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Govind Ballabh Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar
After independence, development of the rural sector was considered the primary concern of the Government of India. In 1949, with the appointment of the Radhakrishnan University Education Commission, imparting of agricultural education through the setting up of rural universities became the focal point. Later, in 1954 an Indo-American team led by Dr. K.R. Damle, the Vice-President of ICAR, was constituted that arrived at the idea of establishing a Rural University on the land-grant pattern of USA. As a consequence a contract between the Government of India, the Technical Cooperation Mission and some land-grant universities of USA, was signed to promote agricultural education in the country. The US universities included the universities of Tennessee, the Ohio State University, the Kansas State University, The University of Illinois, the Pennsylvania State University and the University of Missouri. The task of assisting Uttar Pradesh in establishing an agricultural university was assigned to the University of Illinois which signed a contract in 1959 to establish an agricultural University in the State. Dean, H.W. Hannah, of the University of Illinois prepared a blueprint for a Rural University to be set up at the Tarai State Farm in the district Nainital, UP. In the initial stage the University of Illinois also offered the services of its scientists and teachers. Thus, in 1960, the first agricultural university of India, UP Agricultural University, came into being by an Act of legislation, UP Act XI-V of 1958. The Act was later amended under UP Universities Re-enactment and Amendment Act 1972 and the University was rechristened as Govind Ballabh Pant University of Agriculture and Technology keeping in view the contributions of Pt. Govind Ballabh Pant, the then Chief Minister of UP. The University was dedicated to the Nation by the first Prime Minister of India Pt Jawaharlal Nehru on 17 November 1960.
The G.B. Pant University is a symbol of successful partnership between India and the United States. The establishment of this university brought about a revolution in agricultural education, research and extension. It paved the way for setting up of 31 other agricultural universities in the country.
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ThesisItem Open Access Study of genetic parameters and seed quality traits in wheat (Triticum aestivum L. em Thell.)(G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand), 2021-11) Mathpal, Pallavi; Karnwal, M.K.The present investigation entitled “Study of genetic parameters and seed quality traits in wheat (Triticum aestivum L. em. Thell.)” was carried out at Norman E. Borlaug Crop Research Centre, Govind Ballabh Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar, Uttarakhand during 2020. The experiment was conducted in randomized block design in field with thirty-one genotypes and three replications in rabi season to determine the genetic variability, heritability, genetic advance and correlation coefficient analysis between yield and its component. ANOVA revealed significant differences among all genotypes for all characters under study. Phenotypic coefficient of variation (PCV) was higher than genotypic coefficient of variation (GCV) for all the characters under study. High to moderate GCV and PCV was observed for germinative energy, grain yield per plant, harvest index (%), thousand grain weight, first count (%), seedling shoot length, fresh weight, dry weight, vigour index I, vigour index II, speed of germination, time to 50% germination, germinative value and peak value. High heritability coupled with high genetic advance was exhibited by grain yield, harvest index, thousand grain weight, germination energy, germinative value, seedling shoot length, vigour index II, peak value, first count (%), fresh weight and dry weight. Highly significant and positive correlation of grain yield per plant was observed with biological yield per plant, harvest index, thousand grain weight, vigour index I, vigour index II, seedling length, spike length and number of tillers per plant. Therefore, more emphasis should be given to these characters for improvement of grain yield in wheat through selection programme.ThesisItem Open Access Prevalence, seroprevalence and postvaccinal antibody response of Peste des Petits ruminants virus in goats(G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand), 2021-11) Netam, Amisha; Tewari, AnujPeste des petits ruminants (PPR) is an economically important transboundary disease of sheep and goats caused by Peste des petits ruminants virus (PPRV). In India, the disease is endemic and therefore, Government of India has initiated PPR control program (PPR-CP) under which kids more than 4 months of age are vaccinated. At the same time it is also important to know the seroprevalence of PPR in unvaccinated goats to know the virus circulation. Therefore, this study was conducted to know the seroprevalence of PPR in unvaccinated goats around the Pantnagar region of Uttarakhand and also to understand the virus distribution in the region. In addition, study also included antibody response and kinetics in Pantja goats vaccinated against PPRV. Total 212 serum samples from goats were collected randomly from various villages from three district (Udham singh Nagar, Nainital, and Almora) of Uttarakhand. Serum samples were tested for anti-PPRV antibody by a commercially available kit from IDvet. 41 animals from various villages were found positive with a prevalence rate of 19.33%. At the same time, PPR outbreaks were also reported from the Pantnagar area. Blood, nasal, oral and rectal swabs were collected from the 19 goats suspected/showing clear sign of PPR. RNA was extracted from the swabs and was subject to one step RT-PCR. The amplified PCR product confirmed PPR in 8 goats with a PPRV prevalence rate 42.10%. Two representative swab samples (one pooled swab and one nasal swab) were subjected to virus isolation in Vero cells. Swabs from both goats showed typical cytopathic effect of PPRV in the first passage and led to complete detachment of the cell monolayer in 48-72 hours in comparison to the vaccine strain Sungri 96 which showed complete cytopathic effect in 4-5 days without complete monolayer detachment. Post vaccination antibody response in Pantja goats vaccinated against PPRV varied from 7-10 days and the antibody response was maintained upto 91 days. Hence the present study signifies that PPRV is circulating in the Tarai region of Uttarakhand and there is an urgent need of mass vaccination to increase the herd immunity to substantial level.ThesisItem Open Access Response of plant growth retardant (Mepiquat Chloride 5% AS) in Chilli cv. Pusa Jwala(G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand), 2021-12) Chauhan, Mukesh Singh; Manoj RaghavThe present investigation was undertaken to evaluate the “Response of Plant Growth Retardant (Mepiquat Chloride 5% AS) in Chilli cv. Pusa Jwala” at Vegetable Research Centre of G.B. Pant University of Agriculture & Technology, Pantnagar, Udham Singh Nagar (Uttarakhand) during kharif season of 2021. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Block Design with three replication and seven treatments. During the study, observation on plant height at 30, 45, 60 DAT, number of branches per plant, leaf area at, chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and total chlorophyll content, number of fruits/plant, average fruit length, average fruit weight , yield / plant, yield per plot, and gross yield/ ha , total soluble solids, ascorbic acid content and ascorbic acid: total soluble solids ratio were recorded. The findings of present investigation revealed that the performance of chilli cv. Pusa Jwala was significantly influenced by different plant growth retardant treatments. Among all treatments, Plant Growth Retardant Mepiquat Chloride 5 % AS @ 1500 ml/ha at 15 days before initiation of flowering followed by 2nd spray at initiation of flowering (T6) was found best with respect to overall plant growth, yield and quality parameters with a total yield (59.65 q/ha). Based on overall performance, it could be concluded that under prevalent climatic conditions of Uttarakhand tarai region, plant growth retardant mepiquat chloride 5 % AS @ 1500 ml/ha at 15 days before initiation of flowering followed by 2nd spray at initiation of flowering is the best in terms of higher yield of chilli cv. Pusa Jwala. Hence, recommended for commercial cultivation, provided all other scientific management practices are followed.ThesisItem Open Access Assessment of genetic diversity and variability for yield and its component in bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L. em.Thell)(G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand), 2021-10) Annu Kumari; Karnwal, M.K.Wheat (Triticum aestivum L. em. Thell), also known as Bread Wheat is an allohexaploid crop (2n=6x=42), belongs to family Gramineae. It is known as ‘King of Cereals’ as it is the best staple diet for the people and can be grown in variety of soils and climates. The present investigation was conducted at N. E. Borlaug Crop Research Centre, G. B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar, Uttarakhand, during the Rabi Season 2020-21. The experiment was carried out in the Complete Randomized Block Design (CRBD) containing 25 genotypes along with three replications. The observation were recorded for thirteen characters viz., days to 75% heading, days to maturity, plant height, spike length, awn length, productive tillers per plant, spikelets per spike, grains per spike, grain weight per spike, 1000- grain weight, biological yield per plant, grain yield per plant and harvest index. The recorded data were analysed for analysis for variance, variability, heritability, genetic advance, correlation and clustering of different genotypes. Results revealed that variance was highest for plant height and lowest for grain weight per spike. The coefficient of variability was recorded highest for grain weight per spike and lowest for days to 75% heading. The PCV was greater than GCV for all the characters studied. High value of heritability was recorded for plant height and lowest for biological yield per plant. Grain yield per plant exhibited highest genetic advance in percent of mean and lowest for days to maturity. However, correlation analysis revealed that grain yield exhibited highly significant and positive phenotypic and genotypic correlation with 1000 grain weight followed by harvest index, biological yield per plant and grains per spike. Path coefficient revealed that Harvest index, biological yield per plant, days to maturity, productive tiller per plant, spikelets per spike, plant height, 1000 grain weight and awn length exhibited positive direct effect towards grain yield. However, grain weight per spike, spike length, grains per spike and days to 75% heading showed negative direct effect towards grain yield. All 25 genotypes of bread wheat was grouped into eight clusters with different genotypes based on Mahalanobis D2 statistics. Out of eight clusters, cluster I had 5 genotypes, cluster II had 7 genotypes, cluster III consisted of 3 genotypes, cluster IV consisted of 3 genotypes, cluster V consisted of 2 genotypes, cluster VI included 1 genotype, cluster VII included 2 genotypes and cluster VIII consisted of 2 genotypes. The maximum intra cluster distance was found for cluster VIII (75.935) and cluster VI (0.00) had minimum intra cluster distance. Inter cluster distance was found maximum between cluster I and cluster VIII (619.920) and minimum was found in cluster II and cluster VIII (313.372). The higher inter cluster distance indicated greater genetic diversity between the genotypes of those clusters, while lower values between the clusters suggested that the genotypes of these clusters had lesser genetic diversity. Maximum per cent contribution towards the total genetic divergence was indicated for plant height (25.54) and minimum for days to maturity (0.38).ThesisItem Open Access Effect of Vrikshayurveda based herbal Kunapjala (liquid biofertilizer) on growth, flower yield and essential oil quality of Matricaria chamomilla L.(G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand), 2021-12) Kalpasi, Ankita; Chaturvedi, PreetiA field experiment was conducted during December 2020 to April 2021 at “Medicinal Plants Research and Development Centre” (MRDC), G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar, U.S. Nagar (Uttarakhand)to study the “Effect of Vrikshayurveda based herbal Kunapjala (Liquid BioFertilizer) on Growth, Flower Yield and Essential Oil Quality of Matricaria chamomilla L.” The experiment was conducted in randomized block design containing 10 treatments with three replications. Three different types of Kunapjala at three different doses were compared to RDF for improvement of vegetative, floral and essential oil attributes of M. chamomila in field conditions. The soil of experimental field wassandy clay loam with pH (6.67), EC (0.101dS/m), organic carbon (0.68%), available nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium (183.57, 20.18 and 188.51 kg/ha respectively). In the present investigation, RDF showed significantly higher values of all vegetative parameters which was very close to the values obtained by higher doses of herbal Kunapjala. The different floral parameters were significantly affected by different treatments. Though number of flowers and flower yield was higher in T10 (RDF), the highest doses of nettle based Kunapjala (T3) promoted early bud initiation and flower diameter. Similarly, maximum oil content (0.27 %) was also obtained in T3. Number of bioactive compounds in essential oil were also highest (33) with nettle based Kunapjala. The higher doses of Kunapjala increased the process of mineralization making the essential nutrients (NPK) available to plants similar to that provided by the chemical fertilizers. The value of TPC and TFC also showed dose dependent increase with increasing doses of herbal Kunapjala and was found maximum in T3 which in turn increased the antioxidant potential of M. chamomilla. There was seen a dose dependent increase with increasing Kunapjala dosage and hence optimization of the Kunapjala doses is essential for field application in different crops. Hence, from the results of present investigation it can be concluded that the Vrikshayurveda based herbal Kunapjala prepared from easily available livestock excreta, agricultural weeds and other common household organic products can be used as a successful and sustainable alternative to the chemical fertilizers for increasing crop productivity and soil fertility. As the experiment was conducted for just one season, one more year of investigation is required for the validation of the results obtained.ThesisItem Open Access Characterization of germplasm lines for yield and yield contributing traits in wheat (Triticum aestivum L. em. Thell)(G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand), 2021-11) Rawat, Vaishali; Anil KumarWheat (Triticum aestivum L.em. Thell) is one of the world’s largest cereal crop. It occupies high, productivity and the prominent position in the international food grain trade. The development of high yielding wheat cultivars is the main objective of any wheat breeding programme in the world. Identification of better genotypes with desirable traits and their subsequent use in breeding programme and establishment of suitable selection criterion can be helpful for successful varietal improvement programme. Analysis of variability among the traits and the association of particular character in relation to other traits contributing to yield of crop would be of great importance in planning a successful breeding programme. The present investigation was carried out in Rabi season, 2020-2021 at N.E. Borlaug Crop Research Centre, G. B Pant University of Agriculture & Technology, Pantnagar. The experimental material for the present investigation comprised of 200 germplasm accessions along with four checks, namely, HD 3086, UP 2855, WH 1080 and UP 2865. These genotypes were evaluated in Augmented Block Design and observations were recorded for 14 characters viz., days to 75% heading, days to maturity, flag leaf area, peduncle length, number of tillers per meter, plant height, spike length, number of spikelets per spike, number of grains per spike, grain weight per spike, 1000-grain weight, biological yield, grain yield per plot and harvest index. Variance (mean sum of square) was found to be highest for the biological yield followed by grain yield and number of tillers per meter and lowest for spike length. The coefficient of variability was found to be highest for grain yield and lowest for days to maturity. Highest genotypic coefficient of variation was observed for grain yield and lowest for days to maturity. High estimates of heritability in broad sense accompanied with high estimates of genetic advance (GA) as per cent of mean was recorded for the grain yield, which indicated the presence of additive gene effects. Grain yield was positively and significantly associated with the biological yield, number of tillers per meter, harvest index, 1000-grain weight, plant height, flag leaf area, peduncle length, grain weight per spike, spike length, number of spikelets per spike and number of grains per spike and non-significant and negatively correlated with days to 75% heading and days to maturity. The genotypes were grouped into 8 different clusters by non-hierarchical Euclidean cluster analysis. Cluster I had 39 genotypes, whereas cluster II comprised of 27 genotypes, cluster III had 39 genotypes, cluster IV had 4 genotypes, cluster V comprised of 14 genotypes, cluster VI had 37 genotypes, cluster VII had 15 genotypes and cluster VIII comprised of 29 genotypes. The intra cluster distance was maximum for cluster IV (23.27) and minimum for cluster I (13.00). The inter cluster distance was found maximum between cluster IV and cluster VII (92.05) and minimum between cluster I and cluster II (18.62). On the basis of findings of the study, five desirable donors for each character were identified on the basis of character mean. KACHU/SAUAL/3/TRCH/SRTU//KACHU [37 ESWYT-111], HD 3226, K 1805, WH 1182 and PRL/2*PASTOR[36 ESWYT-02] ware found to be most promising donor genotypes for grain yield. These genotypes can be used in future breeding programmes to improve the yield potential of the variety. For other characters, genotypes can be picked up from different groups, formed on the basis of their ranking.ThesisItem Open Access Empowerment of women gram pradhan through panchayati raj institutions: a study in Garhwal region of Uttarakhand(G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand), 2021-11) Sawan, Vishaka; Rana, KiranWomen constitute half part of the society, with equal rights, women in India are victims of a multiple of socio-economic, political, and cultural factors. Women with disabilities have been largely neglected. Also due to many societal rules and regulations, they never are a part of the decision-making process. When we talk about the status of women in the Indian society, the most important aspect that comes to mind is patriarchy. Though at present women enjoy equal status with men as per the constitution and legal provisions but still, they have a long way to go. It is correct that “a country flourish if its women flourish”. So, women’s empowerment is vital towards the development of the society. ‘Empowerment’ means ‘to authorize’. In the context of the people, they have to be authorized to have control over their own lives. Women empowerment means to give women the opportunity to fulfil their creative capabilities and desires and take decisions independently. It has social, political, economic, cultural dimensions. Though many laws have been enacted not only at the national level but also at the international level, women could not occupy an equal role in the decision-making processes across the world. Even in the post 73rd Amendment of the Constitution of India, the role of women in its democratic decision-making is not satisfactory. On March 12th, 2008, the Uttarakhand Panchayat Law (Amendment) Bill was passed, establishing a 50% reservation for women in Panchayati raj institutions. For two consecutive administrations, the Act called for a 50 percent quota for women in the Panchayat Raj System. In Uttarakhand, the provisions of the Uttarakhand Panchayati Raj Amendment Act 2008 have been in effect for more than ten years. However, their administrative role is minimal; they work according to their husbands and in-laws and do not make decisions on their own; they are not so aware of their powers and responsibilities; and they have a low political status. It is necessary to comprehend the constraints that women experience under the PRI in the state of Uttarakhand, specifically in the Dehradun District. The present study entitled “Empowerment of Women Gram Pradhan through Panchayati Raj Institutions: A Study in Garhwal Region of Uttarakhand” Four blocks were chosen randomly from the Dehradun district. A total of 170 Gram Panchayats are present in these four blocks, and from these Gram Panchayats, 80 women Gram Pradhans were selected for the study. A semi structured interview schedule was used to collect the data from the respondents. In the present study Interview schedule, Knowledge test by Dak (2008), Empowerment scale by Tyade (2006) was used. The statistical techniques such as percentage, mean, frequency and standard deviation were used to analyse the data for meaningful interpretation. The findings of the study reported that the majority of the respondents were middle aged, there was not a single respondent who was illiterate. All the respondents were married, belonged to the nuclear family type and had a medium family size. Maximum respondents belonged to the general caste, had agricultural background and possessed land of less than one hectare. Majority of them had a political contact with the block pramukh, had a medium level of annual family income, extension agency contact, mass media exposure, cosmopoliteness and decision-making ability. The findings reflect that majority of the respondents possessed medium level of knowledge about Panchayati raj institutions and had a medium level of empowerment (social, economic and political). The results of the study showed that women Gram Pradhans viewed the lack of funds from the government for development work as the major constraint. The findings of the study will help the government and NGOs designing strategies to enhance the knowledge level and empowerment level of the respondents and will also assist them in reducing the constraints face by women gram Pradhans in PRIs.ThesisItem Open Access Study for the equation of state of nanomaterials(G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand), 2021-11) Prachi; Munish KumarInterest in nanomaterials grew a lot among researchers due to its numerous applications at high pressure in this world. Nanomaterials show various properties because of their small size in the order of nanometers. Their applications are in areas of sensors, drug delivery, medical diagnostics, gene therapy, and catalyst. Nanotechnology developed due to such applications. We developed a simple method to study the effect of pressure, size and shape on nanomaterials. We studied the pressure dependence of V/V0 for various shapes and sizes. The materials which we used are WC (25nm), MgO (20nm), Re0.52W0.48B2 (30nm), Ho2O3 (14nm), α-Ga2O3 (14nm), β-Ga2O3 (14nm), ReB2 (40nm), and ZnO2 (3.1nm). This is due to the availability of experimental data of compression corresponding to them. We analyzed them in various shapes and sizes at room temperature. We also found that shift in the isotherm curve was large for film shape and small for the tetrahedral shape of nanomaterial. We concluded that film-shaped nanomaterials are most compressible whereas tetrahedral-shaped nanomaterials are least compressible due to differences in surface to volume atomic ratio for different types of shapes. The results are in good agreement with available experimental data which proves the validity of the formulation developed in the present work. Simplicity and applicability is an important part of the present thesis.ThesisItem Open Access Studies on the nematicidal effect of Ammonium bicarbonate and lime against Meloidogyne incognita (Kofoid and White, 1919) Chitwood, 1949 on tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.)(G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand), 2021-09) Patil, Prashant; Rawat, ShilpiTomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) is an important vegetable in India but its productivity is very low (214.5 q/ha), compared to the developed countries, and this can be attributed to the vulnerability of tomato crop to various diseases including fungal, bacterial, viral and nematode diseases. Among the above diseases, Root-knot nematodes are the major pathogens of vegetable crops and are responsible for causing huge yield losses every year in heavily infected crops. Meloidogyne incognita deteriorates the quality of fruit and thereby causing yield losses of 30 to 40% of tomato crop. The experiment was carried out during the year 2019 and 2020 at Department of Plant Pathology, Collage of Agriculture, G. B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology Pantnagar. Laboratory study on identification of M. incognita resulted with important findings based on morphological characterization of species. The experiment conducted to study the effect of different inoculum level viz, 250, 500, 1000, 2000, 4000 and 8000 second stage larvae of M. incognita on various growth parameters of tomato showed significant reduction at the inoculums level of 500 J2 per kg of soil and above. Damaging threshold level at inoculum level of 2000 J2 per kg of soil and maximum reduction at 8000 J2 per kg of soil has been observed in tomato cv Pant T-3. Experimental results of in vitro evaluation of compounds on egg hatching of M. incognita showed, rate of egg hatching was directly proportional to time period and inversely proportional to concentration of compounds used. AB+L @ 10.0 per cent concentration at the end of 120 hours exposure period was most effective as compared to other compounds. Similarly, in vitro evaluation of effect of compounds on mobility of J2 of M. incognita showed that immobility of second stage larvae was found directly proportional to time period and concentration of chemical compounds. Among all the treatments, AB+L @ 10.0 per cent concentration caused maximum per cent immobility of second stage larvae. Under glass house condition, among three compounds tested which exhibited nematicidal effect on nematode population and galls clearly revealed that the AB+L were found most effective at 3.0g /kg of infected soil followed by its lower concentration of 2.25g/kg of infected soil. AB at 1.0g/kg of infected soil and lime at 2.0 g/kg soil of concentration perform better than control. With respect to chemical properties i.e. soil pH, organic carbon and available nitrogen on nematode suppression, AB+L increased the soil pH, organic carbon and available nitrogen suppressing the nematode population followed by AB which increases both nitrogen and organic carbon and lime which increased only pH. However, all the compounds at all the concentrations suppressed the nematode population and increase the plant growth as compared to check. Thus, it can be said that Ammonium bicarbonate and Lime (AB+L) has the potential of a nematicide.