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Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar
Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University popularly known as HAU, is one of Asia's biggest agricultural universities, located at Hisar in the Indian state of Haryana. It is named after India's seventh Prime Minister, Chaudhary Charan Singh. It is a leader in agricultural research in India and contributed significantly to Green Revolution and White Revolution in India in the 1960s and 70s. It has a very large campus and has several research centres throughout the state. It won the Indian Council of Agricultural Research's Award for the Best Institute in 1997. HAU was initially a campus of Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana. After the formation of Haryana in 1966, it became an autonomous institution on February 2, 1970 through a Presidential Ordinance, later ratified as Haryana and Punjab Agricultural Universities Act, 1970, passed by the Lok Sabha on March 29, 1970. A. L. Fletcher, the first Vice-Chancellor of the university, was instrumental in its initial growth.
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ThesisItem Open Access Morphogenetic and biochemical studies in callus cultures of devil’s thorn (Tribulus terrestris Linn.)(CCSHAU, 2013) Manogya; Goyal, S.C.Present investigation was carried out on Tribulus terrestris Linn. for the selection of suitable nutritive medium and explant for callus induction, growth and differentiation. In vitro studies were conducted with employing different explants viz. leaf, internode and node used for callogenesis and growth, node explant was found to be the best for callus induction and growth. Best callus growth was obtained on MS medium fortified with 2,4-D (2.0 mg/l) in combination with Kn (0.5 mg/l) depending on fresh and dry weight of callus. This callus selected for further studies of biochemicals and protein profile during differentiation. MS medium supplemented with BAP (3.0 mg/l) + NAA (1.5 mg/l) enabled the early regeneration of shoot from callus. Early root emergence from callus obtained on medium MS+NAA (2.0 mg/l). Biochemicals like starch and total soluble sugars decreased while reducing sugar, total phenol and total protein increased during root differentiation from callus. Enzyme activity viz. α- amylase, acid invertase, peroxidase and acid phosphatase increased during root differentiation. In shoot differentiating calli, all these metabolites were increased and enzyme activity of α-amylase and acid phosphatase increased while acid invertase and peroxidase activity decreased during shoot differentiation. SDS-PAGE studies revealed that there was synthesis of three root specific polypeptide bands with (MW 40.64, 19.23 and 11.81 kDa) and three shoot specific bands (MW 28.10, 17.02 and 12.46 kDa) during differentiation. MW 24.96 kDa and 21.20 kDa bands were common bands which disappeared during root and shoot differentiation. TLC analysis showed that the diosgenin and hecogenin were present in the calli as well as in natural fruits. They were further confirmed by IR spectroscopy. The incorporation of cholesterol in the medium was observed to be effective for the increased steroidal sapogenins (hecogenin and diosgenin) production in calli than natural fruits.ThesisItem Open Access Studies on the salt tolerance status of clusterbean [Cyamopsis tetragonoloba (L.) Taub.] and its improvement by in vitro methods by using ethylmethane sulphonate(CCSHAU, 2013) Deepika; Dhingra, H.R.Present investigation was conducted on clusterbean (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba (L).Taub.) var. HG 2-20 to study the effect of chloride dominated salinity on growth, development and yield attributes and to explore the possibility of induction of salinity tolerance through deployment of EMS. Seedling emergence, plant height, root length and its fresh as well as dry weights decreased with progressive increase in rhizospheric salinity. Membrane injury of leaves and roots, leaf succulence increased while relative water content and chlorophyll fluorescence decreased with salinity. Accumulation of soluble sugars and free proline in leaves with salinity is indicative of osmotic adjustment of leaves to some extent but decline in protein and starch content is possibly due to ion toxicity. Salinity decreased male fecundity conomittant with reduction in quantitative production of ovules. This is suggestive of female adjustment according to male fecundity and resource availability as evident from no change in the % ovules fertilized under saline conditions over control. Salinity decreased number of pods/cluster, number of pods/plant and number of seeds/pod. However percent pod set did not differ significantly upto 8dSm-1 and then decrease was evident at 12 dSm-1 level. Dry aerial biomass/plant was not affected significantly of 4dSm-1 salinity and it decreased with further increase in the level of rhizospheric salinity. Harvest index was not affected significantly by salinity upto 8dSm-1 level and then it declined at 12dSm-1 salinity. Seed yield/plant and seed quality in terms of starch, protein and guar gum content was, however deteriorated by rhizospheric salinity. Protein profile of leaves of guar plants raised under non-saline conditions showed polypeptide bands ranging from 67.61, 45.28, 29.12, 21.38 and 14.45 kDa. Among these, polypeptide bands of MW 45.28 and 14.45 kDa were present in leaves of salinized plants. Among various explants, cotyledonary node was found be the best explant and MSB5 medium + 2mgl-1 2,4-D and 1mgl-1 BAP supported best callus growth. Callus of cotyledonary node origin was compact, while those from other explants were fragile and forms suspension in EMS solution. BAP (1 and 2 mgl-1) alone supported 100% callusing from the cut end cotyledonary node while 2.0 mgl-1 BAP in combination with 1.5 mgl-1 NAA supported minimum callusing. Various permutation and combinations of plant growth regulators were used for regeneration from callus but could not be successful. Among different concentrations of salt, 200 mM NaCl was found to be the lethal. Culturing of EMS treated calli on NaCl adjunct medium showed no significant growth of callus upto 2.0h EMS treatment. An increase of duration of EMS treatment beyond 2.0h supported growth of callus which increased upto 3.0h and again declined with further increase in duration of EMS treatment. Fresh and dry weights of calli treated with EMS also increased upon raising on salt free medium over untreated ones. On the other hand, it decreased in untreated and treated calli (upto 2.0h duration) upon culturing on salt amended medium. EMS treatment of 2.5h and 3.0h duration improved callus growth on salt amended medium. EMS treatment in general increased starch, protein content, proline content and sodium content on salt amended medium over respective control while it decreased chloride content over respective control. Untreated subcultured callus, showed polypeptides of MW ranging 67.61, 66.07, 56.23, 50.12, 32.36 and 18.20 kDa, while the fresh callus showed 5 polypeptides of MW ranging 67.61, 50.12, 23.93, 21.38 and 13.80 kDa. NaCl induced new bands of MW 57.54, 28.18, 26.92 and 20.89 kDa while EMS treated calli for 2.5h and 3.0h and cultured on salt free medium showed polypeptide band of MW 56.23 and 32.36 kDa. Culturing of these calli on salt amended medium revealed presence of polypeptide bands of MW 67.61, 53.70, 50.12, 28.84, 20.89 and 18.62 kDa.ThesisItem Open Access Morpho-physiological study of Calendula officinalis L.under saline conditions(CCSHAU, 2013) Kusum Rani; Varshney, U.K.Calendula officinalis L. commonly known as pot marigold in English belongs to the family Asteraceae (Compositae). It is an important medicinal herb indigenous to central, eastern and southern Europe. It is cultivated commonly in North America, Eastern Europe, Germany and India for medicinal as well as ornamental purpose. The present investigation was undertaken to enrich the scientific database regarding the morpho-physiology of Calendula officinalis under non-saline field and saline conditions. Two experiments were planned. First experiment was performed to study the phenology, growth and reproductive behavior of Calendula officinalis under natural non-saline field conditions. Seeds were sown in the first week of December. Phenological study depict the vegetative growth up to March. Flowering (anthesis) initiated simultaneously in the month of February and continued till mid April. Fruiting and seed maturation also occurred simultaneously from mid April to early May. Death / senescence was observed from early May onwards. The overall growth of Calendula officinalis L. under field conditions was better than under pot conditions. All plant growth attributes viz., plant height (cm), basal stem diameter (mm), number of leaves plant-1, leaf biomass (g plant-1), stem and branches biomass (g plant-1), flowers and fruits biomass (g plant-1) and root biomass (g plant-1) studied in the present experiment were found to increase with the advancement of growth stage under field conditions. The root/ shoot ratio, however, decreased with the advancement of growth stage. The reproductive performance of Calendula officinalis L. in general, was better under field conditions as compared to pot culture. Reproductive behaviour was studied in terms of the number of flower heads plant-1, number of seeds head-1, seeds output (number plant-1), seed yield (g plant-1), germination of seeds produced and reproductive capacity in field conditions. The second experiment was performed to study the morpho-physiological attributed of Calendula officinalis under chloride dominated salinity. The plants were raised in sand filled polythene bags under varying EC levels viz., 0 (control), 4, 8 and 12 dSm-1 of nutrients supplemented chloride dominated salinity. Progressive increase of EC level from 0 to 12 dSm-1 caused a significant decline in growth parameters viz., plant height (cm), number of leaves plant-1, leaf biomass (g plant-1), stem and branches biomass (g plant-1), flowers and fruits biomass (g plant-1), root biomass (g plant-1) and root / shoot ratio. However, these parameters increased significantly with the advancement of growth stage (GS). Reproductive attributes such as number of flower heads plant-1, number of seeds head-1, seed output (number plant-1), seed yield (g plant-1), geminability of seeds produced and reproductive capacity suffered a reduction with the rise of salinity. Both days to flower initiation and days to maturity were increased with the progressive increase of EC level in the growth medium. Physiological parameters viz., chlorophyll -a (mg g-1 dw), chlorophyll -b (mg g-1 dw) and total chlorophyll content (mg g-1 dw) of leaves and carotenoid content (mg g-1 fw) of flower petals significantly decreased with the increase of salinity in the growing medium. Accumulation of proline (mg g-1 dw) and increase in relative stress injury (%) in the leaves was observed with the progressive increase of salinity. Enhancement of sodium and concomitant decline of the potassium content (mg g-1 dw) in leaves was found with the rise of EC level in growing medium. Accumulation of both chloride and sulphate was observed with the increase of salinity. The accumulation of chloride was relatively less in leaves at the maturity stage than sulphate.