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Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar

Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University popularly known as HAU, is one of Asia's biggest agricultural universities, located at Hisar in the Indian state of Haryana. It is named after India's seventh Prime Minister, Chaudhary Charan Singh. It is a leader in agricultural research in India and contributed significantly to Green Revolution and White Revolution in India in the 1960s and 70s. It has a very large campus and has several research centres throughout the state. It won the Indian Council of Agricultural Research's Award for the Best Institute in 1997. HAU was initially a campus of Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana. After the formation of Haryana in 1966, it became an autonomous institution on February 2, 1970 through a Presidential Ordinance, later ratified as Haryana and Punjab Agricultural Universities Act, 1970, passed by the Lok Sabha on March 29, 1970. A. L. Fletcher, the first Vice-Chancellor of the university, was instrumental in its initial growth.

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2008 - 200915
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Subject: Microbiology × End date: 2009 × Start date: 2008 × Type: Thesis ×
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Effect Of Genetically Marked Mesorhizobium Ciceri On Soil Bacterial Community Structure
    (Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University; Hisar, 2009) Anju Kumari; Kapoor, K K
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Characterization And Genetic Improvement Of Bacteria For Alkaline Protease Production
    (Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University; Hisar, 2009) Putatunda, Chayanika; Kundu, B. S.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Isolation and characterization of poly--hydroxybutyrate producing Bacillus sp. from soils
    (CCSHAU, 2008) Verma, Nisha; Goyal, Sneh
    Plastics and polymers are an integral part of our daily existence because of their properties of durability and resistance to degradation. Plastic wastes are considered to be severe environmental contaminants causing waste disposal problems. Recently, the problems concerning global environment and solid waste management have created much interest in the development of biodegradable plastics with desired physical and chemical properties. The PHB and other biodegradable polyesters are promising candidates for the development of environment friendly, totally biodegradable plastics. Polyhydroxy-alkanoates (PHAs) are intracellular carbon and energy reserves that are accumulated by many bacteria when surplus carbon is available, under certain nutrient limited conditions of growth. Different biodegradable plastics have been developed by microbial fermentations. However, limitations of these materials still exist due to high cost of production. For minimization of cost for the production of biodegradable plastics, the waste biological sludge generated at waste water treatment plants is one of the substrate used for the production of PHB. These compounds can be produced in large quantities from renewable resources by well known fermentation processes and have potential to replace petroleum derived thermoplastics. A total of 115 bacterial isolates differing in their morphology were isolated from various soils and were screened using Nile blue A and was verified by using Sudan black B dye. Nine PHB producing bacilli were selected depending upon their fluorescence on Nile blue A plates and PHB production under minimal medium broth was studied. High PHB producing Isolates ZTL-31, ZTL-32 and Sld-110 were selected for subsequent studies. Conditions for higher PHB production were optimized for temperature, time, aeration conditions and different carbon and nitrogen sources. Three different carbon sources milk whey, sewage sludge, molasses were used. Isolate No. Sld-110 produced highest amount of PHB (322.2 mg/g dry weight of cells) when 1 % of molasses was used as carbon source at 27C after 72 h under stationary conditions. Isolate Sld-110 produced up to 310.6 mg/g (w/w) PHB with ammonium phosphate as nitrogen source. However, it produced 356.4 mg/g (w/w) PHB without nitrogen source in minimal medium containing 1 % molasses at 27ºC after 72 h under stationary conditions.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Enrichment of vermicompost with agriculturally beneficial microorganisms and its impact on horticultural plants
    (CCSHAU, 2008) Khare, Neetu; Pathak, D.V.
    Vermicompost was enriched with Azotobacter chroococcum, Pseudomonas spp. P-36 , Pseudomonas maltophilia PM4 and AM fungi (Glomus mossae). The microbially enriched vermicompost was analysed for organic C, total N, total P, ammonical N and nitrate N and microbial population. Organic C was decreased in the microbially enriched vermicompost after 30 days due to microbial activity. Total N and total P content increased due to inoculation of Azotobacter chroococcum, Pseudomonas spp., and AM fungi (Glomus mossae). Microbially enriched vermicompost showed higher count of Azotobacter chroococcum, Pseudomonas spp., Pseudomonas maltophilia upto 30 days. Seedling of Aonla and Bael grown in microbially enriched vermicompost for 60 days showed increase in shoot and root length and plant dry weight. Seedling grown in AM fungi (Glomus mossae) enriched vermicompost had higher infection of AM fungi (Glomus mossae) as compared to control or vermicompost enriched with Azotobacter chroococcum, Pseudomonas spp., Pseudomonas maltophilia
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Bacterial degradation of polyethylene
    (CCSHAU, 2008) Kiran Kumari; Narula, Neeru
    Thirty two bacterial isolates were obtained from soil and compost by soil burial method (Gosh, 2005) followed by enrichment culture technique in film culturing media. Bacterial isolates differing in morphology were selected, purified and maintained on film culturing media (Lee et al. 1991). Thirty % of these isolates were found to be Gram negative and 50% were positive starch hydrolysis test. A total of 40 bacterial isolates (32 +8 from department culture collection) were screened for ability to degrade LDPE (untreated, UV and heat strips) in film culturing media. Polyethylene strips were removed every week, till one month and % weight loss was determined. Among various isolates Is 3, Is 22 and Is 31 was able to degrade UV treated polyethylene strips effectively at high temperature (24-28%) as compared to heat and untreated polyethylene strips. Optimization of various conditions like, temperature, light source, pH, size of inoculum, carbon source and nitrogen source were studied to enhance polyethylene degradation. Percent weight loss of PE strips -iiwas also studied incubated in compost treatment with bacterial isolates using treated viz; UV, heat, steam and untreated polyethylene strips. After week till one month, 20 mg of PE were extracted and weight loss of polyethylene estimated. Effect of high temperature (400C), sunlight (44%) and pH at 7.0 (26 - 28%) were considered to enhanced degradation rate of polyethylene positively as compared to low temperature at 300C (18-21%), artificial light of 50W, bulb (22 - 24%) and other pH condition 5, 6 and 8 (21-24, 22-25 and 23-26) respectively. Addition of different carbon source (sucrose, glucose and maltose) and nitrogen source (ammonium nitrate, potassium nitrate and ammonium acetate) at 2% (vol/vol) didn’t show positive effect in the increase in the % weight loss degradation of polyethylene. Compost treatment was studied using CO2 evolution as estimation tools to analyze % degradation of PE strips (UV, heat steam) and it was found that bacterial activity affected various factor like O2 supply and sunlight sources affect the degradation of polyethylene strips negatively and only up to 4% degradation of treated LDPE strips was estimated.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Interaction of Bt cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) with native rhizospheric and inoculated microflora
    (CCSHAU, 2008) Seema; Gera, Rajesh
    In the present study, effect of Bt cotton was studied on native and inoculated microorganisms in the rhizospheric soil under pot house as well as field conditions. Marginal increase in native microbial population of non-Bt cotton compared to Bt cotton after 45 DAS of sowing was observed in two different varieties RCH134 and MRC6301 tested. However, after 90 days of sowing there was decrease in microbial population and it was almost similar both in the Bt and non-Bt cotton rhizosphere. The inoculation of Azotobacter (A-2), Azospirillum (J-11-12) and PSB (BPL-2) increased the rate of seed germination both in Bt as well as non-Bt cotton in the variety RCH 134. However, the effect was more pronounced in non-Bt cotton as compared to Bt cotton. Supplementation of root exudates of Bt and non-Bt cotton at a -iiconcentration of 0, 2 or 4% in Jensen, malate and Pikovaskaya media resulted in increase in growth rate of A-2, J-11-12 and BPL-2 as compared to control. Genetically marked strains of Azotobacter (A-2), Azospirillum (J-11-12) and phosphate solubilizing bacterium (BPL-2) established better in the rhizosphere of non-Bt cotton, var. RCH134 under pot house conditions and their population was ten times higher after 30 days of sowing. Increase in plant height, plant biomass, N and P-uptake due to inoculation was observed at recommended dose of fertilizers both in Bt as well as in non-Bt cotton.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Effect of digested spent wash on nodulation, nutrient uptake and photosynthetic activity in chickpea (Cicer arietinum)
    (CCSHAU, 2008) Dharmender Kumar; Kukreja, Kamlesh
    The distillery waste water generally known as spent wash is amongst the worst pollutants produced by industries. Production of spent wash is a continuous process, therefore it can be used not only for irrigation purpose but also for preventing the environmental hazard and can serve as a potential source of fertilizer if used rationally and in appropriate concentration. Therefore, the present study was undertaken with the objectives to study the effect of graded doses and methods of application of digested spent wash on seed germination, nodulation, nutrient uptake and photosynthetic activity in chickpea. Digested spent wash used during present study was collected from Panipat distillery. It was red brown in color having unpleasant smell, pH slightly alkaline (pH 7.92) and EC, 20.5 dsm-1. Total carbon and nitrogen contents of digested spent wash were 3.94 gL-1 and 1.21 gL-1 respectively. Under laboratory conditions, lower concentrations (2.5-20%) of digested spent wash were not inhibitory to seed germination. Although 100% seed germination was observed at 50% spent wash concentration but it lead to poor seedling growth and delayed seed germination. Germination percentage and seedling growth were retarded at 100% concentration of digested spent wash. Under pot house conditions, 100% seed germination was observed up to 20% concentration of digested spent wash (applied along with irrigation) and 250 m3ha-1 (applied as soil amendment) of digested spent wash. There was complete failure of seed germination at higher concentrations (50% and 500 m3ha-1) of digested spent wash. Increased concentrations of digested spent wash affected the nodulation of chickpea. Inclusion of digested spent wash with irrigation affected the nodulation even at lower concentration (5%) whereas application of digested spent wash in soil upto 100 m3ha-1 did not have adverse effect on nodulation. Lower concentrations of digested spent wash up to 5% (applied along with irrigation) and 50 m3ha-1 (applied as soil amendment) had no detrimental effect on plant growth (shoot length, root length and their weight). Higher concentrations of digested spent wash (applied as irrigation or as soil amendment) were inhibitory to plant growth. Photosynthetic activity of chickpea plants measured in the form of chlorophyll a flurescence it was maximum at 10% (applied along with irrigation) and 100 m3ha-1 (applied as soil amendment) of digested spent wash. Slight decrease in chlorophyll a fluorescence was observed at higher concentrations. With increase in concentration of digested spent wash, there was decrease in N and P uptake by chickpea plants. No significant difference in pH of different treatments was observed in post harvest soil with application of digested spent wash. However, EC of the soil increased with increase in concentrations of digested spent wash (applied as irrigation), while it was well maintained with one time application (soil amendment) of digested spent wash. With increase in concentrations of digested spent wash, there was significant increase in organic carbon, total N and P content of post harvest soil.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Bioethanol production from sugarcane juice by yeast
    (CCSHAU, 2008) Giri, Rupa; Kundu, B.S.
    Ethanol is an important feed stock for industrial and potable purposes. However, recently the use of ethanol as fuel purpose is catching up faster world over. It is mostly produced by fermentation of molasses by Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Molasses has become expensive due to decontrol and is of poor quality. Sugarcane juice can be cheaper and readily available alternate substrate for ethanol production. Fourteen yeasts isolates from soil and sugarcane juice samples collected from various sources (local cane crushers, sugarcane fields and sugar mills), were picked up from YEPS medium plates following enrichment culture technique. In the initial screening the isolates RY-1 to RY-14 along with the reference strain showed high variability in alcohol production from sucrose and sugarcane juice. Ethanol production was more from sugarcane juice as compared to sucrose. The two isolates (RY-5 and RY-8) gave more ethanol (7.18 and 8.19%) from sugarcane juice compared to rest of isolates and were finally selected for subsequent studies along with reference strain (S. cerevisiae HAU-21). The pre-treatments of sugarcane juice (filtration, sterilization and concentration) prior to fermentation did not increase the alcohol production significantly except concentrated juice (9.10, 9.23 and 11.12% by RY-5, RY-8 and HAU-21). The ethanol production from filtered cane juice was slightly better than sterilized sugarcane juice by all the cultures tested. An inoculum size of 5% and 18h of yeast growth were optimum for ethanol production at which the concentration of ethanol was 7.99, 8.86 and 9.75% by RY-5, RY-8 and HAU-21 respectively. Yeast recycling upto two cycles gave increased ethanol concentration by all the cultures while there was a decline in ethanol production after third recycling. An incubation temperature of 25±2ºC, pH 5.0 and fermentation period of 24h were optimum for ethanol production by all the cultures. yeast extract (0.3%), peptone (0.5%) and urea (0.3%) were found best growth factors and nitrogen source for ethanol production from sugarcane juice by both of yeast isolates. A concentration of 0.2% MgSO4.7H2O, showed maximum ethanol production by yeast cultures compared to juice alone. Scaling up of cane juice fermentation upto 5 l. capacity produced 8.20, 9.64 and 11.51% ethanol by RY5, RY8 and HAU-21. Isolates RY-5 and RY-8 were identified as Saccharomyces sp on the basis of various morphological and biochemical characteristics.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Isolation and characterization of bacteria capable of remediating heavy metal from industrial effluent
    (CCSHAU, 2008) Meenakshi; Kundu, B.S.
    The heavy metals accumulation in soil by land filling is causing serious environmental problems particularly the soil infertility and the use of chemicals is costly, unsafe and non ecofriendly as compared to biological methods. Nineteen samples of soils/sludge and effluent were collected from ten different locations of Faridabad (Haryana) and chemically analyzed. Soil contained total Ni and Cd in the range of 0.85 ppm to 102.24 ppm and 0.35 ppm to 4.70 ppm, respectively, whereas sludge samples contained 16.88 ppm to 71.05 ppm and 23.81 ppm to 189.47 ppm, respectively. The available Ni and Cd for soil samples were 0.17 ppm to 12.41 ppm and 0.04 ppm to 1.79 ppm. While available Ni and Cd in sludge samples were 3.03 ppm to 8.55 ppm and 1.68 ppm to 27.07 ppm, respectively. The carbon content for soil and sludge samples varied from 0.15% to 1.60%, respectively. Total nitrogen for soil and sludge samples varied from 0.20% to 0.67% and 0.63% to 0.35% respectively. Electrical conductivity (EC) was 0.40 to 6.25 dS/m and 18.04 dS/m to 20.40 dS/m in soil and sludge samples. The chemical oxygen demand in soil and sludge samples were 200 to 1080 mg/l and 2000 to 3600 mg/l. Total and available Cd in effluent samples varied from 0.48 to 4.83 ppm and 0.02 ppm to 1.62 ppm, respectively. Total and available Ni in effluent samples varied 1.54 ppm to 180.05 ppm and 0.27 ppm to 61.62 ppm. The carbon content and total nitrogen in effluent samples varied from 0.15% to 0.34% and 0.09% to 0.19%. EC and COD in effluent samples varied from 6.50 to 62.95 dS/m and 680 to 5600 mg/l. A total of 11 heavy metal resistant bacterial isolates differing in their morphology were picked up from soils and sludge. SdCd-1 and SdCd-2 have spherical, brownish cream, smooth, slimy colony and spherical, brownish cream, smooth, slimy colony, but SdCd-3 and SdCd-4 were spherical, cream, rough, slimy colony and irregular, light brown, rough, large colony and SdCd-5 was spherical, shiny cream, smooth and slimy colony. Where as, SdCd-6 and SdCd-7 were spherical, white, smooth, slightly slimy colony and spherical, cream, smooth, very slimy colony, respectively. The isolate No.SNi-1and SNi-2 were irregular, yellow, smooth, slightly slimy colony and irregular, brownish cream, small colony. But isolate No.SNi-3 and SNi-4 were spherical, white, slightly slimy, small colony and irregular, cream, very slimy, small colony. Based on heavy metal resistance only four isolates (SdCd-1, SdCd-7, SNi-1 and SNi-3) were finally selected for subsequent studies. Heavy metal resistant pattern of isolates was determined by growing isolates on media plates containing 0-100 ppm of Ni and Cd and effluent samples with 180.05 ppm Ni and 4.83 ppm Cd. The maximum tolerance concentration (MTC) of SdCd-1 and SdCd-7 was 80 ppm and 70 ppm, respectively. Where as, with SNi-1 and SNi-3 MTC was 100 and 80 ppm in media with heavy metals. All Ni and Cd resistant bacteria showed poor growth on media even with diluted effluent samples. The SdCd-1 and SNi-3 were more efficient in reducing Cd (24%) and Ni (40%) from media, respectively, where asSdCd-7 and SNi-1 were more efficient in reducing Cd (47%) and Ni (3%) from effluent samples. The isolate SdCd-7 was identified as Pseudomonas sp. whereas, SdCd-1, SNi-1 and SNi-3 belonged to Bacillus sp.