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Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar

Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University popularly known as HAU, is one of Asia's biggest agricultural universities, located at Hisar in the Indian state of Haryana. It is named after India's seventh Prime Minister, Chaudhary Charan Singh. It is a leader in agricultural research in India and contributed significantly to Green Revolution and White Revolution in India in the 1960s and 70s. It has a very large campus and has several research centres throughout the state. It won the Indian Council of Agricultural Research's Award for the Best Institute in 1997. HAU was initially a campus of Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana. After the formation of Haryana in 1966, it became an autonomous institution on February 2, 1970 through a Presidential Ordinance, later ratified as Haryana and Punjab Agricultural Universities Act, 1970, passed by the Lok Sabha on March 29, 1970. A. L. Fletcher, the first Vice-Chancellor of the university, was instrumental in its initial growth.

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  • ThesisItemOpen Access
    Screening Of Oyster Mushroom, Pleurotus Spp. Against Mushroom Flies And Their Management
    (Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University; Hisar, 2009) Joshi, Gagan; Mrig, K.K.
  • ThesisItemOpen Access
    Evaluation of local isolates of entomopathogenic nematodes for the management of spodoptera litura (FAB.) and plutella xylostella L.
    (Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University;Hisar, 2009) Gouda, Suresh; Rohilla, H. R.
  • ThesisItemOpen Access
    Bioefficacy and residual toxicity of some insecticides against helicoverpa armigera (Hübner) on pigeonpea
    (CCSHAU, 2008) Rajender Prasad; Yadav, G.S.
    The investigations entitled “Bioefficacy and residual toxicity of some insecticides against Helicovrerpa armigera (Hϋbner) on pigeonpea, Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp.” was carried out in field and laboratory of CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar. The different insecticides namely endosulfan @ 600 ml, indoxacarb @ 260 and 350 ml, profenophos @ 450 and 600 ml, thiodicarb @ 190 and 250 g, spinosad @ 55 and 75 ml and cypermethrin @ 75 and 95 ml/acre were evaluated against pod borer on pigeonpea variety ‘ Manak’ at the pod formation stage of the crop. Mortality count of larvae was recorded 7 and 10 days on the enclosed plants. Residual and relative toxicity studies were conducted on the laboratory bred healthy culture of H. armigera maintained on artificial diet. A batch of 4-5 day old larvae ten in number per replicate was released into specimen tubes containing sprayed pigeonpea twigs maintaining one larvae / tube. The sprayed twigs were brought for residual toxicity after 1, 3, 5,7,10 and 12 days of the spray. Larval mortality after 3 days of spray was highest in case of indoxacarb and the treatment was superior to all insecticidal treatments except those of cypermethrin. The least larval mortality obtained with spinosad at lower dose (@ 55 ml/ acre). Five days after spray indoxacarb @ 260 and 350 ml, spinosad @ 55 and 75 ml and cypermethrin @ 95 ml / acre were superior than other insecticides where almost 100 % control of the 7-10 days old larvae of H. armigera was obtained. Indoxacarb, spinosad and higher dose (95 ml/acre) of cypermethrin brought about 100 per cent control of the larvae after 10 days of the spray. Indoxacarb @ 350 ml registered the lowest pod damage (3.78 %) followed by cypermethrin @ 95 ml / acre i.e. (4.74-7.06 %) which were significantly better than all the remaining treatments but were at par with each other. No significant difference was recorded among insecticides viz. endosulfan @ 600 ml, profenophos @ 450 ml / acre and thiodicarb @ 190 g / acre. Larval mortality and pod damage was significantly lower in all the insecticidal treatments compared to control. Residual studies indicated that effectiveness of endosulfan, cypermethrin, and profenophos declined after 10 day of spray as per larval kill recorded following 24 h of exposure of the treated food. While in case of 48 h exposure of larvae, new molecules thiodicarb, indoxacarb and spinosad retained some effectiveness up to 10 days of spray. Residual studies indicated that respraying of the tested insecticides be done after an interval of 10- 12 days. The Persistent toxicity (PT) values calculated in the present studies were 553.33, 526.67, 493.33, 480, 406.67 and 373.33, for thiodicarb @ 250 g, indoxacarb @ 350 ml , endosulfan @ 600 ml, spinosad @ 75 ml, profenophos @ 600 ml and cypermethrin @ 95 ml/ acre, respectively. The corresponding relative persistent toxicity (RPT) taking endosulfans as standard were 1.12, 1.07, 0.97, 0.82, and 0.76 times as persistent as endosulfan.
  • ThesisItemOpen Access
    Management of mustard aphid, lipaphis erysimi (Kaltenbach) infesting rapeseed-mustard
    (CCSHAU, 2008) Dinesh Kumar; S.P.Singh
    An experiment was conducted during the ‘Rabi’ season 2006-07 at Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar. Sixty five promising Brassica genotypes were grown to find out their relative resistance/susceptibility to mustard aphid, Lipaphis erysimi (Kalt.). The sowing was done in Randomized Block Design on November 24, 2006. Based on pooled average of aphid infestation index of full flowering and full pod formation stages, out of sixty five promising Brassica genotypes, six Brassica genotypes (NDR-05-1, ONK-1, NRCKR-299, Kiran, RW-2-2 and T-27) were found highly resistant having aphid infestation index (AII) less than one. Generally, genotypes having greenish-yellow colour of flowers, semicompactness and loose arrangement of flower buds on inflorescence twig (RK- 9501, RH-7846, Purple Mutant, T-27 and DLSC-2) were found resistant to mustard aphid incidence. The bio-chemical constituents i.e., rich amount of total nitrogen and total sugars in various plant parts based on pooled mean favoured the multiplication of mustard aphid over Brassica genotypes, whereas, rich amount of glucosinolate, phenol and waxes in various plant parts based on pooled mean had deleterious impact on mustard aphid infestation. The genotypes, RH-7846, Purple Mutant, T-27 and DLSC-2 have the high amount of glucosinolate, thus harboured low aphid population as compared to BSH-1, YST-151 and JMM-927. The amount of total nitrogen and total sugars had positive and significant correlation with mustard aphid infestation, whereas, the amount of glucosinolates, phenols and waxes had deleterious impact on mustard aphid infestation and had negative significant correlation to mustard aphid except waxes. Application of oxydemeton-methyl 0.025% and neem oil 3% gave maximum aphid mortality (96 per cent and 56 per cent) and maximum yield (2520 kg/ha and 2350 kg/ha), respectively as well as maximum yield increased over control was 26 and 17.5 per cent, in mustard variety RH-30. The avoidable yield losses due to aphid infestation in three different Brassica genotypes (T-27, RH-8812 and HNS-9605) were determined and varied from 10.9 to 15.3 per cent, it being the lowest (10.9%) in T-27 and highest (15.3%) in RH-8812. Irrespective of the genotypes the crop under protected conditions (Oxydemeton-methyl 0.025%) gave 14.0% higher yield than un-protected conditions.
  • ThesisItemOpen Access
    Studies on insect pollinators of cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.)
    (CCSHAU, 2008) Hanh, Tran Thi My; Sharma, S.K.
    A field study was conducted to investigate the aspects of insect pollinators of cucumber, Cucumis sativus L., at Research Farm of the Department of Plant Pathology, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar. In total 24 insect species visited cucumber flowers, which constituted 12 Hymenopterans, 6 Lepidopterans, 3 Dipterans, 2 Hemipterans and 1 Coleopteran. Among these, Halictus sp., Ceratina sexmaculata and Apis dorsata were found to be the most abundant. The abundance of C. sexmaculata (2.79 bee/m2/5 min.) was highest followed by Halictus sp. (2.69 bee/m2/5 min.) and A. dorsata (0.78 bee/m2/5 min.). The population irrespective of their species was maximum at 0800-1000 h of the day. Foragers of C. sexmaculata, Halictus sp. and A. dorsata commenced their activity at 0600, 0630 and 0700 h, respectively with peak period at 0800-1000 h and ceased their activity at 1800 h (Halictus sp. and C. sexmaculata) and at 1730 h (A. dorsata). Out of the total foragers of the day, 16.54 per cent were pollen and 83.46 per cent were nectar collectors in case of Halictus sp., 14.62 per cent were pollen and 85.38 per cent were nectar collectors in case of C. sexmaculata, while in case of A. dorsata, 27.87 per cent were the pollen and 72.13 per cent were nectar collectors. Halictus sp. spent maximum time 10.84 seconds/flower. However, A. dorsata spent least time 4.94 seconds/flower but visited maximum (8.63) flowers/minute. Based on loose pollen grains sticking on the body and abundance, pollination index was calculated. Halictus sp. was the most efficient pollinator of C. sativus with pollination index of 126537.60 followed by C. sexmaculata with pollination index 121699.80 and A. dorsata with pollination index 888678.20 under agro-ecological conditions of Hisar (Haryana). Effect of different modes of pollination on yield parameters of cucumber showed that maximum fruit set (76.67%) was observed under Open-pollination + hand-pollination treatment, while it was minimum (16.67%) under Self-pollination treatment. Average fruit length, fruit weight and fruit diameter was observed maximum (13.82 cm, 159.62 g and 3.78 cm, respectively) under Open-pollination + hand-pollination, while these were observed minimum (4.97 cm, 21.10 g and 0.71 cm, respectively) under Self-pollination treatment.
  • ThesisItemOpen Access
    Evaluation of okra genotypes for resistance to shoot and fruit borer earias vittella (Fabricius)
    (CCSHAU, 2008) Sultani, Mahbob Shah; Ram Singh
    Thirty genotypes of okra, Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench were evaluated for field resistance during 2007 to shoot and fruit borer, Earias vittella (Fabricius). On the basis of observation recorded on infestation level of fruits on number basis seven genotypes, two resistant (HB-03-29-7B and HBT-1-19-1-1-2), two moderately resistant (HB-03-14-11 and HB-03-26-1), one highly susceptible (HBT-1-18-1-C-1) and two popular varieties (Varsha Uphar and HBH-142) were selected for elaborate studies under field and laboratory conditions. The resistant genotypes showed significantly (P<0.05) less fruit infestation both on number and weight bases than the susceptible one. Number of eggs laid per fruit did not differ significantly among the genotypes, thereby, conforming no oviposition antixenosis in resistant genotypes. The impact of trichome density (r= 0.671) and length (r= 0.871) were positive and significant. Survival of larvae was less on fruit blocks (67.00-82.66%) and on whole fruits (33.01-51.66%) of resistant genotypes, viz. HBT-1-19-1-1-2 and HB-03-29-7B in comparison to that of highly susceptible genotype HBT-1-18-1-C-1 (82.66% and 51.66%), respectively.. Longer larval period (15.33 -14.66 days), pupal period (9.66 and 10.33 days), lowest pupal weight (0.07 and 0.08 mg) and lowest per cent adult emergence (93.00 - 93.33%) were observed on fruit blocks of resistant genotypes than on highly susceptible (HBT-1-18-1-C-1) (10.33 days, 8.66days, 0.11mg and 96.33%), respectively. Longer developmental periods (larval and pupal) and lower larval survival and adult emergence on resistant genotypes suggest antibiosis mechanism of resistance. The influence of trichome density and length and thickness of pericarp did not cause any significant impact on larval duration of shoot and fruit borer. There was significant adverse effect of whole fruit pericarp on larval survival, likewise, phenol (r= -0.493), phosphorous (r= -0.546) and tannin (r= -0.738) of fruits of resistant genotypes manifested adverse effect on larval survival. These compounds showed positive relationship with larval and pupal periods. Adult emergence also showed significant (P < 0.05) negative relationship with tannin (r=-0.726). The adverse effects of resistant genotypes were found on various food consumption and utilization indices of E. vittella larvae.
  • ThesisItemOpen Access
    Studies on abundance and damaging potential of acarine species on mushroom
    (CCSHAU, 2008) Rana, Meenakshi; Mrig, K.K.
    The present investigation was undertaken on abundance and damaging potential of acarine species on mushroom (Agaricus bisporus) was conducted in the year 2007-08, in the Mushroom House, Mushroom Technology Laboratory, Department of Plant Pathology, CCS HAU, Hisar. Weekly samples of mushroom compost revealed that mites multiplied from April to July and then from second week of October to first week of March in mushroom compost. More number of mites were encountered in summer season as compared to winter season. Maximum number of mites was recorded in the third week of April (50 mites/100g compost) in summer season and in the fourth week of November (10 mites/100g compost) in winter season. Mites belonging to all the four suborders were encountered in compost. xii The population dynamics of acarine suborders in mushroom compost revealed that irrespective of the morithus, Cryptostigmatid (4.56 mites/100 g compost) and Astigmatid (4.59 mites/100g compost) were predominant as compared to other suborders. Monthwise, maximum number of mites were recorded in the month of April. Mite population in compost and abiotic factors suggested a significant positive correlation with maximum temperature and relative humidity. Mesostingmated mites had low frequency of occurrence during May (4%) and June (6%) and were absent during the winter season. Prostigmated mites were rare in occurrence and were recorded only in the third and fourth week of April and in fourth week of November. Diversity among acarine fauna in mushroom compost revealed one genus each of Astigmata and Prostigmata, three genera of Cryptostigmata and nine genera of Mesostigmata were observed. Feeding potential of Tyrophagus putrescentiae revealed that it multiplies in compost and caused 53 per cent loss whereas it not able to survive on Agaricus spawn and caused present damage in spawn. Uroobovella sp. survived and multiplied both in compost and on spawn. In vitro screening of T.putrescentiae mite on Trichoderma sp. and Alternaria sp. revealed that number of mites in these fungi were two to three times more than the initial number. T. putrescentiae was not able to survive at -10º to 5ºC. The optimum temperature for both the mite species was found to be 25ºC.
  • ThesisItemOpen Access
    Bioefficacy of beauveria bassina (Balsamo) vuillemin against hyadaphis coriandri (Das) on coriander and aphis craccivora (Koch) on fenugreek
    (CCSHAU, 2008) K. Selvaraj; Kaushik, H.D.
    Investigations were carried out to assess the pathogenicity of Beauveria bassiana against Hyadaphis coriandri and Aphis craccivora on coriander and fenugreek plant, respectively. Bioassay studies under laboratory and green house conditions were carried out to determine the LC50 and LT50 values of B. bassiana against these insects. Field studies were also carried out to assess the bioefficacy of B. bassiana against H. coriandri and A. craccivora. The results obtained from the studies on the pathogenicity of fungal pathogen revealed that B. bassiana were 143 found effective against H. coriandri and A. craccivora. The cumulative corrected mortality (CCM) of H. coriandri ranged from 30.91 – 49.52 per cent one day after treatment. It was 67.61 – 96.85 per cent 7 DAT under laboratory conditions. Whereas, for A. craccivora, the cumulative corrected mortality ranged from 24.0-48.26 per cent at 1 DAT and it was 58.56-94.98 per cent at 7 DAT. In greenhouse studies, the cumulative corrected mortality ranged from 22.81-45.52 per cent at 1 DAT, it was 58.41-90.93 per cent at 7 DAT. Whereas, for A. craccivora it ranged from 20.85-43.50 per cent at 1 DAT, and it was 55.21-85.04 per cent at 7 DAT. In laboratory investigations, the LC50 value of B. bassiana against H. coriandri and A. craccivora were 1.5x104 and 0.94 x 106 spores/ml, respectively. LT50 values of B. bassiana against H. coriandri was ranged from 45.70 – 141.57 hours. However, 50 per cent mortality achieved in 45.70 hours at 1x1010 spores/ml. While it was ranged from 46.89-144.07 hours, for A. craccivora, the 50 per cent mortality achieved in 46.83 hours at 1x1010 spores/ml. While in greenhouse studies, the LC50 value of B. bassiana against H. coriandri and A. craccivora were 1.7x106 and 1.2x108 spores/ml, respectively. The LT50 value of B. bassiana against H. coriandri was ranged from 69.15-147.82 hours, however, 50 per cent mortality achieved in 69.15 hours at 1x1010 spores/ml. While it was ranged from 73.24-157.39 hours for A. craccivora. The 50 per cent mortality achieved in 73.24 hours at 1x1010 spores/ml.B. bassiana was found effective against H. coriandri under field conditions which showed significant reduction in the aphid population. Population reduction of H. coriandri to an extent of 81.87 per cent at 1x1011 spores/ml after 7 days of treatment was observed. The commercial formulation (Daman) showed higher per cent reduction (83.41%). However, standard check malathion 50 EC showed highest reduction of 92.81 per cent. B. bassiana was also found effective against A. craccivora under field conditions showing significant reduction in the aphid population. Population reduction of A. craccivora to an extent of 79.11 per cent at 1x1011 spores/ml after 7 days of treatment was recorded. The commercial formulation (Daman) showed higher per cent reduction (81.34%). However, standard check malathion 50 EC showed highest reduction 90.0 per cent.
  • ThesisItemOpen Access
    Screening of pigeonpea genotypes against podfly, melanagromyza obtusa (Malloch) and assessment of damage by blister beetle, mylabris pustulata thunberg
    (CCSHAU, 2008) Dhakla, Kapil; Yadav, G.S.
    Screening of pigeonpea genotypes against pod fly revealed that out of 20 genotypes, none was found completely resistant, however marked differences were noticed among different pigeonpea genotypes. The pod and grain damage of different pigeonpea genotypes ranged from 2.77 to 15.16% and 2.4% to 8.55%, respectively. Three genotypes HDM 04-1, H 2000-47 and AL-1493 were promising as they recorded lowest pod (2.77-5.93%) and grain (2.4-8.55%) damage and were considered suitable for incorporation into breeding programe for pod fly resistance. The data on days to 50% flowering revealed that there is no correlation between days to 50% flowering and pod fly incidence. The results achieved on morphological and biochemical parameters of genotypes revealed that trichome density and length of pods were negatively correlated with podfly incidence. The biochemica constituents of seeds of pigeonpea genotypes revealed that total sugars, total phenols, tannins and potassium content showed negative correlation with pod fly incidence. Protein and phosphorus content showed positive correlation with pod fly incidence and are responsible for susceptibility to podfly. Studies on population of blister beetle on different pigenpea genotypes revealed that it was found to be highest at the time of maximum flowering and decreases with flower shedding and pod formation. Seasonal mean beetle population was found to be maximum in H 2004-24 (5.9 beetles/plot) and lowest in AL-1489 (2.7 beetles/plot). Results achieved on flower damaged by the blister beetle under laboratory condition revealed the damage ranging from 16.6 to 27.5 per cent on 20 test genotypes. However, there was no significant yield differences in the caged and uncaged cultivars.