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Govind Ballabh Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar
After independence, development of the rural sector was considered the primary concern of the Government of India. In 1949, with the appointment of the Radhakrishnan University Education Commission, imparting of agricultural education through the setting up of rural universities became the focal point. Later, in 1954 an Indo-American team led by Dr. K.R. Damle, the Vice-President of ICAR, was constituted that arrived at the idea of establishing a Rural University on the land-grant pattern of USA. As a consequence a contract between the Government of India, the Technical Cooperation Mission and some land-grant universities of USA, was signed to promote agricultural education in the country. The US universities included the universities of Tennessee, the Ohio State University, the Kansas State University, The University of Illinois, the Pennsylvania State University and the University of Missouri. The task of assisting Uttar Pradesh in establishing an agricultural university was assigned to the University of Illinois which signed a contract in 1959 to establish an agricultural University in the State. Dean, H.W. Hannah, of the University of Illinois prepared a blueprint for a Rural University to be set up at the Tarai State Farm in the district Nainital, UP. In the initial stage the University of Illinois also offered the services of its scientists and teachers. Thus, in 1960, the first agricultural university of India, UP Agricultural University, came into being by an Act of legislation, UP Act XI-V of 1958. The Act was later amended under UP Universities Re-enactment and Amendment Act 1972 and the University was rechristened as Govind Ballabh Pant University of Agriculture and Technology keeping in view the contributions of Pt. Govind Ballabh Pant, the then Chief Minister of UP. The University was dedicated to the Nation by the first Prime Minister of India Pt Jawaharlal Nehru on 17 November 1960.
The G.B. Pant University is a symbol of successful partnership between India and the United States. The establishment of this university brought about a revolution in agricultural education, research and extension. It paved the way for setting up of 31 other agricultural universities in the country.
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ThesisItem Open Access Design and Development of Battery-Operated Barnyard Cleaner(G. B. Pant University of Agriculture & Technology, Pantnagar-263145, 2023-02) Singh, Mukhmeet; Singh, JayantThe Prototype of battery-operated Barnyard cleaner is developed which could operate with the help of 0.900kW DC motor. The chain conveyor with L-shaped scraper blade assembly carry the cattle dung and other waste from the ground surface of animal shelter towards the dung collection box. The inclined platform that carried cattle dung was made from fibre sheet. A BLDC motor of 48V/28Ah was used which could run the machine continuously for about 1.5 hours. The best performance of the machine was achieved at forward speed of 0.82m/s and λ-Ratio of 3.33. Average cattle dung collection was about 3878kg/h. The machine can clean an area of approximately 2382m2/h whereas same area would require about 22man hours in manual method. The machine is design to work well in small and large paddocks. The machine can easily be manoeuvred by the operator from a safer distance of few centimeters at the rear side of machine. The machine leads to reduction of drudgery and discomfort experienced by laborer while dung collection which in turn leads to increased output and better quality of work.ThesisItem Open Access Effect of Pre-Strain on Micro-Structural Behavior and Mechanical Properties of a Medium Carbon Steel(G. B. Pant University of Agriculture & Technology, Pantnagar-263145, 2023-07) Yadav, Shailesh; Chauhan, SakshiThe aim of this experimental work was to investigate the “Effect of Pre-Strain on Micro-Structural Behavior and Mechanical Properties of a Medium Carbon Steel”. The specimens were austenized for soaking time of 4 hours at temperatures 1100°C and 900°C, then quenched in water. Specimens are subjected pre-strain value 0%, 4%, 7% and 10% of elongation for tensile test before tempering. Then specimens were tempered at temperatures 500°C and 300°C for soaking time 2 hours and cooled in air. After cooling tensile test and hardness test were performed. Tempering and cooling rate have been proven to affect and improve the micro-structure and mechanical properties of medium carbon steel (MCS). Thus, tempering is employed to get desirable qualities of MCS such as increased toughness, ductility or removal of residual stresses. The changes in mechanical behavior as compared with untreated specimens are explained in terms of changes in UTS, Yield strength, hardness, elongation, ASTM number and grain size. Results show that the mechanical Characteristics can be changed and improved by tempering for a particular application. It was also found that the Yield strength and UTS decreases as grain size increases with increase in deformation. UTS and hardness increases by increasing pre-strain value while deformation decreases. Hardness of specimen increased after quenching. To reduce this hardness tempering process was applied and specimen became tougher. With the increase in grain size the percentage elongation also increase. MCS changes from ferrite and pearlite structure to austenite structure when heated over critical temperature. Sudden quenching in water changes its structure austenite to martensite structure. Also the structure of steel is changed by tempering. Some of the extra carbon atoms that were bound in the crystal lattice during quenching have been released during tempering. As a result, tiny, finely scattered carbide particles precipitate within the steel matrix. These carbides prevent dislocations from moving, increasing the steel's strength and hardness.ThesisItem Open Access Evaluation of Groundwater Storage Anomalies in Major River Basins of India using GRACE Satellite and In-Situ Groundwater Level Data(G. B. Pant University of Agriculture & Technology, Pantnagar-263145, 2024-06) Murudkar, Ankita Chandrakant; Kumar, DeepakGroundwater, a significant source of fresh water and often referred to as an invisible resource, plays a crucial role in sustaining various aspects of human life. However, excessive exploitation of groundwater can lead to adverse consequences such as droughts, water scarcity, and hindered social and economic development. Therefore, it is essential to analyze groundwater levels to effectively manage this vital resource. This study focuses on understanding groundwater depletion by investigating 14 different locations across five basins (Ganga, Krishna, Godavari, Mahanadi, and Narmada), strategically selected to be 300 km apart. In the Ganga Basin, the locations of Badarwas, Daryaganj, Prayagraj and Bahera were chosen, while Adlur and Amarapuram were selected in the Krishna Basin. For the Godavari River, Jalgaon, Dhoki, and Akolebazar selected as the study locations. Bodeli, Handia, and Banjari represented the Narmada River, and BLD-022-OW and Abhimanpur were selected in the Mahanadi Basin. A comprehensive dataset spanning 17 years from 2002 to 2019 was utilized, incorporating GRACE (Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment) and GLDAS (Global Land Data Assimilation System) data to calculate groundwater storage anomalies (GWSA). The Mann-Kendall and Sen's slope methods were utilized to conduct trend analysis. Weaker correlations were observed between GWSAWELL and GWSAGRACE in the Ganga, Krishna, Narmada, and Godavari basins. To improve correlation with in-situ measurements (GWSAWELL), machine learning techniques, namely Artificial Neural Networks (ANN), Random Forest (RF), and Support Vector Machines (SVM), were employed. Spatial and temporal trend analysis revealed depletion patterns during specific seasons. Among the machine learning models, the RF model consistently demonstrated strong correlation levels (<0.90) with GWSAWELL. This research enhances groundwater estimation and facilitates effective water resource planning in densely populated areas through the application of machine learning techniques and analysis of long-term datasets.ThesisItem Open Access Performance Analysis of Line Start Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor using Finite Element Method(2022-10) Dwivedi, Harsh; Rawat, Harendra SighThe transportation sector accounts for 23% of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions worldwide through vehicle fuel combustion. Meeting climate mitigation goals requires transformative changes in the transport sector. This includes transition from current fuel combusting vehicles to Electric Vehicles (EVs). EVs have the potential to have significant effects on energy, the environment, and transportation. Qualities like higher power density, smaller size and higher efficiency make PMSM a superior candidate than its counterparts. Therefore, the performance of Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor (PMSM) is analysed in this thesis using Finite Element Method. A buried magnet type Line Start PMSM motor is simulated using Ansys Maxwell Software. Finite Element Method for the transient analysis of simulated PMSM in Ansys Maxwell software gave us better understanding of flux pattern and magnetic field. Concept of Cogging Torque is also discussed. A 3-phase Sinusoidal Pulse Width Modulated (SPWM) Inverter is simulated in Ansys Simplorer Software and Dynamic Analysis of above simulated motor is examined. Speed control techniques are discussed and Field Oriented Control (FOC) is implemented using MATLAB Simulink Software. Performance analysis of PMSM’s speed, torque and current for sudden load changes is observed. The FOC speed controller is than tuned for low maximum peak overshoot and low settling time using hit and trial method to give better results. PMSMs are becoming more and more relevance with the advent of power electronics devices, use of stronger magnets, and better speed control techniques.ThesisItem Open Access Comparison of PI and Fuzzy Logic Controller for the Speed Control of Switched Reluctance Motor(G. B. Pant University of Agriculture & Technology, Pantnagar-263145, 2022-10) Gupta, Navneet Kumar; Gupta, ShobhitDue to its simple structure and its reliability Switched Reluctance Motor (SRM) is becoming very popular. Usually, typical PI controller is used to regulate the speed of SRM. In the thesis, a PI controller and Fuzzy Logic Controller (FLC) is designed to control the speed of SRM drive. The performance of SRM with PI and Fuzzy Logic controller is analyzed in Matlab/Simulink platform. To prove the superiority of FLC, its performance is compared with typical PI controller. Performance of the switched reluctance motor has simulated and studied with typical PI and Fuzzy Logic Controller. From the simulation results obtained, it showed that FLC can improves the speed response of SRM drive with less settling time, less rise time as compared to typical PI controller. Finally, it is proven that FLC is suitable for SRM drive to achieve the smooth speed response over a wide range of speeds. Hence from the analysis of switched reluctance motor with PI and FLC we can say that the speed control of Switched Reluctance Motor is better in case of Fuzzy Logic Controller as compared with PI controller.ThesisItem Open Access SPEECH DEREVERBERATION BY FEATURE MAPPING USING SKIP CONVOLUTIONAL NEURAL NETWORK(G. B. Pant University of Agriculture & Technology, Pantnagar-263145, 2023-02) Ganhwar, Utkarsh; Mathur, SanjayReverberation is the phenomenon that degrades the quality of a speech signal when reflected off objects in space causing multiple reflections to build up. Reverberation disrupts information contained in an audio signal recorded by remote microphones and in hands free telephonic plot. This corruption in signal caused by reverberation makes speech recognition system ineffective while recognizing the voices in automatic voice recognition applications. Dereverberation is the method to reduce the reverberation in an audio signal and increase the speech quality. There is a growing demand of dereverberation techniques to remove corruption from the audio signals in real time scenarios and to make automatic speech recognition systems more effective. In this dissertation, an approach to the dereverberation of a speech signal is presented by feature mapping using Skip Convolutional Neural Network. The evaluation of the performance of the proposed network with a given data set is also calculated for a better understanding of the results with the proposed network. Pre-extracted clean speech and reverberant speech datasets are used for training/testing speech dereverberation algorithms to train the proposed network. The original reverberant data has only a little degree of reverberation. So, strong reverberation effects were added to the clean speech datasets using a reverberator object (with predefined functions of MATLAB) to generate synthetically reverberant datasets. This synthetically generated reverberant speech data make the system effective against a high degree of reverberation. Afterwards, the network performance is evaluated by calculating the cepstral distance (CD), log likelihood ratio (LLR) etc. In the end, predicted the log-magnitude spectra of the reverberated speech signal using the pretrained network.ThesisItem Open Access Performance Analysis of Squirrel Cage Induction Motor using Finite Element Method(G. B. Pant University of Agriculture & Technology, Pantnagar-263145, 2022-10) Rani, Sanyogita; Rawat, Harendra SighPresently, Induction motors are driving forces of industry for both controlled and uncontrolled applications because of their robust construction and easier controlling techniques with efficient energy conversion. In addition, Three-phase induction has a low price, a reasonably good power factor, self-starting, and a low cost of maintenance. Three-phase squirrel-cage induction motors are widely used as industrial drives due to their self-starting, reliability, and economy. In this thesis modeling and analysis of three-phase squirrel cage induction motor and simulation using ANSYS Electronics has been done. The finite element method provides us to compute induction motor characteristics. The motor parameters and characteristics can be precisely calculated and predicted in terms of field computation and analysis results. Magnetic flux lines, Magnetic flux density, and transient analysis using the Maxwell 2d model are analyzed and animated using the two-dimensional finite element method in ANSYS Maxwell 2D. A 3-phase Sinusoidal Pulse Width Modulated (SPWM) Inverter is simulated in Ansys Simplorer Software and the Dynamic Analysis of the above-simulated 2D transient model of induction motor is examined. MATLAB-SIMULINK is used for the analysis, of the close loop V/f control of the Induction Motor in MATLAB, using the PID controller. The PID based feedback controller functioning is validated by results of Matlab based simulation model. The variation of torque, and rotor speed for target reference speeds and sudden load changes is observed.ThesisItem Unknown Investigation on Mechanical Behaviour and Fracture Toughness of Dissimilar AA2024 and AA7075 Friction Stir Welded Joints(2023-07) Singh, Jayant; Gope, P. C.The effect of friction stir tool rotational seed, and post-weld heat treatment on the tensile strength, micro-hardness, and fracture toughness of the dissimilar friction stir welded joint between AA2024 and AA7075 aluminium alloys is studied. The characterizations of the results are performed with the help of optical micrographs, scanning electron micrographs, and EDS/FE-SEM mapping. AA2024 was placed on the retreating side and AA7075 was on the advancing side and the joint was made at 1500 and 2000 rpm tool rotational speed. Two temperatures 170 oC and 423 oC and two soaking times of 12 h and 24 h are used for Post weld heat treatments. 96.2 % enhancement in tensile strength was obtained due to post-weld heat treatment at 423 oC for 24 h soaking time and 1500 rpm tool rotational speed. For 2000 rpm tool rotational speed about 94.3% strength enhancement was obtained for post-weld heat treatment at 170 oC and soaking time of 12 h. All tensile failed specimens show a stir zone as the failure zone with crack initiation from the advancing side and propagated towards the retreating side. Two distinct fracture surface conditions consisting of the curvilinear river-like pattern on the advancing side and a brittle type of fracture on the retreating side were seen. The highest fracture toughness of 26.758 MPa√m, 30.013 MPa√m, and 33.487 MPa√m was obtained for notch location at stir zone, heat affected zone of 2024 side and 7075 side and post weld heat treatment at 170 oC and soaking time 24 h respectively. The strength enhancement is due to the formation of Cu-Mn precipitates with some inter-metallic such as Al7Cu2Fe and Mg2Si. The EDS mapping of the SZ shows a dense agglomeration of Al, Mg, Cu, Zn, and Fe for 1500 rpm tool rotational speed and dense agglomeration of Al, Cr, Cu, Zn, and Mg at the stir zone for 2000 rpm rotational speed.ThesisItem Open Access PRIORITIZATION OF SUB WATERSHEDS AND GROUNDWATER POTENTIAL ZONES MAPPING OF CHANDRABHAGA RIVER CATCHMENT USING MCDM APPROACH AND GEOINFORMATICS(G. B. Pant University of Agriculture & Technology, Pantnagar-263145, 2023-02-01) Debbarma, Najima; Kumar, DheerajThe conservation of natural resources is essential to the growth of any region. For a developing nation like India, judicial use of available resources is the utmost necessity and targeting locations of such life sustaining resources will help in saving ti me and provide security. Management of land against erosion and providing water security is the objective of every researcher involved in the field of resources management. With this goal in mind, the present study on Chandrabhaga River catchment of Rajsam and district in Rajasthan, was undertaken with the objectives to study morphometric parameters of the catchment with the use of PCA (Principal Component Analysis), prioritization of sub watersheds using MCDM method (AHP) and identification of groundwater p otential zones. ArcGIS software was used for preparation of various data relating to the study area by using toposheets, DEM data and satellite images. The Chandrabhaga River catchment was sub divided into 9 sub watersheds, SW1 SW9 and 13 morphometric par ameters under three (linear, areal and relief) aspects were computed. PCA was performed and 4 morphometric parameters were extracted and the other parameters correlated with them were considered for performing prioritization using AHP for erosion susceptib ility assessment. For AHP method, criteria were ranked using significant positive correlation values. Out of 9 sub watersheds, SW1, SW2, SW3 and SW4 with total area of 321.90 km 2 , were identified as most vulnerable to erosion due to steep physiography, hig h drainage densities and stream frequencies. So, the soil conservation measures can first be applied to these sub watersheds first depending upon the priority. With the help of ArcGIS software, 9 thematic layers viz drainage density, lineament density, to pographic wetness index, slope, geomorphology, geology, soil texture, land use/cover and rainfall distribution were prepared. The weighted index overlay analysis technique was used to overlay these layers. From the results it was concluded that morphometri c analysis could be an effective methodology for identifying the erosion susceptible regions. Results indicated that, out of total area of 673.52 km 2 , 106.55 km 2 (15.81%) and 4.11 km 2 (0.63%) area have good and very good potential of groundwater respectively. The results were validated with observed groundwater level data of wells using ROC curve. The area under the curve for AHP was found to be 75%. Based on the ROC curve analysis, it was concluded that AHP approach produced reliable results. It was also revealed from the study that accuracy of these approaches ultimately depends on the criteria of classification and weights assigned to the thematic layers.