Loading...
Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar
Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University popularly known as HAU, is one of Asia's biggest agricultural universities, located at Hisar in the Indian state of Haryana. It is named after India's seventh Prime Minister, Chaudhary Charan Singh. It is a leader in agricultural research in India and contributed significantly to Green Revolution and White Revolution in India in the 1960s and 70s. It has a very large campus and has several research centres throughout the state. It won the Indian Council of Agricultural Research's Award for the Best Institute in 1997. HAU was initially a campus of Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana. After the formation of Haryana in 1966, it became an autonomous institution on February 2, 1970 through a Presidential Ordinance, later ratified as Haryana and Punjab Agricultural Universities Act, 1970, passed by the Lok Sabha on March 29, 1970. A. L. Fletcher, the first Vice-Chancellor of the university, was instrumental in its initial growth.
Browse
10 results
Search Results
ThesisItem Open Access Immobilization of xylanase from Bacillus pumilus over aluminum oxide beads(CCSHAU, Hisar, 2021-09) Tanwar, Ekta; Nagar, SushilIn present investigation the xylanase from Bacillus pumilus SV-85S was covalently immobilized over aluminum oxide beads. The immobilization yield and efficiency were 48.05 and 83.13%, respectively. Some surface modifications were observed through SEM analysis on xylanase bound aluminum oxide beads. The bands at 3440 and 1635 cm-1 were observed through FTIR analysis over aluminum oxide beads, glutaraldehyde treated beads and immobilized xylanase. Optimum pH and temperature for free and immobilized enzyme were 7.0 and 55ᵒC, respectively. Increment of Km and Vmax values was observed in immobilized enzyme by around 28.96 and 34.61 % respectively. The pH, thermal and storage stability were improved after immobilization. The Immobilized xylanase retained 65 % of its initial activity even after 5 cycles of reusability. The increase in Half-life (t1/2) and D- value whereas decrease in kd value after immobilization, indicates that thermal stability of xylanase was enhanced. Thermodynamic parameters (ΔH, ΔG and ΔS) were enhanced after immobilization of xylanase. The decrease in activation energy in case of immobilized xylanase indicates that catalytic efficiency was enhanced. Hence, the present investigation concludes that immobilization of enzyme is important due to its considerable reusability and stability, and advantageous for industrial application.ThesisItem Open Access Comparative studies of free and immobilized Aspergillus phytase(CCSHAU, Hisar, 2021-09) Mallesh, Gampa; Nagar, SushilIn this investigation the phytase from Aspergillus oryzae SBS50 was immobilized over activated aluminum oxide beads. The immobilization yield and efficiency were 47.4 and 71.2 %, respectively. Morphology and functional groups of activated beads and immobilized phytase were determined through SEM and FTIR analysis. The immobilized phytase retained 51.5 % of its initial activity even after 5 cycles of reusability. The optimum pH and temperature were shifted from 5.5 to 4.0 and 50 to 60 C after immobilization. The Km value was 2.61 and 3.09 mM, whereas as Vmax value was 32.25 and 43.29 IU/ml for free and immobilized phytase, respectively. The pH stability, thermal stability, storage stability and thermodynamic parameters (H, G, and S) were enhanced after immobilization The increase in Half-life (t1/2) and D-value whereas decrease in Kd value after immobilization indicates that thermal stability of phytase was enhanced. Thus, the investigation concludes that immobilization of phytase causes in improvement of many properties, so it is highly beneficial to immobilize the phytase.ThesisItem Open Access Effect of brassinolide on morpho-physiological and biochemical parameters under drought stress in Indian mustard(CCSHAU, Hisar, 2020-02) Naveen; Kumari, NishaThe present experiment was conducted in Oilseed Research Area during Rabi 2018-19 with two Indian mustard varieties viz. drought-tolerant (RH-725) and drought-sensitive (RH-749) to find the efficiency of brassinolide in two concentrations of 10 ppm and 20 ppm sprayed at 42 and 52 days after sowing. The experiment was laid out in RBD design with three replications. Results revealed that: The activities of antioxidative enzyme (SOD, CAT and POX) increase in both the varieties but this increase was more pronounced in RH-725 with 20 ppm concentration of brassinolide spray. The concentration of non-enzymatic antioxidants (carotenoid, ascorbic acid and proline) also increase significantly in RH-725 as compared to RH-749 at 20 ppm spray of brassinolide. The oxidative stress indicators (hydrogen peroxide, malondialdehyde and electrolyte leakage) decrease to a significant level under brassinolide spray in tolerant variety at 50 % flowering. The exogenous application of brassinolide improved the physiological framework in the leaves of RH-725 at 50 % flowering. The yield and yield attributing characters such as plant height (cm), number of primary branches/plant, main shoot length (cm), number of siliquae on main shoot, number of seeds/siliqua, siliqua length (cm), seed yield/plant (g) were significantly increased among the treatments as well as varieties. Due to spraying of brassinolide the percentage of increase in seed yield ranged from 11.84 % in RH-725 and 5.77 % in RH-749 at 10 ppm concentration over control. In view of the present findings, the higher concentration of non-enzymatic antioxidants, higher activity of antioxidative enzymes and improved physiological parameters and maximum yield was found in RH-725 i.e. drought-tolerant at 20 ppm concentration of brassinolide spray.ThesisItem Open Access Biochemical studies on fatty acid esterase isolated from pearl millet and wheat flours(CCSHAU, Hisar, 2020) Nisha; Chugh, L. KThe present investigation was conducted on pearl millet cv. HC 20 and wheat cv. WH 1105. Pearl millet fatty acid esterase (PM-FAE) and wheat fatty acid esterase (WH-FAE) were partially purified from by ammonium sulphate fractionation (30-60 % saturation) followed by dialysis by 3.03 and 7.75 folds with specific activity of 15.35 and 22.5 units/mg protein and recovery of 57and 56 % of the activity, respectively. PM-FAE and WH-FAE, both exhibited optimum pH of 8.0. Optimum temperature for PM-FAE (40oC) was lower than WH-FAE (45oC). WH-FAE was comparatively more stable at high temperature (70OC). Km value of PM-FAE (0.129 μM p-NPB) was lower than that of WH-FAE (0.28 μM p-NPB). Km values of PM-FAE for p-NPB and NPO were about 50 % lower compared to that of WH-FAE. Affinity of PM-FAE and WH-FAE for NPD was approximately equal. Ascorbic acid and palmitoyl ascorbate inhibited both FAEs in a concentration dependent manner. After 5 days of storage, reduction of 73 % in total buildup of fat acidity (FA), 84% reduction in rate of increase in FA, 55 % inhibition of in vitro activity of FAE, 52 % inhibition in situ activity of FAE and 50 % inhibition of activity of lipoxygenase (LOX) in 0.58 % ascorbic acid-fortified flour compared to unfortified flour were observed. Inhibitory effect of ascorbic acid fortification on in vitro activity of FAE, in situ activity of FAE and LOX increased with fortified concentration of ascorbic acid whereas rate of increase in FA was almost unaffected. Inhibition of LOX (62-69 %) in 0.84 % ascorbic acid-fortified flour was comparable to that (68-74 %) of blanched grain flour (BGF) throughout storage period. It was concluded that comparatively higher activity of PM-FAE in flour, lower Km value for its substrates and lower optimum temperature might be responsible for faster in situ hydrolysis of lipids and hence poor shelf life of pearl millet flour than wheat flour. Indirect fortification of flour by ascorbic acid treatment of pearl millet grains was effective in negatively modulating activities of FAE and LOX in flour for arresting not only in situ hydrolysis but also enzymatic oxidation of lipids.ThesisItem Open Access Sucrose mobilization and nitrogen metabolism in aerobic and lowland indica rice (Oryza sativa L.)(CCSHAU, Hisar, 2020) Jhandai, Sonia; Ajay PalWater dearth is the most critical issues in modern agriculture. Therefore, aerobic cultivation condition is sustainable concept to grow rice (Oryza sativaL.) which favors huge water impetus and labor. A better understanding of sucrose mobilization in shoots at vegetative and reproductive stages and developing grains at 7th–14th DAA may help in selection of rice genotypes to grow under aerobic condition. Herein, we have studied the effect of aerobic and conventional conditions on the activities of sucrose mobilization enzymes in four rice varieties viz. PAU201, HBC19 (lowland) and MAS26, MAS25 (aerobic) under pot condition. Aerobic condition significantly increased activities of sucrose synthesizing enzyme viz. sucrose phosphate synthase (SPS), sucrose phosphate phosphatase (SPP) and sucrose synthase (synthesis) (SSs). Activities of starch synthesizing enzymes viz.sucrose synthase (cleavage) (SSc), ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase (AGPase) and soluble starch synthase (SSS) were reduced in concord with starch content under aerobic condition. Sucrose, soluble sugars, reducing and non-reducing sugars increased under aerobic condition in contrast with starch, UDP-glucose and ADP-glucose. UDP glucose pyrophosphorylase (UGPase) activity increased in shoot under aerobic condition to contribute sucrose synthesis while decreased in developing grains resulting in decreased starch content. Nitrogen, an essential component of all proteins, is one of the essential macronutrients required for better yield and therefore, nitrogen metabolism pathway was also studied under aerobic condition with respect to conventional condition and observed decreased activities under aerobic condition in both shoots and roots. Similar to enzymes, diminished metabolites viz. nitrite and alanine were observed under aerobic condition Crop sustainability under aerobic condition in all varieties could be attributed to osmoprotective role of sucrose and total soluble sugars. Our findings by semi-quantitative RT-PCR analysis also revealed up-regulation of SPS with down-regulation of AGPase and SUS transcript under aerobic condition is responsible for significant decrease in starch with increase in sucrose. Our results reveal decreased yield attributes under aerobic condition. Biochemical analysis, gene expression and yield attributes highlight the role of various enzymes prioritized for assimilate translocation under aerobic condition, and provide evidence of differentiation of metabolic pathway under two growing condition as well as aerobic and lowland rice varieties.ThesisItem Open Access In vitro antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of mustard extracts(CCSHAU, Hisar, 2021-09) Jyoti; Nisha KumariMustard is the third most important oilseed crop after oil palm and soybean. Although mustard is widely used as edible oil and condiment, the residue left after oil extraction is popularly used as livestock and poultry feed with excellent protein quality. However, the information regarding antioxidative and antimicrobial potential of mustard seed meal is still scanty. Therefore, the objective of the present study was to extract the polyphenols from brown and yellow mustard seed meal with different solvents i.e 80% methanol, 80% ethanol, 80% acetone and 80% isopropanol. Each extract was analysed for antioxidant potential using DPPH and ABTS scavenging activity, ferric ion reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assay, total antioxidant activity, iron chelating activity and β-Carotene content. The 80% acetone extracted maximum polyphenols followed by 80% ethanol, 80% methanol and 80% isopropanol. Brown mustard exhibited a higher amount of polyphenols as compared to yellow mustard. Yellow mustard exhibited higher antioxidant potential in terms of DPPH and ABTS scavenging activity, ferric ion reducing antioxidant power, iron chelating activity and β-Carotene content. Correlation analysis indicated a negative association between total phenolic content and DPPH, ABTS and FRAP. Antimicrobial potential was evaluated against two gram-negative (Escherichia coli and Xanthomonas campesteris), two gram positive (Bacillus cereus and Lactobacillus plantarum) bacteria and three fungi (Fusarium oxysporum, Macrophomina phaseolina and Candida albicans). Yellow mustard exhibited higher antibacterial activity while brown mustard had higher antifungal activity. Both the mustard seed meal extracts were ineffective against probiotic bacteria Lactobacillus plantarum. Gallic acid, caffeic acid, ferulic acid and sinapic acid were identified in mustard seed meal by HPLC analysis.ThesisItem Open Access Effect of phytase supplementation on micronutrients dialyzability in wheat bran(CCSHAU, Hisar, 2021-09) Kiran; Vinod KumarBread wheat, a staple cereal, have considerably low amount of iron (Fe) and zinc (Zn) bioavailability mainly due to the presence of phytic acid (PA; myo-inositol-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexakisphosphate), a phosphorus storage form in seeds, as a potent chelator of divalent cations. Wheat bran (WB) is a residue of the rolled milled wheat grain and it is rich source of dietary fibres, minerals, inorganic phosphates, vitamins, and tannins. The major portion of PA is accumulated in aleurone layer and globoid crystals of wheat. The PA chelates of Fe and Zn is a major source of concern for monogastric animals as lack of suitable digestible enzyme make this complex insoluble and decreases bioavailability of these micronutrients. Supplementation of exogenous phytase for dephytinization and value addition of cereals based foods is considered as a promising approach. In present study, experimental five wheat varieties were taken and their bran samples were collected for determining their chemical and biochemical properties (including content of PA, tannin, total dietary fibre, protein, inorganic phosphate, Fe and Zn) affecting the micronutrient bioavailability by either way. Significant variation was noticed in dietary fibre, crude protein and micronutrient content. Exogenous phytases from two different sources (fungal phytase from Aspergillus orizae strain SBS50 and wheat phytase from Sigma-Aldrich) were used to treat the wheat bran samples and determine their effects on above parameters. Phytase untreated samples were taken for comparative analysis of results obtained. For phytase treatments, 0.2 U/g phytase enzyme was used for both enzyme and results revealed that the PA content and tannin content was reduced by phytase treatment in the range of 37.2-39.5 % with wheat phytase and 7.90-33.33 % with Aspergillus phytase, respectively. Wheat phytase treatment was found more effective for PA, whereas, the Aspergillus phytase was found more effective in increasing the inorganic P content in treated bran samples. The inorganic P content in phytase treated bran sample was increased in the range of 16.30-29.62 % over untreated with maximum content was obtained in bran of WH 711 &WH 1021. Protein content after phytase treatment was increased for crude protein, whereas, soluble protein content was reduced to different extent. It was revealed that under given experimental conditions, phytase treatment resulted in decreased micronutrient dialyzability to different extent, with 7.11-45% reduction with wheat phytase treatment. Overall, wheat phytase treatment was found as comparatively better over Aspergillus phytase under given experimental conditions and bran of WH 1021 was found superior in studied quality attributes under given treatments. It is proposed to conduct the similar study with higher dose of phytase enzyme and in vitro digestion similar to gastric conditions before dialysis could give a greater and better insight into this area. The decreased dialyzability might be associated to experimental conditions and lower phytase dose. However, the results of the study showed that adding phytase to wheat bran improved its nutritional value for food applications.ThesisItem Open Access Effect of exogenous melatonin on cotton seed germination and seedling under saline condition(CCSHAU, Hisar, 2021-09) Jakhar, Sonika; Mandhania, ShiwaniCotton is an important fiber crop grown throughout the world and contributes significantly to global economy. Salinity is most destructive abiotic stress particularly at seed germination and seedling stage which considerably affects cotton productivity. Melatonin is regarded as a plant growth-promoting molecule and helps in mitigating several different abiotic stresses including salinity. Therefore, the present investigation was carried to study the effect of melatonin on seed germination and biochemical constituents in cotton under salinity stress. Results showed that salinity causes negative effects on cotton seed germination and decreases seed vigor. It also enhanced relative stress injury (in terms of electrolyte leakage), H2O2 and MDA content of seedlings by increasing membrane permeability to ions and solutes. Exogenous application of melatonin at the concentration of 20 μM has profound effect on seed germination, seedling vigor traits and antioxidant defense system in cotton under salinity soil. This indicates that seed priming with 20 μM melatonin mitigates the salinity effect and significantly improves cotton seed germination and vigor index traits. Melatonin might improve cotton germination under saline stress by mitigating the negative effect of oxidative stresses through elevating antioxidant defense system. This study provides an important information to improve cotton productivity in salt affected soil.ThesisItem Open Access Biochemical studies on antioxidative defense system in advance lines of wheat (Triticum aestivum L. em Thell.) grown under salt stress(CCSHAU, Hisar, 2021-08) Bhadu, Surina; Tokas, JayantiWheat (Triticum aestivum) is an important cereal crop for the world population. Based on productivity, wheat is the third most commonly grown cereal after maize and rice. It is essential for providing the mandatory amount of calories and protein content in the affluent human diet. Among abiotic stresses, salt stress is the chief reason which affects approximately 50% of crop productivity along with soil fertility. Under saline conditions, there is an imbalance in the uptake of the ions which disturbs the homeostasis between Na+/ K+ ratio. Due to the ions imbalance in plants, there is a generation of ionic and osmotic stress at the cellular level. The excess amount of ROS produced is the consequence of this stress which damages the membrane integrity that causes several changes at physiological, morphological, biochemical, and molecular levels. The present study was carried out on F5 and F6 generation of a conventional wheat cross between Kharchia 65 (salt-tolerant) × WH1105 (saltsensitive). The F5 generation was sown at 8 ECe while F6 was sown at 10 ECe and analyses were carried out at vegetative and reproductive stages. Under salt stress, WH1105 had higher oxidative stress components viz. H2O2, MDA which increased in response to the ROS and antioxidative defense system got activated to scavenges the excess of ROS. Kharchia 65 (salt-tolerant) showed higher antioxidative enzyme activities than WH1105 (salt-sensitive) under salt stress at both vegetative and reproductive stages. Introgress of Nax1 and Nax2 genes was much affective in increasing the antioxidative enzyme activities viz. at vegetative stage, SOD (1.33%, 4.50%), CAT(14.6%, 4.13%), APX(12.57%, 20.64%), GR (14.51%, 20.34%), GPX(13.91%, 4.34%), MDHAR (55.8%, 44.4%), DHAR (42.9%, 38.3%) and POX (10.44%, 4.29%) and at reproductive stage, SOD (3.26%, 3.25%), CAT(4.67%, 7.18%), APX(11.87%, 9.13%), GR (2.65%, 19.8%), GPX(19.16%, 8.48%), MDHAR (45.7%, 48.6%), DHAR (35.7%, 34.2%) and POX (7.58%, 7.12%) in F5 and F6 generations respectively in plants expressing Nax1 and Nax2 genes as compared to Kharchia 65 under salt stressed condition. The physiological parameter like RWC and osmotic potential declined with an increase in salinity and the Na+/K+ ratio was higher in F6 as compared to F5. The LOX activity was also higher in WH1105 indicating higher lipid peroxidation as compared to Kharchia 65. The proteomics data indicate that there is up-regulation of many proteins in the plants that expressing either Nax1 or Nax2 gene as compared to salt stressed Kharchia 65. From the present study, it is concluded that introgress of Nax1 and Nax2 genes had activated the antioxidative defense mechanism with an increase in the crop yield under salt stress.
