Loading...
Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar
Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University popularly known as HAU, is one of Asia's biggest agricultural universities, located at Hisar in the Indian state of Haryana. It is named after India's seventh Prime Minister, Chaudhary Charan Singh. It is a leader in agricultural research in India and contributed significantly to Green Revolution and White Revolution in India in the 1960s and 70s. It has a very large campus and has several research centres throughout the state. It won the Indian Council of Agricultural Research's Award for the Best Institute in 1997. HAU was initially a campus of Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana. After the formation of Haryana in 1966, it became an autonomous institution on February 2, 1970 through a Presidential Ordinance, later ratified as Haryana and Punjab Agricultural Universities Act, 1970, passed by the Lok Sabha on March 29, 1970. A. L. Fletcher, the first Vice-Chancellor of the university, was instrumental in its initial growth.
Browse
9 results
Search Results
ThesisItem Open Access Economic evaluation of climate smart agriculture technologies in Haryana(CCSHAU, Hisar, 2023-03) Manpreet Kaur; Malik, D. P.Climate smart agriculture (CSA) is an approach which guides the actions to transform and re-orient the system of agriculture to increase agricultural productivity sustainably, adaptation to climate change and reduction of greenhouse gases emission. The climate smart agriculture technologies constituents a set of technologies grouped together to form five major components; carbon and energy smart technologies, knowledge smart technologies, nutrient smart technologies, water smart technologies and weather smart technologies. A purposive multistage sampling technique was used for selection of cultivators from both climate smart villages (CSVs) and non-climate smart (Non-CSVs) villages of both Kurukshetra and Sirsa districts selected purposively from east and west agro-climatic zone of Haryana. In Kurukshetra district, the increase in the returns over cost A2 + FL in CSVs as estimated through propensity score matching was found to be ₹3898.75, ₹6397.19 and ₹11457.74 for a hectare paddy, wheat and mustard, respectively with the adoption of CSA technologies. In Sirsa district, per hectare increase in returns over cost A2 + FL as estimated through PSM was calculated to be ₹6977.13, ₹10477.88, ₹7577.18 and ₹8859.20 for paddy, wheat, cotton and rice, respectively in CSVs. For cattle enterprise, an increase in returns over variable cost for both Kurukshetra (₹37.71 animal-1 day-1) and Sirsa district (₹42.45 animal-1 day-1) was estimated by PSM. Similarly, increment in returns over variable cost for buffalo were attained in CSVs of Kurukshetra district (₹45.87 animal-1 day-1) and Sirsa district (₹78.93 animal-1 day-1). Based on DID technique, increase of total farm income in Kurukshetra district (₹194074.30) and Sirsa district (₹92648.04) were attained in CSVs over non-CSVs. Pathway analysis revealed that CSA technologies had been proved to be very successful in attaining the goals of food security, adaptation and mitigation. The Improved crop varieties, laser land leveler, concentrate feeding for livestock, happy seeder, ICT based agro-met advisories, crop insurance and contingent crop measures were identified as high rated technologies whereas, zero till drill, green manuring, SSNM, super seeder, fodder management, intercropping with legumes were medium or poor rated technologies. The major constraints identified like land holding status, low education and skills, low profitability, lack of adequate credit facilities, delayed release of subsidies and lack of capacity building of cultivators were causing hindrance in the adoption of CSA technologies.ThesisItem Open Access Economic analysis of chemical fertilizer use in India(CCSHAU, Hisar, 2023-02) Sharma, Nitin; Pannu, R S.Chemical fertilizers have played a vital role in the success of India's green revolution and consequent self-reliance in foodgrain production. the effectiveness of fertiliser in enhancing crop productivity is apparent, excessive fertiliser usage has negative environmental repercussions because nutrients pollute the hydrosphere or biosphere. In view of the aforementioned facts, the current research will focus on an economic analysis of chemical fertiliser usage in India the study used both primary and secondary data to fulfil the objective of the study. The present study was conducted in four districts (two from each zone) of Haryana, namely Bhiwani, Faridabad, Fatehabad and Yamuna Nagar districts, based on the fertilizer consumption under major crops during 2018-19. Both primary, as well as secondary data, were used for attaining the objectives of the study. The growth of consumption was positive during the period from 1990-91 to 2019-20 Thus, there was considerable increase consumption of fertilizer. Except from the period 2010-11 to 2019-20, phosphorus and potash show negative growth rate. Intensity of fertilizer use was highest in Bihar followed by Pondicherry, Punjab and Haryana. Highest production of fertilizer was in Uttar Pradesh Followed by Maharashtra, UP, MP and Punjab. Whereas Haryana was at rank 13 with the consumption of 1410.45 thousand tonnes in 2019-20. There is increasing trend in the consumption of Urea, DAP, MOP and CAN except CAN. The Paddy wheat cropping system was one of the most prominent cropping systems. Cotton wheat cropping system was second most preferred system followed by the farmers. In BR W cropping system there was negative technology gap, in case of nitrogen and phosphorus there was negative and low technology gap, whereas in case of potash technology gap was Medium negative. In NBR W cropping system there was negative and very low technology gap in case of nitrogen and phosphorus, whereas in case of potash technology gap was Medium and positive. In all other cropping system technology gap was medium to high and positive which means the consumption of fertilizer is low as compare to recommendation. Area Under HYV, cropping intensity had signification effect on consumption of fertilizer in Haryana where as in case of Yamuna Nagar and Faridabad price of potash was found to be negative and statistically significant. The results depicted the government policy impact the consumption on fertilizer which affect the balance use of fertilizer. From the results we conclude that policy has direct impact on prices of fertilizer which affect the purchasing power of farmers.ThesisItem Open Access Socio-economic impact of agro-meteorological advisory services in Haryana(CCSHAU, Hisar, 2023-09) Nisha; Malik, D. P.Weather's effects on agricultural operations and farm production show how it affects farmers' livelihoods. Inspiring farmers to organise and employ their own resources in order to reap the tremendous rewards is possible with the help of advance meteorological information. Keeping same in view, the present study was conducted in Kurukshetra, Sonipat, Kaithal and Karnal districts selected from eastern zone and Hisar, Sirsa, Fatehabad and Bhiwani districts selected from western zone based on maximum number of farmers registered in the m-Kisan portal. A purposive multistage sampling technique was used for selection of AAS and non-AAS farmers. The main source of awareness about AAS in the eastern zone and western zone was personal contact with officials and fellow farmers or panchayat head (63.75%), respectively. All the farmers received AAS in Hindi language. Majority of farmers received advisories once-a-week in both zones. Gramin Krishi Mausam Seva (GKMS) as developed by IMD in 2008 enhanced the current coverage of AAS. The distribution of these advisories was conducted by different personnel operating at AMFUs/DAMUs, SAUs, ICAR institutes, NGOs, and other organizations. Mediums employed for disseminating the advisories included newspapers, electronic media and social media platforms like WhatsApp groups, Facebook groups, Twitter, and websites of IMD, KVKs, and state agriculture departments. The foremost individual function for which the farmers agreed that they employed advisories while scheduling was marriage ceremony in both the zones. In case of community-based function, it was social and cultural entertainment function in the eastern zone and gathering for social work in the western zone. In the eastern zone, the increase in net return of paddy and wheat estimated through propensity score matching was found to be Rs11044.76 ha-1 and Rs3596.88 ha-1, respectively. While, in the western zone, the increment in net return estimated through propensity score matching was found to be Rs7319.28 ha-1, Rs3494.52 ha-1, Rs3547.06 ha-1, Rs698.45 ha-1 and Rs5449.51 ha-1 in case of paddy, wheat, pearlmillet, cotton and mustard, respectively. The major perceptional, technical, organizational and social constraints faced by the AAS and non-AAS farmers in the eastern as well as western zones included lack of location-specific information, occasional inaccuracy of weather information, insufficiency of two-way communication between sender & receiver and lack of education and skills. The strategies to enhance the impact of AAS included trainings for improving user capacity in accessing AAS through apps, augmenting mass media outreach and app training.ThesisItem Open Access A Study to develop optimum combination of farm enterprises in Haryana(CCSHAU, Hisar, 2023-08) Sunita; Malik, D.P.The present investigation was carried out to develop optimum combination of existing farm enterprises on different category of farms in Haryana. For study purpose, Hisar, Mahendergarh and Sonipat districts of Haryana state, were randomly selected from each zone. From each selected district one block was selected randomly. From each selected block, different villages were selected to collect the data regarding major crops and livestock enterprises of that area. Total 80 farmers were selected from each district which makes a total of 240 farmers in the district. The selected farmers were categorized as small (upto 2 ha), medium (2-4 ha) and large (>4 ha) according to their operational size of holdings. Linear programming technique was used to achieve optimum combination of farm enterprises. In Hisar district human labour employment was found highest in cotton crop followed by guava crop, carrot, buffalo and broilers. Highest human labour was employed by carrot crop in Mahendergarh district followed by kinnow, HF cow, mustard, broilers, pearlmillet and wheat crop. For Sonipat district, the highest employment was found in mushroom cultivation followed by sugarcane, guava, buffalo, broilers, potato, paddy and wheat. Among crops the maximum labour utilization was under harvesting/picking activity. In case of buffalo and broiler rearing, the maximum labour use was under feeding and watering activity. In mushroom cultivation, compost making was the highest labour using activity which utilized 165.38 man days on small category farms while on medium and large farms it was 165.67 and 170.33. In all the three districts the highest net return generated was from poultry enterprise. In Mahendergarh district, the highest gross return was generated by poultry enterprise followed by citrus orchard, HF cow, carrot, wheat, mustard, and pearlmillet. From mushroom cultivation, highest net returns per shed (Rs. 144512.96) were generated on large category farms (>20 sheds) followed by medium category farms (Rs.139629.26). In livestock net returns were highest on large category farms. Total net returns in optimum and relaxed resource plan were increased on each category farm in each district. Total net returns in optimum plan in Hisar district were Rs.1228054 (small), Rs.3223939 (medium) and Rs.5369640 (large). In Mahendergarh district total net returns in optimum plan were Rs. 1166347, Rs.2876228 and Rs. 5196940 on small, medium and large category farm. For Sonipat district the net returns in optimum plan on small, medium and large category were Rs. 1259396, Rs. 3312573 and Rs. 5441168. Inadequate irrigation was the major constraint for most of the crops. For fruit crops insect pest attack was also a major problem. For livestock and poultry high cost of concentrates and feed was main constraint in their adoption.ThesisItem Open Access An empirical analysis of agricultural credit system in Haryana(Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University hisar, 2022-05) Sanjay; Pannu, R.SThe present study was carried out to analyze the agricultural credit system of Haryana. A total of 300 farmers selected from 6 villages of three different agro climatic zones were interviewed. Demand supply gap calculations were made for the period 2009-18. It was observed that there was an over-supply of short term credit in Hisar and Karnal zone whereas, deficit was there in Jhajjar zone. Despite skewed distribution, Haryana witnessed an over-supply of short term credit throughout the study period. Of the total credit advanced to the sampled farmers, 17.1% 52.8% and 30.1% was utilized, partially diverted and completely diverted. Short term credit was primarily diverted towards marriage expenses, construction and repair, vehicle purchase, paying land rent, purchase of agricultural machinery and implements. The logistic regression performed to find the factors affecting credit defaults revealed that age area owned, outstanding non-institutional debt affected defaults positively and significantly whereas loan availed frequency, hypothecation/guarantor, family type and account holder before loan affected defaults negatively and significantly. The constraint analysis showed that time taken in sanctioning the loan, complexity of the procedure, excessive file charges, registry charges and managerial discretion affected access to institutional credit. Continuously decreasing profits, divergence towards paying debt, marriage and study expenses were the major reasons of defaults according to. Whereas, lenders found loan waiver promises and willful defaults as prime reasons. Clean record, land holding and off-farm income were major attributes that affected access to non-institutional credit cost of credit and compulsion of selling farm producing same lender or paying a penalty and is to sale were the problems reported by the study regarding non institutional financeThesisItem Open Access Dynamics of major oilseeds and pulses in India(CCSHAU, Hisar, 2021-10) Sadhanala Swetha; Mehta, V. P.The study on “Dynamics of Major Oilseeds and Pulses in India” was done with the following objectives: (1) To analyze the trends in the area, production productivity, prices of oilseeds, and pulses, (2) To examine the export and import status of oilseeds and pulses, (3) To study major constraints in the export and import of oilseeds and pulses, (4) To suggest suitable policy measures and implications for the future. The present study was based on secondary data collected from various published sources, viz., indiastat.com, Statistical Abstract, Agricultural Statistics at a Glance, FAOSTAT and Directorate of Economics, and Statistics, Government of India, New Delhi, etc. The area, production, and productivity data were collected for the pulses and oilseeds during 1990-91 to 2019-20. The total period is divided into three periods, i.e., period-I (1990-91 to 1999-00), period-II (2000-01 to 2009-10), and period-III (2010-11 to 2019-20). The compound growth rate (CGR) is calculated for the above three and overall period to analyze the growth in the area, production, and productivity. In period-I, it is observed that there is a positive growth rate in the area for both pulses and oilseeds. In period-II, it is observed that there is a positive growth rate in the area, production, and productivity for both pulses and oilseeds. In period III, it is observed that there is a negative growth rate in the area, a positive growth rate in production and productivity for both pulses and oilseeds. . For the above period, the average compound growth rate (CGR) in major states for Bengal gram as 2.82, 1.34, and 3.5, for Black gram -0.69, 0.53, and 0.215, for Pigeon pea 0.65, 1.29, and 0.61, for Chickpea 1.27, 0.96, and 0.74, and for Green gram -0.71, 0.55, and 0.116 is observed in the area, production, and productivity. The overall growth trend analysis of Sunflower recorded 4.15, 2.05, and 3.75 annually, Soybean recorded 1.05, 0.65, and 0.25, Mustard recorded 2.35, 1.35, and 0.29, Groundnut recorded -0.38, 1.10, and 0.42, Sesame recorded -13.30, 8.18, and -5.75, and Safflower's overall growth trend analysis recorded -3.85, 2.13, and 1.15 annually in area, production and productivity-wise. There have been variations in the growth behavior of different oilseed crops over the years. Crops like groundnut, soybean, and rapeseed-mustard have seen increased production, whereas minor oilseed crops like safflower have seen a decline in area and production. Export and import data is also analyzed for both the pulses and oilseeds. Suitable policy measures are necessary to lift the oilseed economy by pushing the productivity of all major and minor oilseed crops in the major growing states. India has gained a comparative advantage in the export of pulses and a comparative disadvantage in oilseeds.ThesisItem Open Access Agricultural insurance in india vis-à-vis in Haryana: problems and prospects(CCSHAU, Hisar, 2020-07) Punia, Meenu; Kundu, K. KThe present investigation was carried out to study price and yield risk involved in different crops at national and state level, performance of the existing and earlier national agricultural insurance scheme, awareness and knowledge of respondent farmers towards crop insurance schemes, and problems and prospects of agriculture insurance schemes. The required secondary data on production and prices of insured crops were collected from secondary sources. Primary data pertained to Haryana state, which divides into three clusters. Multistage random sampling used and total 240 respondent farmers (120 insured and 120 non-insured) were selected for conducting the study. In case of wheat, area and production followed declining trend and became more stable after Green revolution period. But, in case of wheat at all India level, yield risk were maximum volatile and its value shot up more than 100 per cent, respectively. Further, the instability of yield in case of India rose due to frequent severe droughts during 1981-82 to 2003-04. In case of Bajra, overall risk in area was highest among all the principal crops (i.e. approx. 11%). So, in case of Haryana, gram showing the maximum overall risk in area and production (45.69% and 70.29%) among other crops. Gram has been observed to be the riskiest crop in respect of production as well as yields. This understand the need for addressing risks in farm income by devising area-specific crop insurance or other suitable mechanisms and implementation of Pradhan Mantri Fasal Bima Yojana (PMFBY) in year 2016 is an important tool in addressing this issue. The study revealed that age of the respondent did not show any significant difference between borrower and non-borrower. Respondent farmers suggested for improving existed scheme and they want quick settlement of claims which is usually taking more time. Risk factors faced mostly in agriculture are drought, flood, fire etc. Overall majority of the borrower had opted the Banks/ financial institutions compulsion as the top most motivating factor for taking crop insurance i.e. 35.83 per cent. Second position was taken by the benefit of insurance (26.66%) for their motivation. No one gave others option as motivation factor. Constraints generally faced by the borrower farmer like delay in claim settlement (25.83%), inaccurate yield estimation (20.83%), inadequate implementation (20.00%), delay in claim settlement (25.83%), lack of awareness about the scheme and exclusion of a malicious damage, theft and grazed and destroyed by domestic animals etc. as 3.33 per cent. as major constraints. Further, the claim premium ratio in First Individual Approach Scheme was 8.34, indicating that for every one rupee of premium collected; the scheme paid Rs 8.34 in claims. It means high out go in the scheme. The benefits of CCIS were highly skewed towards few states and many more drawbacks found in different schemes. Under PMFBY from kharif 2016 to kharif 2017, there has been a significant increase in the number of gross premiums, claims paid and farmers benefitted: 21 per cent, 64 per cent and 29 per cent, respectively. The difference between gross premium and claim paid/compensation paid in the Kharif season has reduced and indicated a divergence in the data on the disbursement of claims and the profits made by private insurance companies. While the negative effects, the number of insured farmers has declined by 14 percent from Kharif 2016 to Kharif 2017, and the total area insured has decreased by ten percent over the span of one year. Likewise, from kharif 2017 to kharif 2018 no. of insured farmers has declined further by 4 per cent, and the total area insured has decreased by seven per cent. However, there has been a significant increase in the number of gross premiums as 45 per cent. The PMFBY has therefore failed to achieve its main targets, i.e. increasing the area and the number of farmers insured. Awareness must be created among farmers regarding different insurance schemes available to farmers, procedure for insuring the crops, methods of loss assessment and compensation determined etc. to tackle the problems.ThesisItem Open Access An economic analysis of dairy farming business in Haryana(CCSHAU, Hisar, 2021-08) Loura, Manju; Ghalawat, SumanThe present study was carried out with the objectives to analyze the investment, resource use pattern, profitability and turnover, to examine the extent of adoption of recommended management practices and constraints in the Dairy Farming and SWOT analysis of dairy farming in Haryana. The study was based on primary as well as secondary data. The Haryana state was divided into two agro-climatic regions/zones i.e. eastern and western regions. The eastern and western regions were denoted as Zone-I and Zone-II, respectively in this study. Zone-I included the districts of Kaithal and Karnal. Zone-II comprised Sirsa and Hisar districts. From the selected districts, two blocks from each district were selected randomly for the present study. Twenty-five farmers practising dairy farming were selected randomly from each block as respondents for the study. Therefore, the total sample size for this study was 200 dairy farmers. To achieve the specific objectives, the primary data from the sample dairy farms were collected through survey method on pre-structured schedules designed for the purpose. The data were collected to work out the investment and consumption pattern in dairy production, profitability and turnover of dairy farms, adoption level of recommended management practices and constraints, SWOT analysis of dairy farming in Haryana during 2019-20. The respondents were divided into three categories i.e. small, medium and large herd size on the basis of number of milch animals. Tabular method and descriptive statistics were used by using IBM SPSS software to attain the desired objectives. The outcome of study revealed that average total variable cost per milch animal per day in Zone-I and Zone-II was ` 120.33 and 133.85, respectively. Overall total variable cost per milch animal per day in Haryana was found to be `127.09. On the other hand, average total fixed cost per milch animal per day was ` 178.56 and 173.41 in Zone-I and Zone-II of Haryana. Overall total fixed cost in Haryana was ` 175.98, whereas overall gross cost was ` 298.56 in Zone-I and ` 307.26 in Zone-II of Haryana. Overall gross cost in Haryana was ` 302.91. Milk productivity was 7.91 and 8.09 l/day/milch animal in Zone-I and Zone-II in Haryana, respectively. Overall milk productivity of Haryana was found to be 7.98 l/day/milch animal. It was also revealed that average milk price was ` 53.60 and 53.70 in Zone-I and Zone-II, respectively. Average milk price of Haryana was ` 53.65. It may also be concluded that net returns per milch animal per day in Zone-I were ` 125.67 and ` 128.30 in Zone-II of Haryana. Average net returns per milch animal per day of Haryana were ` 126.57 per milch animal per day. As far as average milk production was concerned it was found to be 72.95 t per month. Average milk production of Haryana per annum was 60.79 t. The average turnover of the dairy units in Haryana was ` 32.81 lakh. Study revealed that among all the recommended management practices animal health practices were followed by majority of the dairy farmers and the corresponding mean value was 1.75 and the rank was 1st, followed by socio-economic management practices (corresponding mean value 2.02 and rank 2nd), hygiene milking practices (corresponding mean value 2.12 and rank 3rd), animal well-being (corresponding mean value 2.23 and rank 4th), nutrition (corresponding mean value 2.56 and rank 5th), and environmental practices with corresponding mean value 2.57, were least preferred or we may say least adopted by dairy farmers hence environmental practices were given rank 6th. On the other hand, among all the constraints, financial were faced by majority of the dairy farmers and the corresponding mean value 1.69 and rank 1st. We concluded that among all the constraints financial constraints were the most important constraint, followed by constraints regarding unavailability of skilled labour (corresponding mean value 1.85 and rank 2nd), production constraints (corresponding mean value 2.45 and rank 3rd), and marketing constraints (corresponding mean value 2.73 and rank 4th). Major strength of dairy sector was high milk production, high per capita availability of milk, availability of best buffalo breed, reasonable market margins, increasing demand of milk and milk products and self-sufficiency in medicine production. Whereas weakness of dairy sector was involvement of more informal channel, quality issues, opposition to cooperatives, scattered milk production, seasonal fluctuation in milk production and lack of infrastructure and major opportunity in dairy sector was high demand of milk and milk products among youth and sports persons, increased awareness about quality products, involvement of huge investment in dairy sector, high export potential and overall positive growth in dairy infrastructure. It was revealed that major threats to dairy sector were scattered milk production, lower educational level of dairy farmers, existence of large numbers of milk vendors, excessive grazing, increase in cost of feed and high transportation charges and excretion of methane gas from dairy farms. On the basis of conclusions of the study, we may suggest that cost of feed and fodder should be minimized, credit facilities should be strengthened, training programs for adoption of good dairy practices should be organized and last but not the least infrastructure for dairy sector should be strengthened.ThesisItem Open Access Spatial and temporal crop diversification in India and their consequences on agriculture(CCSHAU, Hisar, 2020-02) Swamy H. M.; Sharma, U. K.After the independence Indian agriculture focused mainly on the food security issues targeting more of food rains, but in the recent decades Indian agriculture able to meet food demand and became net food grain exporter, this was achieved from technology called green revolution, till then agriculture in India was of subsistence in nature but in the recent decades agricultural concern shifted from food grain crops to commercial or non-food grain crops to meet economic and financial demand of farmers. The results of the analysis indicated that Southern region witnessed composite entropy index value crossing 50 per cent in case of cereals (0.63) and total crop sector (0.62) during 2005-17 periods. While, Western region revealed an average of five periods composite entropy index of 0.53, 0.52 and 0.51 in case of total food grains, oilseeds and total crop sector. Northern region shown significant improvement in diversification index from 0.27 to 0.41 during 1955-65 to 1985-95. Thereafter, downfall in the diversification index was noticed. Exactly the reverse trend was seen in case of pulses and oilseeds. Commercial, fiber crops and over all crop sector revealed consistent increase in diversification index from 0.16 to 0.32, 0.21 to 0.29 and 0.40 to 0.49. In the eastern region cereals and pulses drawn the significant increase in diversification index value from 0.35 to 0.49 and 0.42 to 0.54 during study period. North eastern region all crop groups have showcased remarkable progress in terms of diversification index which was 0.24 to 0.46 in cereals, 0.01 to 0.47 in pulses, 0.24 to 0.46in total food grains, 0.06 to 0.42 in oilseeds, 0.10 to 0.19 in commercial crops, 0.12 to 0.34 in fiber crops and 0.41 to 0.43 during study period. At all India level composite entropy index for cereals, pulses, oilseeds and fiber crops have shown a slight improvement, but commercial and over all crop sector have witnessed significant improvement having diversification value of 0.22 to 0.46 and 0.42 to 0.51 for commercial and overall crop sectors, respectively. Thereby, clarifying a clear message of diversification going on towards commercial crops, at the same time maintaining area under other crops as well, this might be due to increased cropping intensity and other such factors.
