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Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar
Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University popularly known as HAU, is one of Asia's biggest agricultural universities, located at Hisar in the Indian state of Haryana. It is named after India's seventh Prime Minister, Chaudhary Charan Singh. It is a leader in agricultural research in India and contributed significantly to Green Revolution and White Revolution in India in the 1960s and 70s. It has a very large campus and has several research centres throughout the state. It won the Indian Council of Agricultural Research's Award for the Best Institute in 1997. HAU was initially a campus of Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana. After the formation of Haryana in 1966, it became an autonomous institution on February 2, 1970 through a Presidential Ordinance, later ratified as Haryana and Punjab Agricultural Universities Act, 1970, passed by the Lok Sabha on March 29, 1970. A. L. Fletcher, the first Vice-Chancellor of the university, was instrumental in its initial growth.
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ThesisItem Open Access Seed Source Variation for Seed and Seedling Characters in Kair [Capparis decidua (Forsk.) Edgew.](CCSHAU, 2006) Kalu Ram; Bangarwa, K. S.Seeds were collected from five randomly selected trees of Capparis decidua from each of two sites from Rajasthan (Hanumangarh, Bhadra) and Haryana (Sirsa, Hisar) provenances during September 2005. The seeds of all the twenty progenies arising from four provenances were used for provenance testing in nursery and seed storage up to six months. Fruit diameter ranged from 14.79 to 22.88 mm with a general mean of 17.83 mm. Variability for fruit diameter was comparatively higher in Hanumangarh and Sirsa. Analysis of variance showed the presence of significant variation among progenies for germination per cent, plant height and collar diameter, whereas significant variation among provenances were observed for plant height and collar diameter. Medium values of phenotypic coefficient of variation and little difference from genotypic coefficient of variation were observed for all the three characters, viz., germination per cent, plant height and collar diameter. Heritability estimates and genetic advance were also found high for all the characters under study. Progeny number 8 from Bhadra provenance was found overall best for all the three characters viz., germination per cent, plant height and collar diameter. Progeny number 6 from Bhadra was found significantly superior than general mean for plant height and collar diameter whereas progeny number 1 from Hanumangarh was found significantly superior than general mean for germination per cent and plant height. In general, the provenances like Hanumangarh and Bhadra were found superior for seedling characters. Standard germination of fresh seeds varied from 53.74 per cent in progeny no.17 from Hisar to 62.21 per cent in progeny no.1 from Hanumangarh with a mean of 59.08 per cent. The average germination per cent of fresh seed (59.08) was reduced to 44.87 per cent three months after storage and which was further reduced to 32.73 per cent six months after storage. The reduction in both vigour index-I and vigour index-II were observed higher than standard germination for all the progenies up to six months of storage.ThesisItem Open Access Vegetative propagation of Dalbergia sissoo (Roxb.) through stem cutting(CCSHAU, 2006) Praveen Kumar; Bimlendra KumariThe experiment was conducted in the nursery of the Department of Forestry in CCS, Haryana Agricultural University (India) during February and August season of 2003-04. The cuttings taken form 8 to 10 years old tree from three zones of canopy i.e. upper, middle and lower with thickness i.e. 0.5 cm to 1.0 cm diameter (thin) and 1.1 cm to 1.5 cm (thick). These cutting treated with different plant growth regulators viz. indole-3-butyric acid, indole-3-acetic acid, nepthalic acid at three concentration levels i.e. 1000 ppm, 500 ppm, 250 and combination of thiamine with 500 ppm of each growth regulator. The experiment was laid out in completely randomized design with three replication. The results revealed that cutting planted in February season gave better percentage of rooting (60.6%), number of roots per cutting (4.0), root length (12.0 cm) per cutting and weight of roots (0.37g) than August planted cuttings. All the roots characteristics obtained were better with thick cutting than thin cutting and canopy levels followed the trend of lower, middle and upper canopy i.e. cutting from the lower canopy gave best results. IBA 1000 ppm was most effective in sprouting (75.5%) and rooting (66.4%) of Dalbergia sissoo stem cutting. All the PGRs treatment gave significantly better results in both the season with all the canopy levels and with thick as well as thin cutting over control. From the studies, it was concluded that when the cutting of Dalbergia sissoo is taken from lower canopy with diameter 1.1-1.5 cm (thick) treated with indole-3-butyric acid 1000 ppm planted in February season gave the best results with respect to duration of sprouting, percentage of sprouting, number of leaves per cutting, number of roots per cutting, weight of root and shoot, percentage of rooting and rootshoot weight ratio and average length of root per cutting.ThesisItem Open Access Allelopathic Interactions In Inter-Cropping Systems With Jatropha Curcas L. On Summer And Winter Crops(Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University; Hisar, 2007) Singh, Manoj Kumar; Bisla, S.S.ThesisItem Open Access Studies on the effect of agri-silvihorticultural system on yield and quality parameters of winter crops(CCSHAU, 2014) Dalal, Virender; Kaushik, J.C.A field experiment entitled “Study on the effect of agri-silvi-horticultural system on yield and quality parameters of winter crops”, was conducted on already established silvi-horticultural system of agro-forestry at CCS H.A.U. Regional Research Station, Bawal (Rewari) during the Rabi seasons of 2011-12 and 2012-13, in which, Dalbergia sissoo and Prosopis cineraria were taken as forest tree species and Psidium guajava and Embilica officinalis as horticulture trees planted at 6×6 m distance. Winter crops (wheat and barley) were taken in association with perennial woody plants thus forming agri-silvi-horticultural system of agro-forestry. The seeds of wheat cv. WH-711 and Barley cv. BH-393 were sown in line in interspaces. Under agri-silvi-horticultural system, there was no significant effect of woody trees on the germination of wheat, barley and oat crops as well as sole crops during both the seasons of 2011-12 and 2012-13. The number of tillers, plant height, dry weight per meter row length, yield of grains per hectare, green fodder yield and number of green leaves, fresh leaf weight and fresh stem weight per plant of sole crops were significantly higher than agri-silvi-horticulture systems. Among the agri-silvi-horticulture system, guava+kehjri exhibited the highest yield. All quality parameters viz., protein content, sedimentation value and gluten in wheat and protein content in barley, were significantly lower in crops grown as sole crop than the crops grown as intercrops with woody trees in different combinations. However, within agri-silvi-horticulture system, the quality parameters were at par during both the years of observation. The protein content in sole wheat crop was significantly lower than other treatments. Available N was highest at surface layer of guava+khejri based combination and minimum in sole wheat, barley and oat. Similar trend was observed in Available P and K also. The lowest EC in wheat, barley and oat was recorded under guava+Khejri based combinations. The organic carbon content of soil in wheat, barley and oat under agri-silvihorticulture system was significantly higher than sole wheat, barley and oat at 0-30 cm depth but it decreased with increasing soil depth. Based on two years’ average, the maximum net return was obtained when barley was intercropped with guava+khejri and the benefit: cost ratio was higher in guava+Shisham combination rather than sole cropping.ThesisItem Open Access Characterization of seed sources of sissoo (Dalbergia sissoo roxb.) using molecular markers(CCSHAU, 2015) Kavita; Bimlendra KumariThe ecological and economic importance of Dalbergia sissoo and declination of its population in its natural habitat promoted the present study. Based on desired economically important characters, seed sources were selected from nine provenances covering different agro-ecological regions of Haryana. The progeny testing was done for one year in the nursery of Forestry department, CCS H.A.U., Hisar. Genetic diversity was evaluated by using RAPD markers. Significant variations were observed among the provenances as well as agroecological regions for all the plus tree characters viz., total height, diameter at breast height, clear bole height, crown spread and straightness. Correlation among most of the characters was also significant with maximum value 0.923 between total height and diameter at breast height. Variations among morphological characters of pods and seeds were significant. High heritability with high genetic advance was observed for pod and seed weight character. The maximum genotypic and phenotypic correlation (0.598 and 0.519) was observed between seeds per pod and 100 pod weight, and seed length and 100 seed weight, respectively. Ample genetic variation was also observed for germination percentage, seedling height, collar diameter, number of branches per seedling, height of first branch, root length, fresh weight and dry weight among the progenies of the selected plus trees. Fresh weight and dry weight characters were found highly significantly correlated, followed by root length and total height. Among all the progenies, the progeny of Ambala seed sources at a stage of six month and Hisar progenies at 12 month age was found outstanding. Genetic diversity among the plus tree progenies assessed with the help of 60 RAPD primers displayed the values of genetic similarity coefficient ranging from 0.49 to 0.81, which indicated a broad genetic base of Dalbergia sissoo in selected area of Haryana state.ThesisItem Open Access Studies on seed germination and storability of Rohida(CCSHAU, 2008) Ravi Kant; Bimlendra KumariThe present investigation was carried out on Rohida seeds. The seed material was collected from four different seed sources viz., Churu, Ding Mandi, Jhumpa and Rajgarh. The present study was conducted during 2005-06 at nursery area of Department of Forestry and laboratories of Department of Seed Science and Technology and Department of Forestry CCS HAU, Hisar. The objective of investigation was: To evaluate different seed sources for seed viability, germination and seedling growth behavior; To determine the storability of Rohida seed. Various morphological characters of Rohida trees from four different geographical locations were recorded and seeds were collected from the selected trees. Seed quality parameters such as seed size (length and breadth), colour, test weight, germination percent (74 %), speed of germination (13.63 %), radicle (6.30 cm) and plumule length(5.30 cm), seedling dry weight (415.60 mg), dehydrogenase activity (1.40), electrical conductivity vigour index I and II were studied of freshly harvested seeds and then stored in ambient storage conditions. The seeds of all the four different places were aged artificially at various time (24, 48 and 72 h) and temperature (40±1oC) variables. Accelerated ageing of seeds for 24 h at 40±1oC produced a clear separation and provide better results. Then seeds of all the four different places were tested to study physiological basis for loss in viability. It was observed that standard germination, seedling length, dry weight, vigour index I, vigour index II and viability percentage was found maximum in Rajgarh seed source.ThesisItem Open Access Studies on breeding of Common carp (Cyprinus carpio Lin.) using modified breeding technique(CCSHAU, 2010) Verma, Nitin; Gupta, R.K.Common carp (Cyprinus carpio) is one among the earliest species to be cultured. Its maturation and breeding is affected by biotic and abiotic environmental conditions of water. Nutrition is known to have profound effect upon gonadal growth as well as larval development. Common carp breeding is still very traditional in India, including Haryana.Quantity of common carp seed which is available is needed to be most economic and technique should be such that the resources are utilized most efficiently to meet the demand of farmers and entrepreneurs. The field experiment was designed under four sets of pond with three replicates and one controlled experimental pond. Fish weight, length, gonad weight, Gonado somatic index and fecundity were estimated for observing maturity of fishes. The effect of nutritious feed and environmental conditions on fertilization, hatching and survival of larvae were also studied. In the field experiment wide range of seasonal fluctuations were observed in the following factors. Water temperature showed a range of 9-28.5°C throughout the experiment. There was not much fluctuation in all the experimental pools. Conductivity values for different experimental pools were different and minimum value was recorded during onset of winter season. The pH values were found to range between 5.2 -7.3. During initial stages the pH value were lower and showed a gradual increase in the later stages. The variation in DO values ranged from 4.2-7.28 mg/l in different experimental ponds. DO content increased with higher production of photosynthetic organisms. Free CO2 varied between 0.03-6 mg/l. On cloudy day maximum free CO2 content was found initially because of more concentration of phytoplankton. Pattern of changes in both carbonate and bicarbonate alkalinities in different experimental sets were more or less similar. The carbonate alkalinity was observed to show a reverse trend to that of free CO2. It ranged between 0-5.6 mg/l. Bicarbonate alkalinity ranged from 86 to 124 mg/l in all experimental pools during the experiment. The BOD was higher initially. The value ranged between 0.48-8.96 mg/l. Some fluctuation is found in Hardness ranged between 156-189.7 ppm. Plankton volume ranged between 0.015- 0.018 cc/l in different experimental sets. Highest plankton volume was recorded in 1st week of February. The Gross primary productivity value was found to be low during clouds and rain. Fertilization, hatching and fry produced were also observed and found to be highest in the hatchlings produced from 6:1 male to female ratio. The highest growth was observed in hatchlings that were fed on rice bran & mustard oil cake in 1:1@150% of initial body weight.ThesisItem Open Access Studies on growth potential, market trend and wood volume tables of poplar (Populus deltoides) grown in Haryana(CCSHAU, 2012) Doha, Amit Singh; Bangarwa, K. S.The present investigation entitled “Studies on growth potential, market trend and wood volume tables of poplar (Populus deltoides) grown in Haryana” was carried out in the Yamunanagar district of Haryana, India. One to 6 years old plantations of poplar (G 48) with spacing’s of 5×4 m, 4×4 m, 6×3 m were selected for recording data in order to find out growth potential (height and DBH). Current annual increment for basal diameter was observed highest in 5 × 4 m spacing during all the six years as well as on the overall basis. The current annual increment for total height were in increasing order up to 4th year in all the three spacing as well as on overall basis. The rate of growth for total height was in decreasing order from 4th year to 6th year in all the three spacing. Ninety one randomly selected trees were sampled to predict the weight and volume table for poplar tree. Four equations were fitted using linear and non linear regression techniques to predict the volume table. Two models (Schumacher and Hall and single-entry) were used to predict the green timber weight. Results were statistically and graphically analyzed. All equations had very good-fit statistics. The Schumacher and Hall model was selected to estimate the volume of standing poplar trees in Haryana. It is not always easy to measure total height of each standing tree, which is both time consuming and cumbersome. Therefore, regression equation of timber volume based on DBH alone was also worked out. Survey of Yamunanagar market was conducted to find out prices of four types of poplar wood pieces. Prices of all the four types of poplar wood pieces for the last four years were recorded from randomly selected ten poplar wood purchasing units. Market survey for poplar wood suggests increasing trend from 2004 for all the four categories (over, under, sokta and dandi). The increase in poplar wood price for the last 3 years was comparatively low.ThesisItem Open Access Effects of salinity on physiological and growth parameters of Melia composita Willd. at establishment stage(CCSHAU, 2015) Varma, Suraj; Beniwal, R.S.The objectives of present investigation were to assess the extent of salt tolerance in Melia composita seedlings at establishment stage and also to study the effect of salinity levels (control, 4, 8, 12, 16, 20, 24, 28, 32, 36 and 40 dSm-1) on various physiological and growth parameters. In this experiment, seeds from selected plus tree were grown in pots in screen house containing sand and soil in 2:1 proportion. Six seeds were sown in each pot; however, after germination 3 seedlings were maintained in each pot. All the pots were irrigated with normal water till 90 days of their growth and after three months the seedlings were subjected to salinity stress for 25 days by irrigating with saline water till the point of tolerance to salinity. Required saline concentration were prepared by adding calculated amounts of chloride and sulphate salts of Na, Ca, and Mg as solutions on equivalent weight basis. It was observed that salinity stress caused decreases in stem radial diameter and shoot length compared to control plants. These decreases were, however, less in radial growth in 4 dSm-1 adapted seedlings compared to the increased salinity stress. A significant increment in basal diameter was observed in control seedlings (57.9%) compared to 8 dSm-1 salinity level. Similarly, shoot length also decreased significantly in response to salt stress. It was found that the root length decreased significantly at 12 dSm-1 compared to control, however, root build up was not negatively affected at 4 and 8 dSm-1 levels. Significant increase in number of leaves was observed in nonstressed seedlings; however, salinity stress caused significant reduction in number of leaves at 4, 8 and 12 dSm-1 (13.9%, 19.4% and 39.7%, respectively) when compared to control plants. Similar significant reductions in plant part biomass were also found at 8 and 12 dSm-1 salinity level compared to control. Total chlorophyll contents in leaves declined in response to increasing salt stress; but, an increase in chlorophyll content was observed at 4 dSm-1 (16.18 mg/g) compared to control (15.80 mg/g), which was 2.40% more than the mean value of control. Beyond 4 dSm-1, total chlorophyll content in leaves reduced significantly compared to control. In contrast, carotenoid contents in leaves increased significantly in response to increasing salinity levels. Proline accumulation in leaves increased significantly in 4 and 8 dSm-1 adapted seedlings in response to salinity stress compared to control, and it was accumulated 3 times more in 8 dSm-1 adapted seedlings compared to control. At 4 dSm-1 adapted seedlings, leaves sugar levels were 11.06% higher compared to control seedlings and these were still significantly higher and on the increasing trend (22.74% more) in 8 dSm-1 adapted plants. Salt stress caused significant decrease (6.25%) in moisture content in leaves of 8 dSm-1 adapted seedlings. It was, however, observed in this experiment that the greater the cell damage, the greater was the leakage which resulted in higher conductivity. Leakage of electrolytes were 67.8 and 104.0% more in 4 and 8 dSm-1 adapted seedlings, respectively compared to control. All the physiological and growth parameters were determined only up to 12 dSm-1 level. After 8 dSm-1 plants could not survive due to ions toxicity and mortality occurred.