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Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar

Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University popularly known as HAU, is one of Asia's biggest agricultural universities, located at Hisar in the Indian state of Haryana. It is named after India's seventh Prime Minister, Chaudhary Charan Singh. It is a leader in agricultural research in India and contributed significantly to Green Revolution and White Revolution in India in the 1960s and 70s. It has a very large campus and has several research centres throughout the state. It won the Indian Council of Agricultural Research's Award for the Best Institute in 1997. HAU was initially a campus of Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana. After the formation of Haryana in 1966, it became an autonomous institution on February 2, 1970 through a Presidential Ordinance, later ratified as Haryana and Punjab Agricultural Universities Act, 1970, passed by the Lok Sabha on March 29, 1970. A. L. Fletcher, the first Vice-Chancellor of the university, was instrumental in its initial growth.

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Subject: Microbiology × Author: Meenakshi × Start date: 1997 × Type: Thesis × Thesis Type: M.Sc ×
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Isolation and characterization of bacteria capable of remediating heavy metal from industrial effluent
    (CCSHAU, 2008) Meenakshi; Kundu, B.S.
    The heavy metals accumulation in soil by land filling is causing serious environmental problems particularly the soil infertility and the use of chemicals is costly, unsafe and non ecofriendly as compared to biological methods. Nineteen samples of soils/sludge and effluent were collected from ten different locations of Faridabad (Haryana) and chemically analyzed. Soil contained total Ni and Cd in the range of 0.85 ppm to 102.24 ppm and 0.35 ppm to 4.70 ppm, respectively, whereas sludge samples contained 16.88 ppm to 71.05 ppm and 23.81 ppm to 189.47 ppm, respectively. The available Ni and Cd for soil samples were 0.17 ppm to 12.41 ppm and 0.04 ppm to 1.79 ppm. While available Ni and Cd in sludge samples were 3.03 ppm to 8.55 ppm and 1.68 ppm to 27.07 ppm, respectively. The carbon content for soil and sludge samples varied from 0.15% to 1.60%, respectively. Total nitrogen for soil and sludge samples varied from 0.20% to 0.67% and 0.63% to 0.35% respectively. Electrical conductivity (EC) was 0.40 to 6.25 dS/m and 18.04 dS/m to 20.40 dS/m in soil and sludge samples. The chemical oxygen demand in soil and sludge samples were 200 to 1080 mg/l and 2000 to 3600 mg/l. Total and available Cd in effluent samples varied from 0.48 to 4.83 ppm and 0.02 ppm to 1.62 ppm, respectively. Total and available Ni in effluent samples varied 1.54 ppm to 180.05 ppm and 0.27 ppm to 61.62 ppm. The carbon content and total nitrogen in effluent samples varied from 0.15% to 0.34% and 0.09% to 0.19%. EC and COD in effluent samples varied from 6.50 to 62.95 dS/m and 680 to 5600 mg/l. A total of 11 heavy metal resistant bacterial isolates differing in their morphology were picked up from soils and sludge. SdCd-1 and SdCd-2 have spherical, brownish cream, smooth, slimy colony and spherical, brownish cream, smooth, slimy colony, but SdCd-3 and SdCd-4 were spherical, cream, rough, slimy colony and irregular, light brown, rough, large colony and SdCd-5 was spherical, shiny cream, smooth and slimy colony. Where as, SdCd-6 and SdCd-7 were spherical, white, smooth, slightly slimy colony and spherical, cream, smooth, very slimy colony, respectively. The isolate No.SNi-1and SNi-2 were irregular, yellow, smooth, slightly slimy colony and irregular, brownish cream, small colony. But isolate No.SNi-3 and SNi-4 were spherical, white, slightly slimy, small colony and irregular, cream, very slimy, small colony. Based on heavy metal resistance only four isolates (SdCd-1, SdCd-7, SNi-1 and SNi-3) were finally selected for subsequent studies. Heavy metal resistant pattern of isolates was determined by growing isolates on media plates containing 0-100 ppm of Ni and Cd and effluent samples with 180.05 ppm Ni and 4.83 ppm Cd. The maximum tolerance concentration (MTC) of SdCd-1 and SdCd-7 was 80 ppm and 70 ppm, respectively. Where as, with SNi-1 and SNi-3 MTC was 100 and 80 ppm in media with heavy metals. All Ni and Cd resistant bacteria showed poor growth on media even with diluted effluent samples. The SdCd-1 and SNi-3 were more efficient in reducing Cd (24%) and Ni (40%) from media, respectively, where asSdCd-7 and SNi-1 were more efficient in reducing Cd (47%) and Ni (3%) from effluent samples. The isolate SdCd-7 was identified as Pseudomonas sp. whereas, SdCd-1, SNi-1 and SNi-3 belonged to Bacillus sp.