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Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar

Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University popularly known as HAU, is one of Asia's biggest agricultural universities, located at Hisar in the Indian state of Haryana. It is named after India's seventh Prime Minister, Chaudhary Charan Singh. It is a leader in agricultural research in India and contributed significantly to Green Revolution and White Revolution in India in the 1960s and 70s. It has a very large campus and has several research centres throughout the state. It won the Indian Council of Agricultural Research's Award for the Best Institute in 1997. HAU was initially a campus of Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana. After the formation of Haryana in 1966, it became an autonomous institution on February 2, 1970 through a Presidential Ordinance, later ratified as Haryana and Punjab Agricultural Universities Act, 1970, passed by the Lok Sabha on March 29, 1970. A. L. Fletcher, the first Vice-Chancellor of the university, was instrumental in its initial growth.

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2004 - 200935
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Subject: Microbiology × End date: 2009 × Start date: 2004 × Type: Thesis × Thesis Type: M.Sc ×
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Now showing 1 - 9 of 35
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    A Study of Outliers and Influential Observations in Linear Regression
    (College of Agriculture Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University Hisar, 2004) Tonk, Devinder Singh; Singh, Umed
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Indole acetic acid production by Pseudomonas species and its effect on plant growth of green gram and black gram
    (CCSHAU, 2004) Om Prakash; Sindhu, S.S.
    In the present studies, IAA producing Pseudomonas strains CPS59 and MPS90 were mutagenized with transposon Tn5 using E. coli strain S17-1. The frequency of mutants with low amount of IAA production varied from 35.14 to 46.75% from Pseudomonas strains CPS59 and MPS90, respectively and only 3.43 to 3.75% mutants produced higher levels of IAA in comparison to respective parent strains in LB medium supplemented with tryptophan. Inoculation of mutants derived from Pseudomonas strain CPS59 showed stunting effect on root development of green gram seedlings at both 5 and 10 days of observation whereas mutants CPS59-138, CPS59-162 and CPS59-231 showed stimulatory effect on root growth at 5 days in black gram. Majority of the mutants caused stimulation of shoot growth at both 5 and 10 days of observation in comparison to uninoculated treatment. MPS90-derived mutants i.e. MPS90-39, MPS90-157, MPS90-102 and MPS90-106 showed slight stimulation of root growth whereas most of the mutants showed stunting effect on shoot growth at 10 days in black gram. Coinoculation studies of Pseudomonas mutants with Bradyrhizobium sp. strain S24 resulted in increased nodule number, nodule fresh weight and shoot dry weight in green gram and black gram under chillum jar conditions. Shoot dry weight gains in green gram after coinoculation with CPS59-derived mutants varied from 107-149 per cent and from 110-137 per cent with MPS90-derived mutants in comparison to Bradyrhizobium-inoculated plants at 60 days of growth. Similarly, shoot dry weight gains in black gram varied from 102-178 per cent and 105-198 after inoculation with mutants derived from CPS59 and MPS90, respectively. The stimulation effect on shoot dry weight in comparison to uninoculated control treatment varied from 280-390 per cent in green gram and 179-357 per cent in black gram. Four mutants CPS59- 138, CPS59-321, MPS90-133 and MPS90-51 showed more enhancements in nodule formation by Bradyrhizobium strain S24 in green gram whereas mutants CPS59-162, CPS59-64, MPS90- 102 and MPS90-280 caused more stimulation for nodule formation in black gram at 60 days of plant growth. Significant enhancements in shoot dry weights of green gram were observed by coinoculation with Pseudomonas mutants CPS59-138, CPS59-231, CPS59-321, MPS90-280, MPS90-14 and MPS90-145. Similarly, coinoculation of Bradyrhizobium strain with Pseudomonas mutants CPS59-162, CPS59-321, CPS59-214, MPS90-102, MPS90-280 and MPS90-51 showed significant gains in shoot biomass of black gram at 60 days of plant growth. The better performance of IAA over producing mutants in relation to nodulation and plant biomass indicated that IAA production by Pseudomonas strains is a beneficial trait for selection of rhizobacterial strains having plant growth promotion ability.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Development of quality assurance method for biofertilizers using LACz marker
    (CCSHAU, 2004) Manoj kumar; Gera, Rajesh
    Biofertilizers are living microorganisms used to supplement nutritional requirement of plants. Strains of Azotobacter, Rhizobium, Azospirillum, Pseudomonas, Bacillus and Acetobacter have been developed as biofertilizers for various crops and are suppled as carrier based inoculants. The responses of biofertilizers are inconsistent and generally related to the poor quality and poor competitive ability of the inoculants. The quality control methods include standard plate count and most probable number (MPN) by plant infection. Both these methods are not very specific and require at least 10-30 days. Thus, the quality control methods are not strictly followed because producers are not willing to hold their product for 30 days and thus substandard biofertilizers are being supplied to the farmers. Thus, there is an urgent need to develop simple method for quality assurance of biofertilizers, which could be completed with in 6-12 hours. lacZ marked strains of Azotobacter (A-2), Rhizobium (T-19CL and PP1021L), Pseudomonas (P-35) and Bacillus (BPL-2) showed relationship between -galactosidase activity with viable cell number at different stages of growth in liquid medium. The Z buffer with 0.1% Triton X-100 was found to be the best diluent for enumeration of viable cell population in charcoal based inoculants. There was relationship in -galactosidase activity and viable cell number of all these above strains in charcoal based inoculants, which remained stable up to three months. Time for development of yellow colour of ONPG filter paper discs was correlated with viable cell number, thus providing the qualitative method for enumeration of viable cell number in the bioinoculants.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Rhizosphere colonization of phosphate solubilizing bacteria and their effect on chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) growth and nutrient uptake
    (CCSHAU, 2005) Anu; Kundu, B.S.
    Seventy six isolates of phosphate solubilizing bacteria from rhizosphere of chickpea were evaluated for solubilization of tricalcium phosphate (TCP) and Udaipur rock phosphate (URP). Solubilization efficiency (PSE) of various isolates varied from 6.0 to 118.3 per cent on solid medium. Sixty nine isolates showed < 50 per cent PSE and only 2 isolates showed PSE more than 100 per cent. P solubilization by all the isolates varied from 22.7 to 247.7 g/ml. Seven isolate showed >200 g/ml solubilization in liquid medium. Phosphate from rock phosphate was poorly solubilized which varied from 0.001 to 0.258 g/ml. No relationship between P solubilization and change in pH was observed. Only fifteen isolates have complementary antibiotic resistance with donor strain of E. coli. Morphological and biochemical characteristics of selected isolates based on P solubilization efficiency (18C, 42C, 43C and 76C) showed that they belong to genus Pseudomonas. The various transconjugants showed -galactosidase activity varying from 0.96 to 2.02 Miller’s Unit and showed blue colour on X-gal medium plates. The transconjugants (42CT and 76CT) were able to survive in chickpea rhizosphere under pot house conditions, which appeared as blue colonies on X-gal plates with a population of ~103/gram soil, upto 120 DAS. The PSB and their transconjugants showed an increase in dry shoot weight and nutrients uptake by chickpea. Dry matter yield of 61.81, 82.91 and 110.75 g/pot was recorded by the application of 30 kg SSP with PSB at 60, 90 and 120 DAS respectively. N and P uptake increased with the inoculation of PSB and their transconjugants. Significantly higher N uptake 31.54 and 66.31 per cent was recorded by the inoculation of SSP with 42C and SSP (60 kg/ha) at 90 and 120 DAS, respectively than control. At 90 and 120 DAS, maximum P uptake 92.56 and 114.0 per cent, respectively, was recorded by the inoculation of SSP with 42C than control.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Preparation of spiced 'Sauerkraut' by using lactic acid bacteria
    (CCSHAU, 2005) Pandey, Sangeeta; Garg, F.C.
    Fresh cabbage was procured from the market and sliced into thin shreds. The shredded cabbage was fermented by four different treatments, i.e., Sodium chloride (2.25%), Sodium chloride (2.25%) + Lactobacillus plantarum, Sodium chloride (2.25%) + mustard powder (1%) + spices (0.5%) and Sodium chloride (2.25%) + mustard powder (1%) + spices (0.5%) + Lactobacillus plantarum. During fermentation samples of brine were drawn at different time intervals for microbiological and biochemical analysis. The viable number of microorganisms were counted by plating the brine on two different types of media viz., nutrient agar and MRS media. The number of viable cells on MRS medium first increased in all four treatments and remained constant thereafter, whereas, on nutrient agar medium total number of viable cells first decreased and increased thereafter. From the cultural, morphological and physiological characteristics it was found that the microorganisms which were present at the start of fermentation were Bacillus, Pseudomonas and Micrococcus. As the fermentation proceeded number of these microorganisms decreased and Lactobacillus and Leuconostoc became dominant. In all the four treatments, total sugar and reducing sugar in the brine increased slowly to 3% and 2%, respectively upto 8th day and then decreased. Maximum total acidity (1.98-2.22%) was found on 15th day which remained constant upto 90 days. The pH of the shredded cabbage was 6.9 and decreased to around 4 after 15 days. In all four treatments, vitamin C content that was 27.5 mg/100 gm at the start of fermentation decreased during fermentation and storage. However, at the end of 90 days vitamin C content in 'Sauerkraut' was found to be in the range of 16-18 mg/100 gm. Coliforms were determined both by MPN and by plating the brine on EMB media. Coliforms were absent in all four treatments. Sensory evaluation of the final product was carried out by a panel of judges using Hedonic scale. Overall acceptability was higher in the Sauerkraut prepared by addition of spices whereas inoculation of Lactobacillus plantarum made no significant difference.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Effect of poultry waste on biogas production and plant nutrient content of effluent under solid state fermentation of cattle dung
    (CCSHAU, 2005) Putatunda, Chayanika; Malik, R.K.
    Anaerobic digestion of organic wastes is gaining importance due to biogas recovery, production of organic manure and environmental protection. Apart from cattle waste biogas production has been reported from many other wastes like pig wastes, goat and sheep wastes etc. Many reports of biogas production from poultry wastes alone and in combination with other wastes like hog wastes, cattle dung are there. However, much work has not been done on the solid state fermentation of cattle dung supplemented with poultry waste. Cattle dung & poultry waste were collected from the animal farm and poultry farm, CCSHAU and analyzed. They were mixed in different ratios viz.100% CW (control), 90% CW +10% PW, 80% CW + 20% PW & 70% CW + 30% PW at approximately 17 % Total Solid concentration. Batch digestion was carried out for a period of 8 weeks in 5L aspirator bottles. The maximum biogas production was observed in digester with 30% PW (0.247 L/L/day) & minimum in the control (0.065 L/L/day).The influent & effluent were analyzed & highest enrichment of N, P &K was found in digester no. 4. (70% CD + 30% PW) The digesters were then converted to semi continuous mode during which they were daily fed with a particular amount of fresh substrate & same amount was taken out. The semi continuous system was operated for retention time period of 10 days, 20 days & 30 days. The maximum amount of biogas production was observed in all the digesters during RT of 30 days & the least during the RT of 10 days. Also, the biogas production was maximum in the digester no. 4 (70% CD + 30% PW), followed by digesters with 80% CD + 20% PW, 90 % CD + 30% PW and minimum in the control during all the retention time periods. Similar trend was observed in case of enrichment of N, P & K also. Maximum enrichment during RT of 30 days, followed by RT of 20 days & minimum during RT of 10 days was observed. Thus, addition of poultry waste to cattle dung proved to be beneficial both in terms of biogas production as well as enrichment of the effluent.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Role of organic acids produced during decomposition of rice straw in the solubilization of rock phosphate
    (CCSHAU, 2005) Anju Kumari; Kapoor, K.K.
    Production of organic acids by phosphate solubilizing microorganisms is the most important mechanism of P solubilization. There is solubilization of P from insoluble P sources such as rock phosphate during decomposition of lignocellulosic wastes. The identification of organic acids produced during decomposition of rice straw was attempted in the present studies. Changes during decomposition of rice straw amended with tricalcium phosphate (TCP) and Udaipur rock phosphate (URP) were studied in laboratory incubation experiment. Initially C: N ratio was adjusted to 40:1. The organic C content of rice straw was found to decrease and total N increased with time, with the effect C: N ratio of rice straw decreased as the decomposition progressed. At 15 days, the pH decreased to acidic range in all the treatments, which again increased to alkaline range at 30 and 60 days. Water-soluble P and Citric acid soluble P increased at 15 days incubation and decreased at 30 and 60 days decomposition period. The amount of citric acid soluble P was higher in treatments containing TCP or URP. Citric, oxalic, formic and maleic acid were detected during decomposition of rice straw. Citric acid and oxalic acids were produced almost in all the treatments and the maximum amount of organic acids were detected at 15 days. The concentration decreased to negligible amount at 30 and 60 days. Citric acid and oxalic acids were the major acids produced which are responsible for P solubilization from TCP and URP. Citric acid was found to be most effective in solubilization of TCP and URP. The P solubilization with sulphuric acid was lower as compared to organic acids.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Evaluation of phosphate solubilizing bacterial strains/mutants with improved phosphate solubilization and their effect on mustard crop
    (CCSHAU, 2005) Manu Dev; Kundu, B.S.
    Sixty eight isolates of phosphate solubilizing bacteria (PSB) from rhizosphere of mustard grown in different region of Haryana showed a large variation in P-solubilization on solid as well as in liquid media. Most of isolates fell in <50% class of P-solubilization while in liquid media in 50-100μg/ml. No correlation was recorded between P-solubilization on solid media and liquid media. The selected isolates 15M, 22M and 25M showed P-solubilization 273.0 μg/ml, 301.0 g/ml, and 276.0 g/ml in liquid PVK, while in NBRIP 288.0 g/ml, 314.0 g/ml and 286.0 g/ml, and were used for subsequent studies. These isolates were identified as Pseudomonas sp. based on morphological and biochemical characteristic. The selected isolates were mutagenesied with NTG (50g/ml) for high P-solubilization. One hundered forty four mutants were selected based on killing rate between 70-80%. These mutants were checked for P- solubilization in solid and liquid PVK and NBRIP medium. The PSE of 15M mutants on solid medium varied from18.2-98.6% on PVK and from 14.1-96.2% on NBRIP media. While PSE of 22M mutants varied from 12.4-98.1% on PVK and from 18.4-100.2% on NBRIP media. The PSE mutant 25M varied from 12.1-77.1% on PVK and 10.2-85.4% on NBRIP solid media. The pH of 15M mutants varied from 3.6-6.0 in PVK in NBRIP it varied from 3.4-5.8, while pH of 22M mutant in PVK varied from 2.9-5.8 in PVK, in NBRIP it ranged from 2.1-5.6. The pH of 25M mutants varied from 2.5-5.9 in PVK and 2.3-5.8 in NBRIP. The 15M mutants showed P-solubilization between 177.1-324.1 g/ml in liquid PVK, while 176.4-336.4 g/ml in liquid NBRIP. 22M mutants showed P-solubilization between 182.2-362.2 g/ml in liquid PVK from 201.3-380.1g/ml in NBRIP. 25M showed P-solubilization between 167.4-351.9 g/ml in liquid PVK, while 175.8-364.5 g/ml in NBRIP. Strains (15M, 22M and 25M) and mutants (15M2, 15M6, 22M28, 22M29, 25M11, 25M30) were selected on basis of P-solubilization for pot culture experiment on mustard cv. RH-30. Total bacterial count in rhizosphere increased with URP at 30 and 45 DAS, while decrease was observed at 60 DAS. The number of these bacteria improved with seed inoculation and was more with URP. The number varied from 10-78, 27-91, and 13-37 at 30, 45, and 60 DAS respectively. The maximum number was observed with 15M6 with URP (50x105 cfu/g) followed by 22M28 with URP (78x105 cfu/g) at 30 DAS. At 45 DAS the maximum number was observed with 22M28 with URP (91 x 105 cfu/g) followed by 15MP with URP (85 x 105 cfu/g) and at 60 DASnumber was observed with 22M28 with URP (37 x 105 cfu/g) followed by 22M29 with URP (27 x 105 cfu/g). The PSB count in the rhizosphere varied from 1-24, 2-20 and 1-11 at 30, 45 and 60 DAS, respectively. The maximum number was observed with 22M28 (24 x 103 cfu/g) followed by 15M6 (19 x 103 cfu/g) at 30 DAS. At 45 DAS the maximum number was observed with 22M29 (20 x 103 cfu/g) followed by 22M29 with URP (19 x 103 cfu/g). The mustard biomass was more with SSP and with URP compared to the control at 30, 45 and 60 DAS. There was increase at 30 and 45 DAS but a 60 DAS with SSP marginal increase was observed. Almost all the mutants with URP showed increase in biomass except 25M30. The maximum biomass was observed with 22M28 (0.682 g/plant) followed by 22M29 (0.456 g/plant) at 30 DAS while at 45 DAS in case of 22M28 with URP (2.114 g/plant) followed by 22M29 (1.651 g/plant). At 60 DAS the maximum plant dry biomass was observed in 22M29 (3.161 g/plant) followed by 22M28 (2.927 g/plant). Phosphate uptake was increased upto 21 and 11% with application of SSP and URP at 30 DAS respectively but at 45 DAS increase was 12% with SSP and 4% with URP. But at 60 DAS there was 53% increase with SSP and 50% with URP. The maximum P-uptake was observed with 22M28 with URP (529%) followed by 22M29 is (429%). However, at 60 DAS the maximum P-uptake was by 22M29 (31%) followed by 22M28 with URP that was 308% it shows that mutants had significant effect on increase in plant dry biomass and P-uptake under pot house conditions.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Siderophore production by pseudomonas species and its role in disease control of green gram (Vigna radiata) caused by rhizoctonia solani
    (CCSHAU, 2006) Sahu, Govind Kumar; Sindhu, S.S.
    In the present study, sixty-five bacterial isolates were obtained from the rhizosphere soil of chickpea and green gram plants by plating serial dilutions on King’s B media. Fifty-eight isolates were identified as Pseudomonas based on colony morphology, pigment characteristics and oxidase test. These fifty-eight Pseudomonas isolates alongwith 22 reference strains were tested for siderophore production using universal chromo-azurol S assay method on MM9 medium and iron-deficient succinate medium. Thirty-seven Pseudomonas strains/isolates were found to produce siderophore on MM9 medium and the diameter of halo zone varied with different Pseudomonas isolates. Production of siderophores was found more on MM9 medium as compared to succinate medium. Bacterial colony growth (G) and halo zone (H) size were measured on MM9 medium and H/G ratios varied from 1.44 to 10.24 in different Pseudomonas isolates. Seventeen Pseudomonas isolates were used for optimization of cultural conditions for enhanced production of siderophores. Replacement of glucose with sucrose, sodium gluconate or sodium malate supported siderophore production whereas arabinose addition repressed siderophore production in most of the Pseudomonas isolates. Increased concentration of ammonium chloride (0.2%) also decreased siderophore production. Addition of Fe-EDTA salt at low 5 M concentration showed less suppressive effect whereas at 10 M concentration more inhibitory effect on siderophore production was observed. Production of siderophore was found more at pH 7.0 in comparison to cultures grown in media with pH 8.0 and pH 6.0. Siderophore producing Pseudomonas isolates inhibited the growth of phytopathogenic fungi Fusarium oxysporum, Rhizoctonia solani and Pythium aphanidermatum. Large inhibition zones of fungal growth were observed on PDA medium in comparison to NA medium plates. Coinoculation of Pseudomonas cultures caused reduction in root rot disease symptoms under pot house conditions and disease control varied from 33.4 to 100 per cent with different Pseudomonas cultures. Coinoculation of Pseudomonas isolates MP20, MPS54, CP56 and CPS67 with Bradyrhizobium strain SMR15 also enhanced the nodule number, nodule fresh weight and plant dry weight as compared to Bradyrhizobium-inoculated or uninoculated control plants at 30, 45 and 60 days of plant growth. Coinoculation of Pseudomonas strain CP56 with Bradyrhizobium strain and R. solani showed maximum increase (275.8%) in plant dry weight at 60 days in comparison to control plants and completely suppressed the root rot disease under pot house conditions. The better performance of siderophore-producing Pseudomonas strains in relation to symbiotic performance and disease control indicated that Pseudomonas strains could be exploited for disease suppression and plant growth promotion under field conditions.