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Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar

Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University popularly known as HAU, is one of Asia's biggest agricultural universities, located at Hisar in the Indian state of Haryana. It is named after India's seventh Prime Minister, Chaudhary Charan Singh. It is a leader in agricultural research in India and contributed significantly to Green Revolution and White Revolution in India in the 1960s and 70s. It has a very large campus and has several research centres throughout the state. It won the Indian Council of Agricultural Research's Award for the Best Institute in 1997. HAU was initially a campus of Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana. After the formation of Haryana in 1966, it became an autonomous institution on February 2, 1970 through a Presidential Ordinance, later ratified as Haryana and Punjab Agricultural Universities Act, 1970, passed by the Lok Sabha on March 29, 1970. A. L. Fletcher, the first Vice-Chancellor of the university, was instrumental in its initial growth.

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Subject: Plant Physiology × Author: Neelam Rani × End date: 2023 × Start date: 2023 ×
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Enhancing physiological efficiency and yield potential of Indian mustard using hydrogel and salicylic acid under rainfed condition
    (CCSHAU, Hisar, 2023-06) Neelam Rani; Neeraj Kumar
    The present investigation entitled ―Enhancing physiological efficiency and yield potential of indian mustard usinghydrogel and salicylic acid under rainfed condition‖ was conducted at the Department of Botany and Plant Physiology, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, India. The crop was grown in the Research Farm of Oilseeds Section, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, during two successive Rabi seasons of 2019-20 and 2020-21 which is situated at a latitude of 29° 10‘N and longitude 75° 46' E and altitude 215.2 m above main water level and falls within the semitropical region of Western zone of India. A field experiment was conducted to judge the effective dose of hydrogel , gond katira and salicylic acid for increasing the physiological processes, productivity, quality, and water-use efficiency of Indian mustard in rainfed conditions. The experiment consisted of 16 treatment combinations. Among these treatments, the application of hydrogel @ 5kg/ha + SA (200ppm) at the flowering and siliqua formation stage had a positive impact on the physiological processes of the crop under rainfed conditions. The data was recorded for growth, physiological, biochemical and yield parameters, which had a positive impact on the application of hydrogel and salicylic acid under rainfed conditions. The growth and phenology of Indian mustard are negatively affected by rainfed conditions. By applying hydrogel at a rate of 5kg/ha and SA at 200ppm during the flowering and siliqua formation stage, there was a significant increase of 12.8% in plant height, 5.6% in days to 50% flowering, and 9.3% in days to physiological maturity. The photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate, stomatal conductance, RWC, water potential, osmotic potential, quantum yield, CSI, and chlorophyll index were decreased by 51.4%, 88.1%, 86%, 27.4%, 25.7%, 28.3%, 35.6%, 39.6%, and 49.3%, respectively. In contrast, the anthocyanin index and flavonol index were increased by 78.7% and 33.7%, respectively, when compared to irrigated conditions. However, the application of hydrogel @ 5kg/ha + SA(200ppm) during the flowering and siliqua formation stage resulted in a significant improvement in photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate, stomatal conductance, RWC, water potential, osmotic potential, quantum yield, CSI, and chlorophyll index by 9.4%, 10%, 9.3%, 24.7%, 25.4%, 22%, 28.6%, 37%, 46.8%, respectively, with a decrease in anthocyanin index and flavonol index by 69.6% and 31%, respectively, when compared to other corresponding treatments. These results were supported by the biochemical results viz. H2O2, MDA, RSI, TSS, proline, glycine betaine, reduced ascorbate, and reduced glutathione content, antioxidant enzyme activities like SOD, CAT, and APX that decreased in treated plants as compared to their respective control, Meanwhile, there was an improvement in oxidized ascorbate and oxidized glutathione contents after applying hydrogel and salicylic acid which may be the contributing factors for yield increment. Yield attributes includethe number of primary and secondary branches, main shoot length, the number of siliqua, seeds per siliqua, 1000 seed weight, seed yield, biological yield, stover yield and harvest index decreases due to unavailability of water in the soil under normal conditions.However, the application of hydrogel at a rate of 5kg/ha combined with SA (200ppm) during the flowering and siliqua formation stage led to a significant increase in yield attributes by 43%, 23.7%, 23.5%, 82.7%, 32.2%, 15.2%, 15.4%, 14.2%, 13.3%, and 2.3% respectively, when compared to control treatment. When hydrogel at a rate of 5kg/ha is applied along with SA (200ppm) at flowering and siliqua formation stage over rainfed, higher soil moisture levels are maintained at all soil depths, including 0-15, 15-30, and 30-60 cm. From our results, it is concluded that hydrogel at a rate of 5kg/ha is applied along with SA (200ppm) at flowering and siliqua formation stage results in higher yields, with better physiological efficiencies as this concentration maintains the best plant water relations and source to sink strength which is self-explanatory in our results.