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Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar
Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University popularly known as HAU, is one of Asia's biggest agricultural universities, located at Hisar in the Indian state of Haryana. It is named after India's seventh Prime Minister, Chaudhary Charan Singh. It is a leader in agricultural research in India and contributed significantly to Green Revolution and White Revolution in India in the 1960s and 70s. It has a very large campus and has several research centres throughout the state. It won the Indian Council of Agricultural Research's Award for the Best Institute in 1997. HAU was initially a campus of Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana. After the formation of Haryana in 1966, it became an autonomous institution on February 2, 1970 through a Presidential Ordinance, later ratified as Haryana and Punjab Agricultural Universities Act, 1970, passed by the Lok Sabha on March 29, 1970. A. L. Fletcher, the first Vice-Chancellor of the university, was instrumental in its initial growth.
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ThesisItem Open Access Biomass and nutrient dynamics in Eucalyptus based agroforestry system as affected by tree spacing(CCSHAU, 2019) Tarun Kumar; Bimlendra KumariThe present investigation entitled “Biomass and nutrient dynamics in Eucalyptus based agroforestry system as affected by tree spacing” was carried out in research area of Forestry Department, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar during 2014-15 and 2015-16. The study was conducted with the objectives to evaluate the effect of different spatial arrangements (3×3 m, 6×1.5 m and paired row 17×1×1 m) on growth and nutrient budget of Eucalyptus in terms of height and Diameter at breast height (DBH) under different spacings showed a rising trend with advancement of age. The height of Eucalyptus after seven and eight years of age was observed at par for 3×3 m and 6×1.5 m spacings, while it varied significantly for other 17×1×1 m spacing combinations in both the years under agroforestry system. However, the Current Annual Increment (CAI) for DBH was significantly more under 3×3 m spacing than other spacings but it was observed at par for 6×1.5 m and 17×1×1 m spacings. The CAI for height, DBH and canopy width were affected significantly at 5% level of significance. CAI for height and DBH were significantly higher in a spacing of 3×3 m in comparison to other spacings. The CAI for crown width was significantly higher in spacing of 6×1.5 m but it was found at par for 3×3 m and 17×1×1 m in the both the years. There was a significant amount of variation between the litter fall patterns under different spacings of Eucalyptus during summer, winter and rainy season. The maximum amount of litter fall was observed in 3×3 m spacing during winter season. Highest decomposition rate was observed July-August followed by June-July. The decomposition rate was stimulated with high temperature and high humidity during rainy season. The maximum N, P and K were added in 6×1.5 m spacing followed by 17×1×1 m spacing and minimum added nitrogen was found in 3×3 m spacing. N, P and K uptake 17×1×1 m, 6×1.5 m and 3×3 m respectively. The maximum N, P and K balance was observed in 3×3 m spacing followed by 6×1.5 m spacing and 17×1×1 m spacing.ThesisItem Open Access Effect of nitrogen levels on wheat varieties under agri-silvi-horticultural system(CCSHAU, 2017) Johar, Vishal; Dhillon, R.S.The present investigation entitled “Effect of nitrogen levels on wheat varieties under agri-silvihorticultural system” was carried out in research area of Forestry Department, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar during 2015-16 and 2016-17 to study the effect of nutrient levels on yield attributes, yield and quality parameters of different wheat varieties (WH-1105, HD-2967, WH-711 and DPW-621- 50) in already established five year old agri-horti and agri-silvi-horti systems. The growth of eucalyptus and kinnow under both agri-silvi-horti and agri-horti system increased sharply with the advancement of age. Eucalyptus attained maximum (7.2 cm) CAI for basal diameter followed by DBH (5.1 cm) during the age of six year which shows that the eucalyptus achieved sufficient biomass during 6th year of growth. The additional dose of nitrogen (10, 20 and 30 per cent) to the recommended dose of fertilizer (RDF) in both the agroforestry based systems increased the growth, yield attributes and yield of different wheat varieties however; the difference between further additional doses of N to the RDF was nonsignificant. Among different wheat varieties, HD-2967 was found the most shade tolerant and exhibited higher plant height, number of tillers, number of spikes, spike length, number of grains per spike, grain and straw yield etc under both the agroforestry based systems. Whereas, the variety WH-711 was found be the most sensitive to shade and exhibited poor growth, yield attributes traits and yield. However, grain, straw and biological yield of different wheat varieties was found higher in agri-horti system over agri-silvi-horti system due to more competition among the annuals and perennials in agri-silvi-horti system. Different quality parameters viz. protein content, gluten content, sedimentation value, grain hardness etc. in different wheat varieties was observed higher in agri-horti and agri-silvi-horti system over sole cropping system. Higher protein content, grain hardness and grain luster were recorded in HD- 2967 while, variety WH-711 exhibited higher gluten content and sedimentation values under both the agroforestry based systems. Soil EC and pH decreased considerably under both the agroforestry based systems. However, soil organic carbon, available nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium increased significantly over the control (sole crop). After six year of experimentation the higher B:C ratio was recorded in agri-silvi-horti (2.06) followed by agri-horti (1.66) and sole cropping (1.39). Hence, agrisilvi- horti and agri-horti systems are economically viable, improve the soil health and provide nutrient security. Therefore, agroforestry based systems are eco-friendly and a way to increase the farmer’s income.ThesisItem Open Access Evaluation of poplar (Populus deltoides) for spacing under nursery and field plantation(CCSHAU, 2017) Pradyuman Singh; Bangarwa, K.S.The present investigation entitled “Evaluation of poplar (Populus deltoides) for spacing under nursery and field plantation” was carried out at Yamunangar district, Haryana during 2015-16 and 2016-17 to study the effect of different spatial arrangements (4.26 × 4.26 m, 3.96 × 3.96 m, 3.65 × 3.65 m, 4.87 × 2.74 m and 3.65 × 2.13 m spacings) and different clones (WSL-39,WSL-22,WSL-8, G- 48 and G-3) up to 7 years old poplar plantation in farmers fields. The growth attributes (height and dbh) were significantly influenced in association with all the five spatial arrangements of poplar. Wider spacing (4.26 × 4.26 m) of poplar was found best for growth characters (height and dbh) of poplar followed by 3.96 × 3.96 m, 3.65 × 3.65 m, 4.87 × 2.74 m and 3.65 × 2.13 m spacings. However, among different poplar clones, the height and dbh were recorded significantly higher in poplar clone WSL-39 which was followed by WSL-22, WSL-81, G-48 and G-3 in wider spacing (4.26 × 4.26 m) up to a seven year. The poplar clone WSL-39 gave maximum volume and weight in all the spacings such as 4.26 × 4.26 m, 3.96 × 3.96 m, 3.65 × 3.65 m, 4.26 × 4.26 m and 3.65 × 2.13 m. Though the weight and volume of poplar clones WSL-22 and WSL-81 was at par with clone WSL-39 at the spacing of 4.26 × 4.26 m spacing. The cost and income analysis for growing poplar in intercropping with sugarcane and wheat under different spacings indicated that highest B-C ratio (2.94), internal rate of return (48.51%) and net present worth ( Rs. 3, 75,584.9 hectare-1) was obtained under 4.87 × 2.74 m spacing. However, highest B-C ratio (3.89), internal rate of return (51.24 %) and net present worth (Rs. 4,22,749.30 hectare-1) was recorded from Poplar- Sugarcane- Sorghum-wheat crop rotation under 4.87 × 2.74 m spacing. In poplar-Sorghum- berseem crop rotation, highest net present worth (Rs. 3, 47,939.6 hectare-1), B-C ratio (2.65) and internal rate of return (43.64 %) was found in 3.65 × 3.65 m spacing. In 3.65 × 3.65 m spacing, the highest B-C ratio ((3.12), internal rate of return (48.55 %) and net present worth (Rs. 2, 76, 283.32 hectare-1) was also recorded from Poplar- Sorghum-wheat crop rotation. On the other hand, under different spacings of poplar nursery the highest net benefit (Rs. 2, 11,532) was recorded under 60 × 40 cm spacing during the year 2015-16. However, during 2016-17, the higher net benefit (Rs.1, 82,983) was recorded under 70×35 cm spacing.ThesisItem Open Access Exploration, germplasm collection and evaluation in Acacia nilotica (L.) Willd. ex Del.(CCSHAU, 2017) Singhdoha, Amit; Dhillon, R.S.The ecological, social and economic importance of Acacia nilotica and decline of its population in its natural habitat promoted the present study. Based on an intensive survey sixty trees were selected from natural populations of six different provenances viz. Firozpur, Roopnagar, Sonipat, Dausa, Nagaur and Hanumangarh. Quality pods/seeds were collected from individual selected tree and subsequently studied for pod/seed morphological characters, progeny testing and seed storability. The wide range of variation in different morphological characters viz. total tree height, diameter at breast height, clear bole height, crown diameter and straightness from selected trees was observed. Similarly, a substantial variation in pod and seed characters was recorded. Among different provenances, collected pods/seeds from Dausa provenances had maximum average value for pod length (15.08 cm), number of seeds per pod (11.21), seed length (8.01 mm), seed width (7.01 mm), seed thickness (3.97 mm) and seed weight (17.27). However, minimum values for above traits were recorded in Firozpur provenance. The GCV ranged from 1.29 (seed length) to 10.81 percent (seed weight). Highest value of heritability (78.06 %) coupled with moderate genetic advance (19.67 %) was observed for seed weight. Genotypic and phenotypic correlations studies revealed significantly positive association among pod and seed traits. In progeny testing, the seeds from accession RH7 from Hanumangarh provenance showed highest field emergence (78 %). While, the progenies of accession RD5 from Dausa showed maximum shoot length (202.70 cm) and root length (129.00 cm) at the age of 12 months in the nursery. The dendrogram based on Euclidean distances grouped all the 60 progenies from selected trees into seven clusters. The inter cluster distance was found maximum (6.059) between Clusters II and V. Therefore, hybridization between the genotypes from these clusters is expected to yield heterotic crossbreeds. The magnitude of PCV was higher than the corresponding GCV for all the growth characters of the progenies from selected trees under study. High heritability (in broad sense) coupled with moderate genetic advance was found for percent germination, root length, straightness and numbers of branches per plant. Shoot length showed positive correlations with root length, number of branches, shoot weight, root-shoot ratio, fresh seedling weight and dry seedling weight. Seed viability, germination, seed vigor index-I and seed vigor index-II decreased with the advancement of seed storability period. However, electrical conductivity of seeds increased with the passage of storability period. However, among different provenances, the seed lot from Nagaur provenance retained maximum vigour and viability even after 18 months of storability.ThesisItem Open Access Effect of various spatial arrangements of Eucalyptus tereticornis on growth and yield of wheat varieties(CCSHAU, 2017) Bisht, Vinita; Bangarwa, K.S.The present investigation entitled “Effect of various spatial arrangements of Eucalyptus tereticornis on growth and yield of wheat varieties” was carried out at research area of Forestry Department, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar during winter seasons of 2013-14 and 2014-15 to study the effect of different spatial arrangements (3×3 m, 6×1.5 m and paired row 17×1×1 m) and different row directions (East-West and North- South) after completing 7 and 8 years of age of Eucalypts on the performance of different wheat varieties (HD- 2967, WH-542, DPW-621-50, HD-943 and WH-1105). Production of various wheat varieties was significantly reduced in association with all the three spatial arrangements of Eucalypts in comparison to control. Paired row planting (17×1×1 m) of Eucalypts was found best for production of wheat followed by 6×1.5 m and 3×3 m. Among wheat varieties, variety HD-2967 produced significantly higher number of total tillers, effective tillers, spike length, grain weight per spike, number of grains per spike, test weight, grain and straw yield in paired row (17×1×1 m) planting than planting at 6×1.5 m and 3×3 m during 2013-14 and 2014-15. The variety WH-1105 was found to be very sensitive to shade and exhibited very poor growth, yield attributing characters and yield under different spatial arrangements of Eucalypts however, it showed highest growth and yield under control. Growth of Eucalypts was significantly higher in 3×3 m planting than 6×1.5 m and paired row planting (17×1×1 m). The organic carbon in soil increased with the decrease in tree spacing and was maximum (0.72%) under 3×3 m spacing and which had followed the order of 3×3 m >6×1.5 m >17×1×1 m > control after the harvesting of wheat crop during 2014-15. On the other hand, in different row directions of bund planted Eucalypts after the harvest of wheat crop, the organic carbon was found significantly higher up to 2 m distance from Eucalypts tree line during 2014- 15. The available nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium were also significantly influenced by row directions of bund planted Eucalypts as in organic carbon. The significant differences in total tillers, effective tillers, spike length, grain weight per spike, number of grains per spike, test weight, grain and straw yield were also observed in all the four aspects during both the years. Among different wheat varieties, HD-2967 recorded maximum number of spikes, spike length, grain weight per spike, number of grains per spike, test weight, grain and straw yield in southern aspect, at all the distances (2, 4, 6, 8 and 10 m) from tree line followed by variety DPW-621-50 and WH- 542 during 2013-14 and 2014-15.The reduction in wheat production was maximum in northern aspect followed by eastern and western aspect. The variety WH-1105 exhibited lesser number of growth and yield attributing parameters in all the four aspects of East-West and North-South Eucalypts bund plantation however, it showed higher number of growth and yield attributing parameters in control during both the years under the study.ThesisItem Open Access Studies on the effect of agri-silvihorticultural system on yield and quality parameters of winter crops(CCSHAU, 2014) Dalal, Virender; Kaushik, J.C.A field experiment entitled “Study on the effect of agri-silvi-horticultural system on yield and quality parameters of winter crops”, was conducted on already established silvi-horticultural system of agro-forestry at CCS H.A.U. Regional Research Station, Bawal (Rewari) during the Rabi seasons of 2011-12 and 2012-13, in which, Dalbergia sissoo and Prosopis cineraria were taken as forest tree species and Psidium guajava and Embilica officinalis as horticulture trees planted at 6×6 m distance. Winter crops (wheat and barley) were taken in association with perennial woody plants thus forming agri-silvi-horticultural system of agro-forestry. The seeds of wheat cv. WH-711 and Barley cv. BH-393 were sown in line in interspaces. Under agri-silvi-horticultural system, there was no significant effect of woody trees on the germination of wheat, barley and oat crops as well as sole crops during both the seasons of 2011-12 and 2012-13. The number of tillers, plant height, dry weight per meter row length, yield of grains per hectare, green fodder yield and number of green leaves, fresh leaf weight and fresh stem weight per plant of sole crops were significantly higher than agri-silvi-horticulture systems. Among the agri-silvi-horticulture system, guava+kehjri exhibited the highest yield. All quality parameters viz., protein content, sedimentation value and gluten in wheat and protein content in barley, were significantly lower in crops grown as sole crop than the crops grown as intercrops with woody trees in different combinations. However, within agri-silvi-horticulture system, the quality parameters were at par during both the years of observation. The protein content in sole wheat crop was significantly lower than other treatments. Available N was highest at surface layer of guava+khejri based combination and minimum in sole wheat, barley and oat. Similar trend was observed in Available P and K also. The lowest EC in wheat, barley and oat was recorded under guava+Khejri based combinations. The organic carbon content of soil in wheat, barley and oat under agri-silvihorticulture system was significantly higher than sole wheat, barley and oat at 0-30 cm depth but it decreased with increasing soil depth. Based on two years’ average, the maximum net return was obtained when barley was intercropped with guava+khejri and the benefit: cost ratio was higher in guava+Shisham combination rather than sole cropping.ThesisItem Open Access Characterization of seed sources of sissoo (Dalbergia sissoo roxb.) using molecular markers(CCSHAU, 2015) Kavita; Bimlendra KumariThe ecological and economic importance of Dalbergia sissoo and declination of its population in its natural habitat promoted the present study. Based on desired economically important characters, seed sources were selected from nine provenances covering different agro-ecological regions of Haryana. The progeny testing was done for one year in the nursery of Forestry department, CCS H.A.U., Hisar. Genetic diversity was evaluated by using RAPD markers. Significant variations were observed among the provenances as well as agroecological regions for all the plus tree characters viz., total height, diameter at breast height, clear bole height, crown spread and straightness. Correlation among most of the characters was also significant with maximum value 0.923 between total height and diameter at breast height. Variations among morphological characters of pods and seeds were significant. High heritability with high genetic advance was observed for pod and seed weight character. The maximum genotypic and phenotypic correlation (0.598 and 0.519) was observed between seeds per pod and 100 pod weight, and seed length and 100 seed weight, respectively. Ample genetic variation was also observed for germination percentage, seedling height, collar diameter, number of branches per seedling, height of first branch, root length, fresh weight and dry weight among the progenies of the selected plus trees. Fresh weight and dry weight characters were found highly significantly correlated, followed by root length and total height. Among all the progenies, the progeny of Ambala seed sources at a stage of six month and Hisar progenies at 12 month age was found outstanding. Genetic diversity among the plus tree progenies assessed with the help of 60 RAPD primers displayed the values of genetic similarity coefficient ranging from 0.49 to 0.81, which indicated a broad genetic base of Dalbergia sissoo in selected area of Haryana state.ThesisItem Open Access Effect of various spatial arrangements of Populus deltoides on growth and yield of wheat varieties(CCSHAU, 2016) Sirohi, Chhavi; Bangarwa, K.S.The present investigation entitled “Effect of various spatial arrangements of Populus deltoides on growth and yield of wheat varieties” was carriedout at research area of Forestry Department, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar during winter seasons of 2013-14 and 2014-15 to study the effect of different spatial arrangements(5 × 4 m, 10 × 2 m and paired row 18 × 2 × 2 m) and different row directions (East-West and North-South) after completing 7 years and 8 years of age of poplar on the performance of different wheat varieties (HD-2967, WH-542, DPW-621-50, HD-943 and WH-1105). Production of various wheat varieties was significantly reduced in association with all the three spatial arrangements of poplar in comparison to control. Paired row planting (18 × 2 × 2 m) of poplar was found best for production of wheat followed by 10 × 2 m and 5 × 4 m. Among wheat varieties, variety HD-2967 produced significantly higher number of total tillers, effective tillers, number of spikes, spike length, number of grains/spike, test weight, grain and straw yield in paired row (18 × 2× 2 m) planting than planting at 10 × 2 m and 5 × 4 mduring 2013-14 and 2014-15. The variety WH-1105 was found to be very sensitive to shade and exhibited very poor growth, yield attributing characters and yield under different spatial arrangements of poplar however, it showed highest growth and yield under control. Growth of poplar was significantly higher in 5 × 4 m planting than 10 × 2 m and paired row planting (18 × 2 × 2 m). The organiccarbon in soil increased with the decrease in tree spacing and was maximum (0.74%) under 5 × 4 m spacing and which had followed the order of 5 × 4 m >10 × 2 m >18 × 2 × 2 m > control after the harvesting of wheat crop during 2014-15. On the other hand, in different row directions of bund planted poplar after the harvest of wheat crop, the organic carbon was found significantly higher up to 2 m distance from poplar tree line during 2014-15. The available nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium were also significantly influenced by row directions of bund planted poplar as in organic carbon. The significant differences in total tillers, effective tillers, number of spikes, spike length, number of grains/spike, test weight, grain and straw yield were also observed in all the four aspects during both the years. Among different wheat varieties, HD-2967 recorded maximum number of spikes, spike length, number of grains/spike, test weight, grain and straw yield in southern aspect, at all the distances (2, 4, 6, 8 and 10 m) from tree line followed by variety WH-542 and DPW-621-50 during 2013-14 and 2014-15.The reduction in wheat production was maximum in northern aspect followed by eastern and western aspect. The variety WH-1105 exhibited lesser number of growth and yield attributing parameters in all the four aspects of East-West and North-South poplar bund plantation however, it showed higher number of growth and yield attributing parameters in control during both the years under the study.ThesisItem Open Access Studies on genotypic and phenotypic variations in Dalbergia sissoo Roxb(CCSHAU, 2016) Khajuria, Sanjay; Bangrwa, K.S.The present investigation entitled “Studies on genotypic and phenotypic variations in Dalbergia sissoo Roxb.” was carried out in three broad experiments viz; extent of phenotypic variation in various geographical sites, provenance evaluation for seed storability and loss of vigor during storage and provenance cum progeny testing. Substantial amount of variability was observed for total tree height, diameter at breast height, clean bole height, unforked height, straightness and crown diameter in natural populations of six diverse provenances viz; Ferozpur from Punjab, Reasi from Jammu and Kashmir, Hanumangarh from Rajasthan, Meerut and Basti from Uttar Pradesh and Udham Singh Nagar from Uttrakhand. The maximum variability was observed for unforked height followed by straightness. However, on the overall basis, maximum variability was observed in Udham Singh Nagar from Uttrakhand. The considerable variations in seed viability and germination percentage among different provenances were also observed. Germination percentage immediately after collection was quite high. Significant differences were recorded for germination per cent among the different provenances. The germination per cent immediately after collection ranged from 82.6% in Meerut provenance to 91.2% in Udham Singh Nagar provenance with an average of 86.6 per cent. The germination per cent after storage of 18 months varied from 75.3% in Meerut provenance to 80.4% in Hanumangarh provenance with an average of 77.8 per cent. The reduction in germination per cent after storage of 18 months was found minimum in Hanumangarh provenance. The mean sum of squares due to progenies were highly significant for all the characters viz., total height, basal diameter, unforked height, clear bole height, root length, fresh weight, dry weight, total dry biomass, plant straightness, root weight and shoot weight which indicated the presence of ample genetic variation for all the characters under study. The magnitude of phenotypic coefficient of variation was higher than the corresponding genotypic coefficient of variation for all the characters. Heritability estimates in broad sense were more than 65% for important growth characters like, total height, basal diameter, unforked height and clear bole height. Index score analysis carried out in sixty progenies of Dalbergia sissoo from six provenances revealed that the progeny of BST-59 from Basti provenance, FZP-1, FZP-4 and FZP-5 from Firozepur provenance were found best with highest index score of 32 followed by progeny of BST-58 from Basti provenance with index score of 31 and the progenies of FZP-10 from Ferozpur provenance, MRF-33 from Meerut provenance, USN-48 from Udamsingh Nagar provenance and BST-53 and BST-60 from Basti provenance with index score of 30. Progenies of FZP-4 from Ferozpur, BST-60, BST-59 and BST-57 from Basti provenance were found promising for total height and basal diameter. Based on growth performance of progenies, Basti provenance was found best followed by Ferozpur provenance. Seed sources from Basti and Ferozpur were found superior.