin on quality parameters and shelf life of Kinnow at room temperature. Physiological loss in weight and decay loss increased with increase in the period of storage, whereas opposite trend was observed in firmness, specific gravity and juice content in all the treatments. Quality parameters such as total soluble solids, total sugars, reducing sugars also increased up to 49 days of storage period. Acidity and ascorbic acid content decreased during storage in all treatments. Activities of cell wall degrading enzymes i.e. polygalacturonase (PG), pectin methyl esterase (PME) and cellulase enzymes increased linearly with the advancement of storage period in all treatments. Free radical scavenging activity (FRSA) decreased with increase in storage period in all treatments. All coatings were effective to maintain the quality of the kinnow fruits. However Gum Arabic 10% coating was the most effective to minimize the PLW, decay loss and maintained the quality parameters at all period of storage.
  • ThesisItemOpen Access
    Adaptive responses to water stress by nitric oxide (NO) in cotton (Gossypium spp.)
    (CCSHAU, 2017) Biswabiplab Singh; Sandooja, J.K.
    The present study was conducted in earthen pots containing 5kg dune sand, to evaluate physiological, biochemical and yield related attributes under PEG induced water stress and the adaptive responses of SNP in three cotton hybrids namely BG 6488 II, HHH-223 and AAH-1 under controlled screen house conditions. Plants were supplied with nutrient solution at regular intervals. PEG 20%, 40% and 60% water stress was induced after 60 days of sowing at reproductive stage. NO was applied in the form of SNP (250μM) in all the stressed and control plants. Observations were recorded on 3rd, 6th and 9th days after all the treatments were given. A significant decreasing trend in physiological parameters like total chlorophyll content, chlorophyll fluorescence, relative water content, photosynthetic and transpiration rate was clearly observed with 20%, 40% and 60% PEG induced water stress. Exogenous application of SNP through foliar spray was very much effective and increased the values of these parameters significantly in 20% PEG+SNP and 40% PEG+SNP but ineffective in 60% PEG treated plants. The cotton hybrid BG 6488 II performed relatively better with respect these parameters as compared to others. Due to the water stress, the H2O2 content, lipid peroxidation level and membrane injury % increased significantly from the control plants and maximum values were recorded in 60% PEG treated plants. SNP application was effective and decreased the values of these parameters significantly in 20% and 40% PEG treated plants but SNP was ineffective with 60% PEG. There were significant accumulation of osmolytes such as total soluble sugars, proline and total soluble proteins under PEG induced water stress and further increased in combination with 20% PEG+SNP and 40% PEG+SNP but ineffective with 60% PEG+SNP treatment. Yield and yield related attributes also significantly decreased by PEG water stress and SNP was found to mitigate the yield losses. The cotton hybrid BG 6488 II was found to perform relatively better as compared to others with respect to these physiological, biochemical and yield attributes studied.
  • ThesisItemOpen Access
    Physiological indices of drought tolerance in barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) genotypes
    (CCSHAU, 2017) Rajkumar; Sharma, K.D.
    To study the effect of irrigation levels on barley (Hordeum vulgare L.), twenty barley genotypes were evaluated under normal (Two irrigations at tillering and anthesis each) and restricted irrigation conditions (one irrigation at tillering) in concrete drought plots during the 2014-15 and 2015- 16 at the Crop physiology field area, Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agriculture University, Hisar. The experiments were laid out using RBD with three replications. The results from combined analysis of variance in both normal and restricted irrigation conditions indicated that there were significant differences among genotypes with regard to all the traits because of high variation among the genotypes. Drought stress decreased the phenological traits like days to flag leaf, days to heading, days to anthesis and days to physiological maturity. The significant reduction was observed in plant height, dry biomass, leaf area, LAI, LAD, SLA and CGR under restricted irrigation. Under restricted irrigation leaf water potential, osmotic potential, relative water content, CTD, chlorophyll stability, membrane stability, photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate, stomatal conductance and Fv/Fm also decreased in barley genotypes. On the other hand, there was an increase in free proline content, MDA content and enhancement of antioxidant defense system to scavenge excess ROS molecules to prevent cell from damage. The main antioxidant enzymes which showed altered activity were superoxide dismutase catalase, peroxidase and ascorbate peroxidise. Yield and its attributes were also reduced under restricted irrigation condition. The quality parameters i.e. protein content, husk content and malt yield were increased while β-Glucan content decreased under restricted irrigation. Finally, based on physiobiochemical traits, it was revealed that among the tested genotypes, BH 14-05 and BH 10-30 performed better in terms of physiological, biochemical and yield related traits under restricted irrigation condition. These results indicated that selecting more tolerant genotypes based on physiological traits was the way to overcome terminal water stress and can be used for further crop improvement programmes.
  • ThesisItemOpen Access
    Effect of sequential application of herbicides on weed control and yield of Kinnow
    (CCSHAU, 2017) Komal; Godara, R.K.
    The experiment entitled “Effect of sequential application of herbicides on weed control and yield of Kinnow” was conducted at Research Farm of the Department of Horticulture, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar during the year 2016 to find out the suitable herbicides and repeated application of herbicide mixture on weed control and nutrient content in plants as well as improvement in yield and quality of kinnow. The treatments comprising 13 levels of herbicides and their combination and nine levels of repeated application of herbicide mixtures were laid out in a randomized block design with three replications keeping a net plot size of 6.0 x 6.0 m separately. The data were recorded on various parameters,, which were influenced significantly by different levels of treatments. In repeated application of herbicide mixture, soil physico -chemical properties and nutrient status was not much changed during the time frame while, glyphosate +pendimethalin (1% + 1kg/ha) spray in April, June, August and October found best for all other parameters viz.,. yield, quality and weed parameters but it was costly and glyphosate +pendimethalin (1% + 1kg/ha) spray in April, June and August proves to be equally effective in yield and quality characters. Thus sprayof glyphosate +pendimethalin (1% + 1kg/ha) in April, June and August is best and economical for higher yield with quality fruit production at commercial scale. In efficacy of different herbicides, soil physico -chemical properties and nutrient status was not much changed during the time frame. However, mechanical weeding after 30, 60 and 90 DAT treatment found best for all other parameters viz.,. yield, quality and weed parameters while, in herbicidal treatments, pendimethalin + glyphosate (1 kg/ha + 1%) recorded best for the same. Mechanical weeding after 30, 60 and 90 DAT treatments gave the best results but it was very costly and herbicidal combination of pendimethalin + glyphosate (1 kg/ha + 1%) resulted almost similar to mechanical weeding treatment. Pendimethalin + glyphosate (1 kg/ha + 1%) found best and economical combination for commercial production of Kinnow with quality fruits under semi arid condition of Hisar (Haryana).
  • ThesisItemOpen Access
    Morpho-physiological screening for salinity tolerant genotypes in wheat [Triticum aestivum (L.)]
    (CCSHAU, 2017) Sharma, Sonu Kumari; Sandooja, J.K.
    The present study was conducted with 14 wheat genotypes {P-9109, P-9110, P-9111, P-9112, P-9113, P-9114, P-9115, P-9116, P-9117, P-9118, P-9119, P-9120, Kh-65, KRL-210 (Check)}to evaluate physiological and biochemical for lab condition and physiological, biochemical and yield related attributes for salinity tolerance in field conditions. For lab condition Seedlings of uniform size were selected and planted on germination paper were supplied with half strength of Hoagland nutrient solution alongwith 5 dSm-1 and 7.5 dSm-1 saline water in the beaker and seedling were grown for 14 and 21 days. Root length and shoot length decreased with increasing level of salinity among all genotypes under lab condition (14 & 21 days after germination). Root biomass and shoot biomass also decreased with increasing level of salinity among all genotypes under lab condition (14 & 21 days after germination). Salinity had deleterious effect in all the genotypes of wheat plants and due to the adverse effect of salinity on membrane injury and MDA content of the leaves which increased significantly from their respective control treatment in field (10 & 20 days after anthesis) as well as in lab conditions (14 & 21 days after germination). Chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, total chlorophyll content, carotenoid content and chlorophyll stability index decreased significantly with gradual increase in salinity levels in all the genotypes under field and lab conditions. Plant height and plant biomass also decreased with increasing level of salinity among all genotypes under field conditions. Grain weight/m2 and 1000 grain weight also decreased with increasing levels of salinity in all genotypes under field conditions. Minimum salt susceptibility index was observed in Kh-65 & KRL-210 and maximum salt susceptibility index was observed in genotype P-9118 & P-9119. Therefore, it is concluded that KRL-210 and Kh- 65(check) are the most resistant towards salinity followed by P-9117 whereas genotypes P-9118 and P- 9119 are the most susceptible genotypes.
  • ThesisItemOpen Access
    Physiological responses for salinity tolerance in Indian mustard (Brassica juncea)
    (CCSHAU, 2017) Sarita; Sandooja, J.K.
    In this study, 15 genotypes of Brassica juncea namely RH0673, RH0725, RH1462, RH1470, RH1472, RH1501, RH1504, RH1507, RH1512, RH1514, RH1520, RH1535, RH8812, RH9304, and RH0305 which have unknown response to salinity were screened for the selection of salinity tolerant genotypes. Seeds of these genotypes were raised in plastic trays having 3kg soil saturated with 0, 8, 10, 12 and 14dSm-1 salinity salts with water. On the basis of this experiment, genotypes RH0725 and RH1512 were salinity tolerant whereas, genotypes RH1520 and RH8812 were susceptible to salinity. These four genotypes were sown in pots having 5kg dune sand saturating by 0, 8, 10 and 12dSm-1 salinity salts with water, for further investigation of physiological responses. Salinity stress affected all physiological parameters. Some physiological parameters like total chlorophyll content, chlorophyll fluorescence, photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate, protein content etc reduced due to salinity applications both at vegetative and flowering stage. However, some parameters like electrolyte leakage, MDA content, total soluble sugars antioxidant enzymes (CAT and POX) activity increased by all salinity levels both at vegetative and flowering stage. Yield and yield attributes such as no. of siliqua/plant, no. of seeds/siliqua and 1000 seeds weight were also reduced by all levels of salinity. Under salinity, minimum reduction in photosynthetic rate, total chlorophyll content, transpiration rate, total soluble proteins etc and maximum increase in osmolytes such as total soluble sugars, proline content etc were observed in genotype RH1512. So, genotype RH1512 performed very well under all salinity levels. So, it is concluded that, genotype RH1512 was more salinity tolerant where RH8812 was comparatively more sensitive towards salinity.
  • ThesisItemOpen Access
    Evaluation of rhizobial isolates for physiological responses in mungbean (Vigna radiata L. wilczek) under rainfed conditions
    (CCSHAU, 2017) Sapna; Sharma, K.D.
    The study entitled, “Evaluation of rhizobial isolates for physiological responses in mungbean (Vigna radiata L. wilczek) under rainfed conditions” was conducted during kharif season of 2016 at drought plots of Crop Physiology field area, Department of Agronomy, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar. The experiment was laid out in factorial RBD consisting of two irrigation levels, i.e., rainfed (no post sowing irrigation) and two irrigations one each at pre-flowering and pod formation stage and four rhizobial isolates i.e. Recommended dose of fertilizer (RDF), RDF + Rhizobium sp. (Vigna) 703 + PSB strain P-36, RDF + MR 63, RDF + MR 54, RDF + MB 17a and RDF + MH 8b2 with three replications. Drought stress decreased the growth of mungbean in terms of plant height, dry matter accumulation and nodule number. However, treatment with rhizobial isolates increased the growth parameters under drought stress. All the plant water status parameters such as leaf water potential, RWC and CTD decreased under drought stress. Application of rhizobial treatments improved the plant water status under both environments. Gaseous exchange studies mainly rate of photosynthesis; transpiration and stomatal conductance get reduced under drought stress. Rhizobial treatments were more effective to brought consecutive improvement in gaseous exchange under drought. Membrane injury and canopy temperature enhanced under drought stress but rhizobial inoculation increased the membrane stability and decreased the canopy temperature. Biochemical metabolite such as chlorophyll, MSI (%) and leghaemoglobin declined under drought stress. Rhizobial treatments improved all the above biochemical metabolites. The nutrient composition i.e. nitrogen and phosphorus decreased in seed and straw under drought stress. Seed and biological yield reduced significantly due to decreased number of pods, number of branches and test weight under drought stress. Rhizobial treatment improved the yield and its attributes by maintaining plants water status and various physiological and biochemical processes. Rhizobial isolates MR 63 and MB 17a proved to be relatively more effective over other rhizobial strains under drought in mungbean.