Thumbnail Image

Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar

Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University popularly known as HAU, is one of Asia's biggest agricultural universities, located at Hisar in the Indian state of Haryana. It is named after India's seventh Prime Minister, Chaudhary Charan Singh. It is a leader in agricultural research in India and contributed significantly to Green Revolution and White Revolution in India in the 1960s and 70s. It has a very large campus and has several research centres throughout the state. It won the Indian Council of Agricultural Research's Award for the Best Institute in 1997. HAU was initially a campus of Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana. After the formation of Haryana in 1966, it became an autonomous institution on February 2, 1970 through a Presidential Ordinance, later ratified as Haryana and Punjab Agricultural Universities Act, 1970, passed by the Lok Sabha on March 29, 1970. A. L. Fletcher, the first Vice-Chancellor of the university, was instrumental in its initial growth.

Browse

2012 - 20133
Reset filters
Subject: Nematology × End date: 2014 × Start date: 2012 × Type: Thesis ×
Reset filters

Search Results

Now showing 1 - 3 of 3
  • Thumbnail Image
    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Studies on bacterial parasite, pasteuria penetrans (Ex thorne) sayre & starr on root-knot nematode, meloidogyne javanica (Treub) chitwood
    (CCSHAU, 2012) Matcha, Udaya Kumar; Walia, R.K.
    Influence of root exudates (REs) and cell free plant root extracts (CFPREs) of brinjal, cowpea, cluster bean, garden bean, okra and tomato was tested on the germination of Pasteuria penetrans endospores. REs and CFPRE of all the plant species did not induce the germination of P. penetrans endospore. In garden bean CFPRE, cauliflower-like colonies similar to P. penetrans were observed in endospore suspension treated with alcohol. In all the treatments rod-shaped lumps of bacteria were evident; they may be contaminants because intact endospores of P. penetrans were also present. Based on a laboratory bioassay, a statistical model was developed for the estimation of P. penetrans endospores in field soils. The regression equation y= 0.045x + 3.779 with R2 = 0.89 was calculated for M. javanica. In a green-house experiment, the role of P. penetrans in the suppression of M. javanica was estimated in naturally infested field soil. Field soil was steam sterilised or treated with formalin/fungicides. Formalin and Bavistin proved to be phytotoxic. P. penetrans alone infected 87.5% nematode females and reduced egg production by ca. ten times. Native fungal and bacteria promoted attachment of P. penetrans endospores but inhibited parasitisation of nematode females by P. penetrans in untreated soil. The development of P. penetrans under open-field and poly-house (ordinary and hi-tech) conditions was studied in winter season. Poly-houses (both ordinary and hi-tech) enabled raising the maximum temperature by 10-12 °C during day time, but there were negligible differences in the minimum temperatures. M. javanica completed it life cycle (females with egg sacs) in 60 days in hi-tech, 70 days in ordinary poly-house and 80 days in open-field conditions. P. penetrans development could not keep pace with that of nematode and it stopped at thallus stage. No mature endospores were found. P. penetrans failed to curtail the reproduction of M. javanica even in hi-tech poly-house, although infection did take place.
  • Thumbnail Image
    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Bio-efficacy of bacterial parasite, pasteuria penetrans (ex thorne) sayre & starr application as seed coating and nursery soil treatment against root-knot nematodes, meloidogyne spp
    (CCSHAU, 2013) Vikaram; Walia, R. K.
    Four species of Meloidogyne i.e., M. arenaria, M. graminicola, M. incognita and M. javanica were tested for Pasteuria penetrans endospore adherence and development. After 48 hrs, endospore adherance was least in case of M. graminicola and M. arenaria but significantly more in M. javanica and M. incognita. This strain of P. penetrans did not infect M. graminicola, however, development on the other three species was very efficient, and the infection varied from 70-90%. Three experiments were conducted in summer, kharif and winter seasons using cotton, okra and chickpea to test the efficacy of P. penetrans as seed treatment against M. javanica. The results on cotton and chickpea were not significant. However, only during kharif season (mean maximum and minimum temperatures of 34.5° and 26.4° C, respectively) on okra, P. penetrans used @ 4 and 5% as seed coat resulted in significant reduction in root galling, egg production and infection of females. Efficacy of P. penetrans application as nursery soil treatment was tested in two seasons. In kharif season (mean maximum temperature of 34.5° C and the minimum temperature of 26.4° C) higher doses of P. penetrans (8 x 104 and 10 x 104 endospores per g soil) resulted in better seedling germination and improved fresh weight of seedlings. All the doses of P. penetrans caused significant reduction in galling and were also equally effective in suppressing nematode egg production. The two highest doses of 8 x 104 and 10 x 104 caused up to 70% nematode infection. Similar experiment during winter season did not produce any tangible results.
  • Thumbnail Image
    ThesisItemUnknown
    Bio-ecology of Entomopathogenic Nematodes
    (CCSHAU, 2013) Sutar, Vivek Narayan; Walia, K. K.
    Out of 90 samples collected from forest plantations (neem, eucalyptus and sheesham), fruit trees (jujube, guava and citrus) and vegetable crops (okra, onion and tomato), maximum occurrence of EPNs was found at jujube and okra sites (40% each), followed by neem (30%), while at Dalbergia sp. and tomato sites only10% sites were found positive. Twelve sites were found positive with Steinernema sp. and only one with Heterorhabditis sp. In surveillance studies, at site I – Neem (completely undisturbed ecosystem), site II – Jujube (partially disturbed ecosystem) and site III – Okra (disturbed ecosystem), Steinernema spp. were recovered throughout the year, except in January and February. A highly significant correlation was established between soil temperature and per cent larval mortality of EPNs. When cold stress was given to adult of H. indica and Heterorhabditis sp. (HP isolate) at 20, 15, 10° C, the development of the nematode to IJs of next generation was not hampered; but at 5° C the development was stopped at adult stage itself in H. indica but delayed in the other species. Cold stress given to 1 st generation juveniles of H. indica reduced IJ emergence and infectivity; and it was nil at 5° C. In Heterorhabditis sp. (HP isolate) IJ emergence was more but infectivity was reduced at 15 and 10° C; whereas in Heterorhabditis sp. (HP isolate), adults tolerated the low temperature, but juveniles succumbed to the cold temperature. Both H. indica and Heterorhabditis (HP isolate) could not be stored beyond 15 days at 25 ° C. At 20° C, both the species could be stored up to 30 days in sand as well as in tubes without medium, but not in charcoal powder. Maximum period for which either of these species could be stored was 90 days at 10 or 15° C. Heterorhabditis sp. (HP isolate) could be stored for a month at 5° C. Triazophos, novaluron, Spinosad, thiodicarb and imidacloprid were compatibility with H. indica. The per cent survival of IJs ranged from 98.1-100. The survival was not decreased even after 24 h of exposure.