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Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar

Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University popularly known as HAU, is one of Asia's biggest agricultural universities, located at Hisar in the Indian state of Haryana. It is named after India's seventh Prime Minister, Chaudhary Charan Singh. It is a leader in agricultural research in India and contributed significantly to Green Revolution and White Revolution in India in the 1960s and 70s. It has a very large campus and has several research centres throughout the state. It won the Indian Council of Agricultural Research's Award for the Best Institute in 1997. HAU was initially a campus of Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana. After the formation of Haryana in 1966, it became an autonomous institution on February 2, 1970 through a Presidential Ordinance, later ratified as Haryana and Punjab Agricultural Universities Act, 1970, passed by the Lok Sabha on March 29, 1970. A. L. Fletcher, the first Vice-Chancellor of the university, was instrumental in its initial growth.

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2007 - 200912010 - 20131
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Subject: Botany × Author: Deepika × Start date: 1980 × Type: Thesis ×
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Studies on the salt tolerance status of clusterbean [Cyamopsis tetragonoloba (L.) Taub.] and its improvement by in vitro methods by using ethylmethane sulphonate
    (CCSHAU, 2013) Deepika; Dhingra, H.R.
    Present investigation was conducted on clusterbean (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba (L).Taub.) var. HG 2-20 to study the effect of chloride dominated salinity on growth, development and yield attributes and to explore the possibility of induction of salinity tolerance through deployment of EMS. Seedling emergence, plant height, root length and its fresh as well as dry weights decreased with progressive increase in rhizospheric salinity. Membrane injury of leaves and roots, leaf succulence increased while relative water content and chlorophyll fluorescence decreased with salinity. Accumulation of soluble sugars and free proline in leaves with salinity is indicative of osmotic adjustment of leaves to some extent but decline in protein and starch content is possibly due to ion toxicity. Salinity decreased male fecundity conomittant with reduction in quantitative production of ovules. This is suggestive of female adjustment according to male fecundity and resource availability as evident from no change in the % ovules fertilized under saline conditions over control. Salinity decreased number of pods/cluster, number of pods/plant and number of seeds/pod. However percent pod set did not differ significantly upto 8dSm-1 and then decrease was evident at 12 dSm-1 level. Dry aerial biomass/plant was not affected significantly of 4dSm-1 salinity and it decreased with further increase in the level of rhizospheric salinity. Harvest index was not affected significantly by salinity upto 8dSm-1 level and then it declined at 12dSm-1 salinity. Seed yield/plant and seed quality in terms of starch, protein and guar gum content was, however deteriorated by rhizospheric salinity. Protein profile of leaves of guar plants raised under non-saline conditions showed polypeptide bands ranging from 67.61, 45.28, 29.12, 21.38 and 14.45 kDa. Among these, polypeptide bands of MW 45.28 and 14.45 kDa were present in leaves of salinized plants. Among various explants, cotyledonary node was found be the best explant and MSB5 medium + 2mgl-1 2,4-D and 1mgl-1 BAP supported best callus growth. Callus of cotyledonary node origin was compact, while those from other explants were fragile and forms suspension in EMS solution. BAP (1 and 2 mgl-1) alone supported 100% callusing from the cut end cotyledonary node while 2.0 mgl-1 BAP in combination with 1.5 mgl-1 NAA supported minimum callusing. Various permutation and combinations of plant growth regulators were used for regeneration from callus but could not be successful. Among different concentrations of salt, 200 mM NaCl was found to be the lethal. Culturing of EMS treated calli on NaCl adjunct medium showed no significant growth of callus upto 2.0h EMS treatment. An increase of duration of EMS treatment beyond 2.0h supported growth of callus which increased upto 3.0h and again declined with further increase in duration of EMS treatment. Fresh and dry weights of calli treated with EMS also increased upon raising on salt free medium over untreated ones. On the other hand, it decreased in untreated and treated calli (upto 2.0h duration) upon culturing on salt amended medium. EMS treatment of 2.5h and 3.0h duration improved callus growth on salt amended medium. EMS treatment in general increased starch, protein content, proline content and sodium content on salt amended medium over respective control while it decreased chloride content over respective control. Untreated subcultured callus, showed polypeptides of MW ranging 67.61, 66.07, 56.23, 50.12, 32.36 and 18.20 kDa, while the fresh callus showed 5 polypeptides of MW ranging 67.61, 50.12, 23.93, 21.38 and 13.80 kDa. NaCl induced new bands of MW 57.54, 28.18, 26.92 and 20.89 kDa while EMS treated calli for 2.5h and 3.0h and cultured on salt free medium showed polypeptide band of MW 56.23 and 32.36 kDa. Culturing of these calli on salt amended medium revealed presence of polypeptide bands of MW 67.61, 53.70, 50.12, 28.84, 20.89 and 18.62 kDa.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Effect of salinity on growth, yield and biochemical constituents of German chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla Linn.)
    (CCSHAU, 2007) Deepika; Varshey, U.K.
    German chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla Linn.), an annual herb of varied medicinal value belonging to the family Asteraceae is in cultivation in Russia, Germany and France. It is now being experimentally cultivated in India in the states of Himanchal Pradesh, Jammu & Kashmir, Punjab, Uttar Pradesh and Maharashtra. The flowers of German chamomile accumulate blue essential oil, which is medicinally very important. It enriches the blood and relieves all kinds of pain. It also has aphrodisiac, diuretic, carminative, analgesic properties. In the present research investigation, growth, yield and biochemical constituents of German chamomile were studied under the influence of soil salinity viz. chloride dominated and sulphate dominated salinity. Plants were raised by sowing seeds in polythene bags each containing 6 Kg of screened and washed dune sand, in a screen house at varying EC levels viz. 0 (control), 4,8,12 and 16 dSm-1 of chloride dominated [Cl:SO4 2- (7:3); Na:Ca+Mg (1:1); Ca:Mg (1:3)] and sulphate dominated salinity [SO4 2-:Cl (7:3); Na:Ca+Mg (1:1); Ca+Mg (1:3)]. Results of the present experimental study revealed that the establishment, growth and yield of German chamomile are adversely affected by the build up of salinity in the growing medium. Chloride and sulphate dominated salinities influenced the various growth and yield parameters differently. The parameters such as plant height, number of leaves/plant, root volume, leaf dry weight/plant, stem & branches dry weight/plant, root dry weight/plant, flower heads fresh weight, flower heads dry weights, number of flower heads and oil yield all suffered a decline with the increasing EC levels of the growing medium. Sulphate dominated salinity was found more depressive than chloride dominated salinity with regard to above mentioned parameters except seedling establishment, root volume and stem & branches dry weight which remained indifferent to the two salinity types. Experimental findings evinced not only substantial delay in flower initiation but also an early maturity of German chamomile under salinity stress. The sulphate dominated salinity in general, superseeded the chloride dominated salinity in causing more delay in the flower initiation. The response of the two salinity types however, was indifferent in influencing the maturity date. Significant decline in number of flower heads/plant and the fresh weight as well as dry weight of flower heads/plant occurred with the progressive increase of salinity levels in the growing medium. The sulphate dominated salinity in this regard was found more depressive than chloride dominated salinity The biochemical constituents such as TSC (Total Soluble Carbohydrates) and proline were estimated in leaves of German chamomile grown under various salinity treatments. The results revealed the accumulation of both the above metabolites in the leaf cells with the successive increase of EC levels, at the vegetative as well as at the flowering stages. The accumulation of TSC as well as proline under osmotic stress is ascribed to osmotic adjustment in plants as these help to bring down the osmotic potential of the cell sap, enabling the uptake of water in cells. Under salt stress both these organic osmotica were found to increase from vegetative to flowering stage and their accumulation was relatively higher under sulphate dominated salinity as compared to chloride dominated salinity. The results demonstrated that inspite of better osmotic adjustment under sulphate dominated salinity treatments, the sulphate ions were more deleterious to the plants as compared to chloride ions. Chlorophyll ‘a’, Chlorophyll ‘b’ and total chlorophyll contents all declined in the leaves of plants with the increase of salinity at the vegetative and flowering stages. The Chl ‘b’ however, remained more or less stable with the progressive increase of salinity level. Chloride was found more reducing than sulphate salinity as far as Chl ‘a’ and total chlorophyll is concerned. The two salinity types however, were indifferent to Chl ‘b’. The Chl ‘a’ has been observed to breakdown more rapidly than Chl ‘b’ in presence of salts indicating the unstability of Chl ‘a’ and better stability of Chl ‘b’ under such growing conditions. Effective reduction in oil content of air-dried flowers was found at EC levels beyond 8 dSm-1. The reduction in oil content (per cent) was higher under sulphate dominated salinity as compared to chloride dominated salinity. The oil yield (g/pot) from fresh flowers was found to be inversely related to salinity level in the growing medium. From experimental results, German chamomile appears to be highly salt tolerant medicinal herb as its plants survived and reproduced at the highest salinity level (16 dSm-1) used irrespective of the salinity types. This herb can, therefore, be grown in crop fields or wastelands affected by salts.