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Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar
Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University popularly known as HAU, is one of Asia's biggest agricultural universities, located at Hisar in the Indian state of Haryana. It is named after India's seventh Prime Minister, Chaudhary Charan Singh. It is a leader in agricultural research in India and contributed significantly to Green Revolution and White Revolution in India in the 1960s and 70s. It has a very large campus and has several research centres throughout the state. It won the Indian Council of Agricultural Research's Award for the Best Institute in 1997. HAU was initially a campus of Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana. After the formation of Haryana in 1966, it became an autonomous institution on February 2, 1970 through a Presidential Ordinance, later ratified as Haryana and Punjab Agricultural Universities Act, 1970, passed by the Lok Sabha on March 29, 1970. A. L. Fletcher, the first Vice-Chancellor of the university, was instrumental in its initial growth.
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ThesisItem Open Access Study of biochemical and histological alterations due to some aquatic pollutants in freshwater fish Cirrhinus mrigala(College Of Basic Sciences And Humanities Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University Hisar, 2003) Sharma, Mukta; Jain, K. LThesisItem Open Access Ectoparasitic diseases of coltorable species of fresh water fIshes(College Of Basic Sciences And Humanities Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University Hisar, 2003) Barman, Anindya Sundar; Yadava, N. KThesisItem Open Access Culture and growth performance of Mugil cephalus (Linn.) and Chanos Chanos (Forsskal) in underground saline water(College of Basic Sciences and Humanities Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University Hisar, 2003) Barman, Utpal Kumar; Garg, S. KThesisItem Open Access Effect of probiotics, mineral supplementation and biofertilizers on growth performance of some euryhaline fish species in inland saline groundwater(CCSHAU, 2006) Nalle Datta A.; Garg, S.K.In this thesis an attempt has been made to study the role of microbial fertilizers in pond productivity, role of probiotics, Lactobacillus sporogenes and minerals (Ca-P) supplementation on growth performance and some aspects of nutritive physiology of two euryhaline fish species. The thesis is divided into three parts. Part I describes the role of Azotobacter chroococcum and Gluconacetobacter diazotrophicus 35-47 in nitrogen fixation and phosphate solubilization in inland saline ground-water ponds stocked with milkfish, Chanos chanos. Studies have shown significantly (P<0.05) high values for alkalinity, kjeldahl's nitrogen, NO3-N, turbidity, pigment concentration and fish growth in ponds inoculated with co-culture (Mac-27+ PS-21), followed by Mac-27 and PS-21, o-PO4 concentration was significantly (P<0.05) high both in PS-21 and in mixed culture inoculated ponds. Alkanity, hardness, TDS and chlorophyll a concentration were significantly (P<0.05) higher in ponds inoculated with high temperature tolerant mutant of A. chroococcum, while total kjeldahl nitrogen, NH4-N, NO2-N, o-PO4 concentration and fish growth were high in ponds inoculated with salinity tolerant strain of G. diazotrophicus. Not much variations in DO concentration were observed among different treatments. Irrespective of bioinoculants, a significant (P<0.05) increase in viable counts were observed upto day 7 after inoculation, and thereafter a significant decline in microbial population was observed. To study the effect of Lactobacillus sporogenes (Probiotics) on growth performance of Oreochromis niloticus, four diets containing varying concentration (0.25, 0.5, 0.75 and 1.0g 100 g-1 of diet) of probiotics were formulated. A diet without supplementation of probiotics was also formulated which served as control diet. All diets contained about 40% of crude protein. Significantly highest growth performance, carcass protein, apparent protein digestibility, nutrient retention (PER, GPR, GER and APD), digestive enzyme activity were observed in the group fed diet containing probiotics at a concentration of 0.75 g, 100 g-1 of diet. Excretion of metabolites remained low, while the values of VSI and HSI remained high at this treatment. Muscle glycogen and liver glycogen were also low, while the values of muscle protein were high in fish fed diet-3 containing probiotics at a concentration of 0.75g, 100g-1 of diet. These studies indicate that supplementation of diets with appropriate concentration of probiotics can be a useful tool in the utilization of supplementery diets in aquaculture. An experiment was carried out with Chanos chanos and Oreochromis niloticus to determine their phosphorus requirements and its interaction with dietary calcium. Ten isoenergetic and isonitrogenous diets were prepared using basal ingredients (groundnut oilcake, processed soybean, rice bran and wheat flour etc.) containing various concentration of phosphorus as potassium dihydrogen orthophosphate (0.25g, 0.375g and 0.5g 100g-1 of diet) and calcium as calcium chloride (0.5g, 0.75g and 1.0 g 100 g-1 of diet). These concentrations resulted in varying Ca-P ratios (1:1, 2:1, 3:1, 3:2, 4:1, 4:3, 8:3). Calcium and phosphorus concentrations in the water at 10 ppt were 425 mg and 0.03 mg l-1 of water, respectively. Irrespective of the fish species, significantly (P<0.05) high growth performance (growth per cent gain in body weight, SGR and final length, APD, GPR, GER and PER were observed in the groups which were fed on a diet containing calcium and phosphorus at a concentration of 0.5g 100g-1 of diet in the ratio of 1:1. Low FCR and excretion of metabolites (N-NH4, o-PO4) and significantly (P<0.05) highest digestive enzyme activity were also observed in fish fed on this concentration. Low muscle and liver glycogen levels and high muscle protein content coincided with the highest growth performance observed in these studies. VSI and HSI values were also high in fish which had the highest growth performance. Carcass composition also indicated high accumulation of protein. These studies indicated that diets must be supplemented with minerals especially calcium and phosphorus in optimum concentrations and ratios for obtaining the full benefit of supplementary diets.ThesisItem Open Access Age dependent changes in liver composition and enzyme activity in Cyprinus carpio(CCSHAU, 2007) Simmi; Jain, K.L.The Comman carp (C. carpio) fish is used as a test animal both for stressed studies and various other aspects of nutrition and reproduction. There has been so far no such studies indicating changes in growth rate, tissue composition and the metabolic enzyme activities which could accurately prescribed comparative test parameters particularly with reference to the age dependent changes in the early stages of fish growth (juvenile stages) were studied about these parameters. Growth rate in terms of length and mass in this stage was positively correlated in age group upto 130 days of growth cases, although rates varied considerably between different age in length and in mass. Maximum growth increment in terms of gain in length was evident in 130 days old fish i.e.10.85, as compared to the earlier growth stages. The 40 days old fish showed percent length gain of 7.0% only. Likewise growth rate in terms of mass gain was also lowest in 40 days old fish (6.4%) and 16.6% in 130 days old fish. The regression equation showed a strong relationship between growth in length and in mass (R2=0.973, p<0.0001). The regression equation for the data for growth rate in length and in mass gain with condition factor was also significant and it expressed 67% variability in length and 62% variability in mass gain in C. carpio fish due to the condition factor (Fig. 4). The highest HSI increment was also noticed in 130 days old fish i.e. it showed on increased in 130 days old fish, 11.45), whereas HSI increment in 70 and 100 days old fish was 7.17 and 8.72, respectively and 4.58 in the early stage of growth period in 40 days. Data on age related changes in glycogen and protein contents in the liver also varied significantly with different growth periods (Table 3). The glycogen contents (mg/g of wet tissue) in liver was almost double in 70 days old fish as indicated by the mean values of 67.025 mg/g of wet tissue in 70 days and 35.25mg/g of wet tissue in 40 days old fish. Likewise the fish showed 40.69% gain in liver protein contents after 70 days of growth. HSI was highly correlated with growth rate in length (R2=0.893, p<0.0001) as compared to condition factor (R2=0.688, p<0.0001). Glycogen and protein contents in liver of fish C. carpio were both significantly affected by growth rate and condition factor. The enzyme activity of Succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) and Glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) both in liver and in serum increased rapidly from 70 days old fish to 100 days old fish. But Pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) showed a significant increase from 40 days old fish to 70 days old fish in liver and in serum. There was a strong relationship of their activity with growth rate both in length and mass, than with condition factor. Among the metabolic enzymes in liver and in serum, PDH alone showed highest variability of 95% with growth in length in serum and 68% variability with condition factor in serum. Enzyme activities of Phosphatases such as acid phosphatase and alkaline phosphatase enzymes in fish liver and in serum increased considerably from 70 days old fish to 100 days old fish. Acid phosphatase explained 95% of the variability of growth rate in length in liver and in serum and 94% in mass growth in liver. However, alkaline phosphatase explained 87% of the variability in growth rate in length and in mass in serum, which was weak as compared to variability observed in liver. Age dependent changes in growth rate vis or vis changes in tissue composition and enzyme activities in early growth stage of fishes with reference to their application as biomarkers closely evidence their application both as age determinant as well as in study of stress effect in fish C. carpio. However up to 70 days old is appropriate for energy parameters and thereafter for structural changes.ThesisItem Open Access Evaluation of chronic effects of deltamethrin on Cyprinus carpio and its amelioration through dietary ascorbic acid(CCSHAU, 2007) Dushyant Kumar; Jain, K.L.The extensive use of deltamethrin a synthetic pyrethorids has led to increase in its residue in water. The primary aim of this study was to workout biomarkers which are measurable biological parameters that can change in response to toxicity exposure and amelioration of toxicity effects with in Cyprinus carpio. Sublethal dose level of deltamethrin studied in L. cerfies for behavioural and certain hematogoical changes with and without dietary supplement of Vitamin C ascorbic acid. Among behavioural changes the most distinct features was increasing exitation with increase positive in concentration as evident from the increase in operculum movements/minutes from 63 in controls to 83 at 0.006ppm of Depetamethrin. Among haematolgoical parameters the estimates of haemoglobin haemato crit, total orthrocytes counts and total levocyte count manifested significant reduction with increasing concentration of deltamethrin upto 23.70, 23.33, 23.07 and 30.48% respectively, likewise there have been marked decline in tissue proteins and lipids in muscles upto 37.93 and 13.33% respectively. The total muscle cholesterol however enhanced by 82.88% at 0.006 ppm of deltamethrin. There were also significant changes in the activity of glycolytic enzymes GDH & PDH showing respectively a decline up to 57.31 and 45.87% with the increase in concentration of the pesticide. The Ascorbic acid feeding of Ascorbic acid along with pesticide showed lesser toxicity effects showing relatively about 8 to 10% lesser changes in haematolgoical, Biochemical and enzymolgoical parameters. Maximum amelioration of toxicity effects was evident in haemoglobin and PCV contents among haematolgoical parameters and muscle cholesterols. Later showed an improvement by 26% with ascorbic acid voer the normal diet fed fish i.e. the cholesterol contents increased by 76.02% at 0.06 ppm with normal diet and 50.70% with ascorbic acid mixed diet. In a pesticide concentration. This studies thus clearly evidence the application of this haematoglocial and biochemical parameters in assessing toxicity effects and their amelioration with ascorbic acid.