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Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar
Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University popularly known as HAU, is one of Asia's biggest agricultural universities, located at Hisar in the Indian state of Haryana. It is named after India's seventh Prime Minister, Chaudhary Charan Singh. It is a leader in agricultural research in India and contributed significantly to Green Revolution and White Revolution in India in the 1960s and 70s. It has a very large campus and has several research centres throughout the state. It won the Indian Council of Agricultural Research's Award for the Best Institute in 1997. HAU was initially a campus of Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana. After the formation of Haryana in 1966, it became an autonomous institution on February 2, 1970 through a Presidential Ordinance, later ratified as Haryana and Punjab Agricultural Universities Act, 1970, passed by the Lok Sabha on March 29, 1970. A. L. Fletcher, the first Vice-Chancellor of the university, was instrumental in its initial growth.
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ThesisItem Open Access Use of molecular markers for varietal identification and assessing phylogenetic status of Basmati rice in genus Oryza sativa L.(CCSHAU, 2011) Jyoti; Jain, SunitaMolecular markers provide novel tools for varietal identification, diversity analysis and assessing phylogenetic relationships among various rice groups in genus Oryza. A set of 50 rice genotypes comprising of seven japonica rice varieties, six traditional Basmati, thirteen cross-bred Basmati and 24 indica rice varieties was investigated using 54 markers (28 on chromosome 8 and 26 on rest of the chromosomes); data obtained has been used to assess the phylogenetic status of Basmati rice in genus Oryza sativa L. A total of 217 alleles were detected, with an average of 4.01 alleles per locus. Number of alleles per locus (3.5 alleles) for markers on chromosome 8 was less than the mean value (4.58 alleles) based on 26 SSR markers on rest of eleven chromosomes of rice. Eleven of these alleles were unique, present in only one genotype. Null allele was observed at only one locus (RM408) in Super Basmati. The number and size of alleles and Polymorphism Information Content (PIC) values ranged between 2-7, 83-381 bp and 0.074-0.810, respectively. An average PIC of 0.55 per locus was obtained, which confirms that markers used in this study were highly informative. Genetic relationships generated using the whole genome marker data as well as allelic profile on chromosome 8 and rest of eleven chromosomes separately placed 50 rice genotypes in three distinct clusters. Seventeen of the nineteen Basmati rice varieties (except two cross-bred Basmati rice varieties, Sabarmati and Improved Sabarmati) formed a separate cluster quite distinct from the indica and japonica rice clusters. Interestingly, mean similarity indices obtained from chromosome 8 dataset placed Basmati rice cluster at equal distance from japonica and indica rice types. However, whole genome as well as rest of the genome marker datasets placed Basmati group closer to indica rice varieties than japonica. Chromosome 8 dataset showed a positive correlation (Mantel test, r = 0.631) with the rest of the genome dataset, indicating a higher level of similarity between the two. All the traditional and crossbred Basmati rice varieties and two aromatic japonica varieties shared the same BAD2 alleles at the aroma locus, indicated the distinctness of the aroma locus. While the present study gives support to the hypothesis that japonica genotypes may have contributed towards the evolution of chromosome 8 or a part of chromosome 8 in Basmati rice, it also indicate the active flow of genes from indica rices during the course of parallel evolution in northern Indian sub-continent. The study also demonstrates the distinctness of TB from other rice types (indica and japonica) and also provides a number of novel SSR markers which can be used to differentiate within/among the various rice groups at commercial level. It was observed that the amplified products differing in ≥12bp can be separated on 3% agarose gels for varietal identification in Basmati rice, which is faster, much cheaper and relatively simple method compared to the advanced molecular methods already available for the purpose.ThesisItem Open Access Biochemical And Molecular Marker Analysis Of CSR10 (SALT Tolerant,Indica) X HBC19 (Taraori Basmati) Derived Recombinant Inbred(Department Of Biochemistry College Of Basic Sciences And Humanities CCS Haryana Agricultural University : Hisar, 2010) Bhanker,Vinita.; Jain,Sunita.ThesisItem Open Access Biochemical Characterization of Pearl Millet [Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br.] Genotypes for Identifying Off-Odour Factors(CCSHAU, 2015) Sharma, Bunty; Chugh, L.K.Thirty four pearl millet inbreds grown during kharif 2012 and kharif 2013 were analysed for fat content, total phenols content, activities of peroxidase, lipoxygenase and lipase. Significant variation was observed in all the parameters during both the seasons. These genotypes also showed wide variation in development of FA in flour (prepared from grains of each inbred harvested during these seasons) stored for 30 days under ambient conditions. Five contrasting genotypes for each parameter were identified based on mean performance recorded during two seasons. However, these genotypes were statistically at par in respect of off odour developed and were not distinguishable from each other. Positive correlation was found between fat content and phenol content (r = 0.401 for kharif- 2012 and 0.383 for kharif-2013). Built up of fat acidity was also related to fat content (r = 0.960 for kharif-2012 and 0.867 for kharif-2013), phenol content (r= 0.409 for kharif-2012 as well as kharif- 2013) and lipase (r = 0.706 for kharif-2012 and 0.732 for kharif-2013). Development of off odour was not related to either the contents (fat % and total phenols) or enzyme activities (peroxidase and lipoxygenase). Lipoxygenase (LOX) from pearl millet genotype HBL 0843-2 was purified using ammonium sulphate fractionation, gel filtration chromatography and ion exchange chromatography using Sephadex G - 100 and DEAE cellulose respectively, to near homogeneity. Two isoforms of LOX namely LOX 1 and LOX 2 were yielded after purification. The purified isozymes LOX 1 and LOX 2 had molecular weight of 85 kDa and 79 kDa respectively as determined by gel filtration through Sephadex G-100. The yield of LOX1 and LOX 2 was 28 and 24 %, respectively. The two isozymes LOX 1 and LOX 2 were purified with 56 and 40 fold respectively. LOX1 exhibited maximum activity at pH 4.5 and 25 °C while LOX 2 exhibited maximum activity at pH 4.8 and 25 °C. LOX 1 and LOX 2 showed thermostability at 35 °C when incubated for 30 minutes and after this temperature the activity started declining. Both isozymes were stable in the pH range of 7–7.8. LOX 1 showed more stability at pH 7 while LOX 2 at pH 7.5. LOX 1 and LOX 2 had km value for linoleic acid 0.86 uM and 0.57 uM, respectively. Activity of both isozymes was highly inhibited by vitamin E, ascorbic acid and trolox. LOX 1 showed 66 and 78 % inhibition and LOX 2 had 61 and 69% inhibition with ascorbic acid and vitamin E, respectively. Monovalent ions Na+ and K+ were found to have deleterious effects on the activity.ThesisItem Open Access Biochemical evaluation of drought resistance in chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)(CCSHAU, 2015) Ekta; Singal, H.R.The present study was carried out to evaluate drought induced changes in chickpea genotypes and their F3 progeny lines. The chickpea genotypes viz. drought sensitive (HC-1) and drought tolerant (ICC-4958 and RSG-931) were grown under both irrigated and drought conditions and the progeny lines of the crosses viz. HC-1×ICC-4958 and HC-1×RSG-931 were grown under drought condition created by withholding irrigation. The effect of drought stress was observed on oxidative stress, membrane integrity, antioxidative system, osmolytes accumulation and protein profile in relation to changes in plant water status in leaves and roots at 50% flowering and 50% podding stages. The water potential of leaves, osmotic potential and RWC of leaves and roots decreased in all the genotypes. However, the magnitude of reduction in RWC was more in drought sensitive genotype. Similarly, the reactive oxygen species (superoxide radicals and H2O2) and lipid peroxidation (MDA content and LOX activity) increased in response to water deficit and the increase was more in both the tissues (leaves and roots) of sensitive genotype at both the stages (50% flowering and 50% podding). Drought stress resulted in increase in the activities of SOD, POX, GR in all the genotypes, but the increase was more in both the tolerant genotypes. Contrarily, reduction in CAT activity was observed in both the tissues at both the stages in all chickpea genotypes. Likewise, APX activity declined in leaves of both the drought tolerant genotypes only at 50% flowering stage, but in roots its activity increased at both stages. Ascorbic acid and glutathione content were found to be more in both the tissues of all the chickpea genotypes under water limiting condition, however, the percent increase was more in tolerant genotypes. Decline in osmotic potential in both the tissues may be due to accumulation of proline and total soluble sugars. Further, increase in pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase activity and decline in proline oxidase activity observed in leaves and roots of all the chickpea genotypes under stress condition is in agreement with higher proline levels. Decrease in protein content was observed in both the tissues. However, new protein bands appeared under drought stress in all genotypes as revealed by SDS-PAGE. Among the progeny lines of both the crosses, the lines I-6, I-7, I-14, I-16, R-2, R-9 and R- 10 showed better performance in terms of physiological and biochemical parameters as compared to their drought tolerant parent, under drought stress condition and hence, are the promising lines which may be used in plant breeding programmes aimed at developing drought resistant varieties.ThesisItem Open Access Biochemical And Molecular Charaterzation Of Jatropha Curcas For Frost Tolerance(College Of Basic Sciences And Humanities CCS Haryana Agricultural University : Hisar, 2011) Arora,Ruby.; Singal,H.R.ThesisItem Open Access Biochemical Changes In Ber (Ziziphus Mauritiana Lamk.) Fruits During Ripening, Post Ripening And Storage(Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University; Hisar, 2010) Praduman; Malhotra, SarlaThesisItem Open Access Effect of drought stress on starch metabolism in late sown wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) during grain development(CCSHAU, 2013) Mahla, Reena; Madan, ShashiThe present investigation was conducted to investigate the effect of drought stress on starch metabolism in late sown wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) during grain development. The four genotypes i.e. two tolerant (WH 1021 and WH 1080) and two susceptible (WH 711 and HD 2687) were raised in late sown conditions under irrigated and drought stress conditions. Drought stress was created by withholding the irrigation at anthesis stage. Analysis of data reavealed that during grain development, starch metabolising enzymes i.e. sucrose synthase, ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase, soluble starch synthase, starch branching and starch debranching enzyme increased in all genotypes and reached their peaks but their maximum peak values and time at which they reached were different in different genotypes. Increase in sugar content was found under drought stress conditions in comparison to irrigated conditions at different days after anthesis. Water stress caused a marked reduction in starch content of grains. In all genotypes level of ADP-glucose and UDP-glucose increased up to 21st DAA and then declined. Physiological parameters like relative water content, osmotic potential, chlorophyll content, chlorophyll fluorescence, cell membrane thermostability and canopy temperature depression declined under drought stress conditions over irrigated conditions. Quality parameters like moisture content and crude fibre decreased whereas, sedimentation value, gluten, protein content and grain hardness increased under drought stress condition over irrigated conditions. Yield parameters like grain number per spike, grain weight, number of productive tillers, biomass per plot and grain yield decreased under drought stress. The reduction in physiological, biochemical, yield and grain quality traits was found to more pronounced in the susceptible genotypes in comparison to the tolerant ones. WH 1021 was adjudged to be most tolerant genotype.ThesisItem Open Access Use Of Molecular Markers For Warietal Identification And Assessing Phylogenetic Status Of Basmati Rice In Genus Oryza Sativa L.(Department Of Biochemistry College Of Basic Sciences And Humanities CCS Haryana Agricultural University : Hisar, 2010) Jyoti; Jain,Sunita.ThesisItem Open Access Biochemical Investigations on Nutritional Properties of Pearl Millet [Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br.](CCSHAU, 2015) Mukesh Kumar; Chugh, L.K.The present investigation was carried out to achieve two objectives. Under the first objective for identifying the promising, pearl millet lines among the 103 pearl millet genotypes (46 inbreds, 46 designated B-lines and 11 hybrids/composites) for their nutritional characters viz. crude protein, total antioxidant activity (TAA), phytate, micronutrients (Fe and Zn) and total phenols were grown during kharif-2013 and kharif-2014. Significant variation was observed in all the parameters during both the seasons. All the hybrids/composite except HHB 67imp and WHC 901-445 demonstrated excellent antioxidant capacity. On the basis of mean performance of two successive seasons 8 advance inbreds viz. DPHBL 11-123, H 1305, HBL-112/H12/1011, HBL 0843-04, LPBL 10/112, LPBL 10/120, H 0620 and 94/54-1 and 14 designated B-lines viz. HMS 7B-1, HMS 14B, HMS 16B, HMS 18B, HMS 21B, HMS 26B, HMS 32B, HMS 36B, HMS 39B, HMS 46B, HMS 52B, HMS 53B, HMS 59B and ICMB 89111 were selected as promising for different nutritional characters. A significant positive correlation was observed between Fe and Zn contents (r = 0.523 to 0.702, P<0.01) and between TAA and total phenols content. The second objective of this investigation was to find out relationship if any, between nitrogen metabolizing enzymes activities in pearl millet flag leaf and roots and protein, phytate and micronutrients (Fe & Zn) deposition in developing grains. For achieving this, five pearl millet genotypes viz. HMS 14B, HMS 18B, HMS 53B, HC 20 and WHC 901- 445 were grown. Activities of nitrogen metabolism enzymes viz. nitrate reductase (NR), nitrite reductase (NiR), glutamine synthetase (GS), glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH), aspartate aminotransferase (AspAT) and alanine aminotransferase (AlaAT) in flag leaf and roots were measured at different growth stages while deposition of protein, phytate and micronutrients (Fe and Zn) were recorded in developing grains at different grain developmental stages. All enzymes showed higher activities in flag leaf than that of roots of every genotype. NR, NiR, GS and AspAT activities in flag leaf increased up to anthesis stage and after that started decreasing while GDH activity remained almost constant throughout the growth period till grain maturity. No relationship was observed between activities of these enzymes in flag leaf and roots and deposition of any nutrients in developing grains except grain protein content. Along with these genotypes four other genotypes were also investigated for leaf NR activity at 25DBS and their grain protein content. A strong positive correlation was observed between in vivo NR activity in flag leaf at 25DBA and grain protein content (r = 0.700 to 0.887, p<0.01). This might be used as biochemical marker for predicting grain protein content at early growth stage of plants.