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Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar

Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University popularly known as HAU, is one of Asia's biggest agricultural universities, located at Hisar in the Indian state of Haryana. It is named after India's seventh Prime Minister, Chaudhary Charan Singh. It is a leader in agricultural research in India and contributed significantly to Green Revolution and White Revolution in India in the 1960s and 70s. It has a very large campus and has several research centres throughout the state. It won the Indian Council of Agricultural Research's Award for the Best Institute in 1997. HAU was initially a campus of Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana. After the formation of Haryana in 1966, it became an autonomous institution on February 2, 1970 through a Presidential Ordinance, later ratified as Haryana and Punjab Agricultural Universities Act, 1970, passed by the Lok Sabha on March 29, 1970. A. L. Fletcher, the first Vice-Chancellor of the university, was instrumental in its initial growth.

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2010 - 201444
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Subject: Microbiology × End date: 2014 × Start date: 2010 ×
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Microbial remediation of chlorpyriphos contaminated soil
    (CCSHAU, 2011) Chawla, Niti; Suneja, Sunita
    Twenty six bacterial isolates were obtained from chlorpyriphos contaminated soil samples by enrichment culture technique. Eight bacterial isolates showed growth upto 30,000-40,000 ppm chlorpyriphos amended in Mineral salt medium (MSM) containing glucose (0.2%). Out of eight, four isolates produced yellow coloured colonies on MSM agar plates containing chlorpyriphos (50 ppm) and bromo thymol blue (BTB) indicator and also showed the reduction of 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC) in MSM that confirmed their chlorpyriphos degrading capability. These four isolates were selected for different carbon and nitrogen source utilization pattern on MSM agar plates. With all the isolates, good growth was observed in presence of five carbon and five nitrogen sources. Therefore, these carbon and nitrogen sources were selected for chlorpyriphos utilization in MSM. More bacterial count and protein content was observed in the medium amended with glucose as carbon source and ammonium chloride as nitrogen source as compared to medium amended with other carbon and nitrogen sources with all the four isolates. To study the utilization of chlorpyriphos in liquid medium (containing glucose and ammonium chloride), medium was amended with 100 ppm chlorpyriphos. After 7 days of growth, residual chlorpyriphos was determined in the medium. Maximum utilization of chlorpyriphos was found with the isolate SB1 (80.1 %) followed by HIC2 (76.2 %), SGB2 (65.2%) and HIIGA2 (58.1%) respectively. Growth of four selected isolates was studied in sterilized as well as unsterilized soil amended with chlorpyriphos (100 ppm) for a period of two months under laboratory conditions. Viable count was higher in chlorpyriphos amended soil as compared to unamended soil with all the isolates. Chlorpyriphos level decreased in all the treatments. Percent utilization of chlorpyriphos was found more in unsterilized soil as compared to sterilized soil. Maximum utilization of chlorpyriphos was found with the isolate SB1 (66.0 %) followed by HIC2 (58.0 %), SGB2 (48.0%) and HIIGA2 (36.4 %) in sterilized soil. Similar trend was observed in unsterilized soil i.e. maximum utilization of chlorpyriphos with the isolate SB1 (79.2%) followed by HIC2 (74.5%), SGB2 (60.8%) and HIIGA2 (43.3 %) respectively. A pot experiment was conducted to evaluate the potential of the two chlorpyriphos utilizing isolates in the presence of cotton plants under natural conditions. Germination of seeds was not observed in the treatments amended with 200 ppm chlorpyriphos. Shoot and root growth was found to be significantly higher in the inoculated treatments amended with 50-100 ppm chlorpyriphos as compared to their respective uninoculated treatments. Significant decrease in chlorpyriphos content was observed in soil as well as cotton seeds on inoculation with bacterial isolates. In naturally contaminated soil (0.15 ppm chlorpyriphos), residues were not detected in soil and cotton seeds of both inoculated and uninoculated treatments On the basis of various standard morphological and biochemical tests as described in Bergey’s Manual of Determinative Bacteriology, the isolate SB1 belonged to the genus Pseudomonas and the isolate HIC2 to Xanthomonas.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Biodiesel production from lipid generating microalgae
    (CCSHAU, 2014) Narula, Amrita; Anand, R.C.
    In the present scenario, the future of crude oil looks quite bleak as it may lead to all oil resources coming close to a moribund one day. Moreover, consumption of present petroleum sourced fuels at the rocket speed rate has also led to various environmental problems. One of the major concern is global warming. To make a dent in global warming, bioenergy must be generated at a very high speed. Microalgae may be the best option to produce bio-energy at rates high enough to replace a substantial fraction of fossil fuel used by our society. The primary objective of this study was to isolate lipid generating microalgal isolates for biodiesel production. The microalgal water samples were collected from ponds of different locations of eight districts of Haryana including Hisar, Rohtak, Fatehabad, Sirsa, Panipat, Karnal, Ambala and Kurukshetra. The samples were analysed for pH, EC, salinity, turbidity, total nitrogen, phosphorous and potassium. The microalgal samples were enriched in the Bold’s Basal medium and incubated at 23 ±10C, 50-55% humidity with 16:8 hours light: dark photoperiod for 21 days. A total of twenty four microalgal isolates were obtained after purification. Using Nile red staining technique microalgal isolates HMA-2 and FMA-2 were selected for further study and grown in four media of different chemical composition viz., Soil extract, Chu-13, Kuhl and Bold’s Basal medium. The microalgal isolates HMA-2 and FMA-2 produced maximum biomass (0.21 and 0.29g/l ) in Bold’s Basal medium whereas lipid content (29.6 and 25.2%) was maximum in Kuhl medium when grown at 23 ±10C, 50-55% humidity with 16:8 hours light: dark photoperiod for 21 days. Among the inorganic nitrogen sources tested potassium nitrate (original source) resulted in biomass accumulation of 0.12 and 0.19 g/l with 29.4 and 25.2% lipid content in the microalgal isolates HMA-2 and FMA-2 respectively while among organic nitrogen sources, peptone supplementation showed maximum lipid content of 38.2 and 22.1% from 0.04 g/l and 0.10 g/l biomass respectively. Similarly, among the carbon sources, glucose had been found to be a better supplement as it produced biomass of 1.59 and 1.21 g/l with 57.6 and 50.2% lipid content in microalgal isolates HMA-2 and FMA-2 respectively. Lipid and biomass production studies at different pH, temperature and salinity indicated biomass production of 0.14 g/l having 32.6% lipid at pH 8, 0.23g/l biomass having 42.4% lipid at 250C and 0.07g/l biomass containing 61.4% lipid on 20 g/l sodium chloride supplementation in microalgal isolate HMA-2 whereas in isolate FMA-2, 0.13, 0.21 and 0.11g/l biomass containing 26.1, 40.2 and 36.2% lipid was obtained under similar conditions respectively. Transesterification of algal oil of microalgal isolate HMA-2 using NaOH as catalyst and methanol resulted in biodiesel production to the tune of 9%.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Development And Evaluation Of Liquid Rhizobial Inoculant Technology For Winter Legumes
    (Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University; Hisar, 2010) OM PRAKASH; Anand, R.C.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Amelioration of salt stress in chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) by inoculation of ACC deaminase-containing mesorhizobia and rhizobacteria
    (CCSHAU, 2013) Chaudhary, Deepika; Sindhu, S.S.
    Chickpea is a major legume crop grown in the semi-arid tropics of Asia and Africa. Salinity mainly affects plant growth by decreasing the availability of water to the roots due to osmotic effect of external salts. Salinity also influences other physiological processes such as seed germination, photosynthesis, respiration and metabolite accumulation. The use of plant growth-promoting rhizobacterial as inoculants have been reported to facilitate plant growth in saline lands. Fifty isolates of Mesorhizobium were obtained from the nodules of chickpea plant samples and fifty five isolates of rhizobacteria were obtained from the chickpea rhizosphere soil collected from different part of Haryana. Among the fifty Mesorhizobium isolates, only four isolates i.e., MHD2, MSD41, MHD12 and MHD14 showed growth up to 4% NaCl salt concentration whereas 28 isolates among the 55 rhizobacterial isolates showed growth up to 4% salt with different colony size. Two Mesorhizobium isolates i.e., MHD1 and MHD12 and six rhizobacterial isolates i.e., RSD17, RSD19, RSD23, RBD12, RHD2 and RHD18 showed significant growth on ACC supplemented plates as compared to ammonium sulphate incorporated medium plates. Inoculation of selected Mesorhizobium or rhizobacterial isolates on sterilized chickpea seeds in water agar plates showed that isolate KR48 showed maximum growth of seedling roots at 5 days whereas MBD26 showed maximum growth of shoot at 10 days. Isolates RHD18, RSD3, RBD12 and RSD23 showed significant stimulation of shoot growth even at 8 dS/m salt concentration as compared to uninoculated control. Coinoculation studies with ACC+ as well as ACC- isolates of Mesorhizobium and rhizobacterial isolates were made in chickpea cultivar HC-1 under chillum jar conditions containing sloger’s broth with salt (EC, 4dS/m) and without salt. Coinoculation of ACC+ Mesorhizobium isolate MBD26 with rhizobacterial isolate RHD18 produced maximum 59 nodules/plant and 50.6% increase in plant dry weight and in the presence of salt slight decrease in nodulation (49 nodules/plant) and gain in plant dry weight (39.3%) was observed in comparison to single inoculation of MBD26 at 50 days of plant growth. At 80 days of plant growth, coinoculation of both ACC- MBD20 and RBD19 formed 41 nodules/plant and only 7.8% increase in shoot dry weight was observed as compared to the single inoculation. Coinoculation of Mesorhizobium isolate MBD26 with rhizobacterial isolate RHD18 caused increase in nodule number (78 nodules/plant), nodule weight (413 mg/plant) and shoot dry weight (61.7% increase). Whereas in the presence of salt, same treatment formed 53 nodules per plant and caused only 53.2% increase in plant biomass in comparison to single Mesorhizobium inoculated plants at 80 days of plant growth.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Effect Of Organic Manuring And Integrated Nutrient Management On Soil Microbiological Properties
    (Department Of microbiology College Of Basic Sciences And Humanities CCS Haryana Agricultural University : Hisar, 2010) Verma,Nisha.; Goyal,Sneh.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Isolation And Characterization Of Bacteria Degrading Pyrene-A Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon
    (Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University; Hisar, 2010) Deora, Anupama; Suneja, Sunita
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Biological control of subterranean termites (Isoptera: Termitidae) with soil bacteria
    (CCSHAU, 2014) Dua, Seema; Sindhu, S.S.
    Selected ten bacterial strains having termite killing ability along with two control strains was studied for antagonistic interactions with local soil termites. Live bacterial cells, heat killed cells and culture supernatants were tested for termiticidal activity. Different bacterial strains showed more than 80% killing of termites at 5 days of incubation. Four bacterial strains KBM79, KPM35, PPM147 and PBM195 caused 100% killing at 10 days of observation. The cell free culture filtrate studies of these antagonistic cultures showed that antagonistic substance is extracellular. Termite mortality percentage increased when culture supernatants were used as compared to whole cell broth of bacterial strains. The killing frequency of the culture supernatants obtained from different bacterial strains varied from 78.0 to 96.0% at 2nd day of observation. Termicidal activity was lost on treatment of whole cell broth and culture supernatant of bacterial strains by incubation at high temperature (1000C for 10 minutes). Bacterial strains KBM79 and KPM35 possessed proteolytic, lipolytic and chitinolytic enzyme activities and caused 100% killing of termites at 10 days. Partial purified proteins caused 100% killing of termites within half an hour. The SDS–PAGE analysis of selected bacterial strains showed four common protein/polypeptides having molecular weight 129 KDa, 37.1 KDa, 28.7 KDa and 26.3 KDa in all the ten bacterial strains. These proteins/polypeptides were missing in control bacterial strains WPS73 and KPM31. Plasmid-cured strain KPM35 lost the protein band having molecular weight 129 KDa. Termiticidal activity was also decreased in plasmid-cured strain KPM35 indicating that some of the termiticidal genes were located on the plasmid. Moreover, crude preparation and partial purified protein of bacterial strains KBM79 and KPM35 when treated with proteinase K lost the antagonistic activity indicating that extracellular protein could be involved in termite mortality. Combination of different chemical compounds with efficient bacterial strains showed high termite mortality than individual insecticides. Application of bacterial strain KPM35 and dexamethasone (50 ug/ml) caused 100% mortality even at 12 hours of incubation. Dexamethasone alone was found more lethal than boric acid and sodium citrate, and caused 90% mortality at 48 hours of incubation. Bacterial strains KBM79 and KPM35 were identified as Bacillus subtilis and Pseudomonas synxantha. These bacterial strains could be further tested for termiticidal activity under field conditions.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Simultaneous saccharification and co-fermentation of paddy straw for ethanol production
    (CCSHAU, 2012) Goel, Annu; Leela Wati
    Contemporary industrial developments and rapid pace of urbanization have called for environmentally sustainable energy sources. Ethanol made from biomass can be considered as a safe and cleanest liquid fuel alternative to fossil fuels. Ethanol is economically produced from sugarcane and corn in Brazil and America, respectively. However, in a developing country like India with second largest population to feed and more than 200 million people living below poverty line sparing food crops for fuel ethanol production is not an option. Therefore, the priority in global future ethanol production is on lignocellulosic processing. Paddy straw is one of the most abundant lignocellulosic wastes on earth. Ethanol production from paddy straw is a three step process involving pretreatment, hydrolysis and fermentation. Ethanol production by separate hydrolysis and fermentation (SHF) enables enzymes to operate at higher temperature and fermenting yeasts at moderate temperatures, optimizing the utilization of sugars but to find economic acceptance, the cost for bioconversion must be lowered down and, for this, the most important process improvement made is the introduction of simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF), which has further been improved to include the co-fermentation of multiple sugar substrates i.e., SSCF. Paddy straw (Pusa-1 variety) contained 35.07% cellulose, 24.85% hemicellulose, 6.29% lignin, 49.82% organic carbon and 0.85% nitrogen on dry weight basis. Alkali treatment of straw (mesh size 0.5mm) resulted in 70% lignin removal along with 88% cellulose recovery. Hydrolysis of pretreated paddy straw with commercial cellulase loaded @ 7.5 FPU/ g resulted in 75% saccharification with the release of 61% reducing sugars after 2 h of incubation at 50C. Hydrolysate supplemented with yeast nutrients (0.3% urea, 0.15% sodium dihydrogen phosphate and 0.5% yeast extract) inoculated with the co-culture of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Pachysolen tannophilus resulted in production of 283 ml ethanol per kg delignified paddy straw at 35C after 72 h fermentation by SHF. Simultaneous accharification and co-fermentation of paddy straw supplemented with urea @ 0.3% resulted in production of 310 ml ethanol per kg delignified paddy straw with the co -culture of S. cerevisiae and P. tannophilus that was about 10 % higher than SHF. Sugar profile of hydrolysate after fermentation revealed xylose as nutilized sugar. Ethanol production efficiency in SSCF of paddy straw scaled up to 5 L capacity under optimized conditions was about 56%. The fermented residue was found to contain about 14% cellulose, 2.6% nitrogen and about 50 % residual enzyme activity. Cost of ethanol production by SSCF was lower compared to SHF in view of need of only one instrument, supplementation of cheaper yeast nutrients and without the need of buffering.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Molecular Diversity Of Free Living Nitrogen Fixing Bacteria In Salt Affected Soils Of Haryana
    (Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University; Hisar, 2011) Kayasth, Monika; Gera, Rajesh