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Govind Ballabh Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar
After independence, development of the rural sector was considered the primary concern of the Government of India. In 1949, with the appointment of the Radhakrishnan University Education Commission, imparting of agricultural education through the setting up of rural universities became the focal point. Later, in 1954 an Indo-American team led by Dr. K.R. Damle, the Vice-President of ICAR, was constituted that arrived at the idea of establishing a Rural University on the land-grant pattern of USA. As a consequence a contract between the Government of India, the Technical Cooperation Mission and some land-grant universities of USA, was signed to promote agricultural education in the country. The US universities included the universities of Tennessee, the Ohio State University, the Kansas State University, The University of Illinois, the Pennsylvania State University and the University of Missouri. The task of assisting Uttar Pradesh in establishing an agricultural university was assigned to the University of Illinois which signed a contract in 1959 to establish an agricultural University in the State. Dean, H.W. Hannah, of the University of Illinois prepared a blueprint for a Rural University to be set up at the Tarai State Farm in the district Nainital, UP. In the initial stage the University of Illinois also offered the services of its scientists and teachers. Thus, in 1960, the first agricultural university of India, UP Agricultural University, came into being by an Act of legislation, UP Act XI-V of 1958. The Act was later amended under UP Universities Re-enactment and Amendment Act 1972 and the University was rechristened as Govind Ballabh Pant University of Agriculture and Technology keeping in view the contributions of Pt. Govind Ballabh Pant, the then Chief Minister of UP. The University was dedicated to the Nation by the first Prime Minister of India Pt Jawaharlal Nehru on 17 November 1960.
The G.B. Pant University is a symbol of successful partnership between India and the United States. The establishment of this university brought about a revolution in agricultural education, research and extension. It paved the way for setting up of 31 other agricultural universities in the country.
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ThesisItem Open Access Physiological aspects of weed management and crop growth in rice under long term herbicide trial in rice-wheat cropping system(G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand), 2011-08) Pawanika; Guru, S.K.The present study was conducted in the Norman E Borlaug Crop Research Centre and the Department of Plant Physiology, G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar, Uttarakhand, with an objective to evaluate the physiological basis of weed management and growth physiology of rice crop under long-term herbicide trials in rice-wheat cropping system. The field experiments were conducted during rainy season of 2009 and 2010. The experiment was laid out in a split plot design with three replications with weed control methods in rice as main plots and weed control methods in previous crop wheat as subplot treatments. The treatments consisted of Weedy, Hand weeding, and the herbicides butachlor and anilofos applied at recommended doses and in previous crop wheat Weedy, Handweeding, Isoproturon, Isoproturon+tank mix 1% urea, Isoproturon+ tank mix .1% surfactant. Morpho-Physiological growth parameters as well as biochemical parameters and total dry matter production by rice were measured at different growth stages. Effect of weed management practices on weed seed bank and soil micro flora were also assessed. Both the herbicide treatments and hand weeding were found to be effective in controlling weeds over the unweeded control. Both butachlor and anilofos showed similar results in relation to suppression of weed density. It was found that, the first thirty to sixty days are critical during which weeds must be controlled to prevent yield losses. Among all the weed species, Leptochloa chinensis reported as a problematic weed. At all the growth stages, Physiological growth parameters were higher in hand weeding as compared to unweeded control. Both the herbicide treatments and hand weeding recorded significantly higher chlorophyll content and photosynthetic rate over the unweeded control but chlorophyll fluorescence was similar in all the treatments. There was non-significant difference among the weed management practices on fungal population but the bacterial population in soil was higher in the herbicide (butachlor and anilofos) treated plots as compared to hand weeding and weedy plots. Weed seed bank was affected by the weed management strategies adopted in the cropping system. Results of weed seed bank study showed that, total number of weed seeds were higher in hand weeding in combination with Iso. (0.75 kg/ha) + Surfactant (0.1%) during 2009 while in the year 2010, treatment combination weedy check in rice and hand weeding or Iso. (1 kg/ha) in wheat recorded highest weed seeds.ThesisItem Open Access Effect of integrated nutrient management in pigeon-pea based intercropping system on soil properties, growth and yield of pigeon-pea, black-gram, maize on mollisols of the tarai region(G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand), 2010-01) Singh, Ashutosh; Mishra, H.S.A field experiment were conducted during kharif season of 2007 and 2008 at N. E. Borlaug Crop Research Centre, G. B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar, Uttarakhand to study the effect of integrated nutrient management in pigeon-pea based intercropping system on soil properties, growth and yield of pigeon-pea, black-gram, maize on Mollisols of the Tarai region. Treatments comprised 3 cropping system (sole pigeon-pea, pigeon-pea + black-gram and pigeon-pea + maize), 2 inoculation (PSB-inoculation and uninoculation) and 3 levels of FYM (0, 2.5 and 5.0 t ha-1). Eighteen treatment combinations were replicated three times in a factorial randomized block design. The soil was sandy loam in texture, medium in organic carbon (0.81%), low in available N (199.8 kg ha-1), and medium in available P (17.2 kg ha-1) and available K (219.7 kg ha-1) contents with pH 7.2. The crop pigeon-pea ‘UPAS-120’, black-gram ‘PantUrd-40’ and maize ‘Surya’ was sown on 2nd and 16th July during 2007 and 2008, respectively. A basal dose of 20 kg N, 40 kg P2O5 and 30 kg K2O ha-1 for pigeon-pea and black-gram and for maize 60 kg N, 60 kg P2O5 and 40 kg K2O ha-1 was furrow placed at the time of sowing and half dose (60 kg N) for maize was applied 30 and 50 days after sowing. Seed of pigeon-pea and blackgram were inoculated with PSB (Bacillus polymyxa) @ 20 g culture kg-1 seed before sowing. Intercrop was harvested 110 and 105 DAS (black-gram) and 94 and 83 DAS (maize) during 2007 and 2008, respectively. The pigeon-pea crop was harvested on 29th December in 2007 and 30th December in 2008. Most of the growth parameters viz. plant height, branches, dry matter production, nodules number and their weight, yield attributes and yield of pigeon-pea were significantly higher under pigeon-pea + black-gram cropping system. Similar results were also obtained with PSB-inoculation and FYM @ 5.0 t ha-1 for all crops. Pigeon-pea grain equivalent yield was reported significantly higher under pigeon-pea + black-gram cropping system followed by pigeon-pea + maize and sole pigeon-pea. Protein content and yield in pigeon-pea increased under pigeon-pea + black-gram cropping system. PSB-inoculation and 5.0 t FYM ha-1 were also increased the protein content and yield in pigeon-pea and black-gram. Nutrient concentration (N, P and K) in plant parts and its uptake by crop of pigeon-pea were maximum under pigeon-pea + black-gram cropping system followed by sole pigeon-pea and pigeon-pea + maize cropping system. PSB-inoculation and FYM application @ 5.0 t ha-1 increased the nutrient content (N, P and K) and its uptake by all the crops at all the growth stages. Pigeon-pea + black-gram cropping system, PSB-inoculation and FYM @ 5.0 t ha-1 significantly increased microbial population and dehydrogenase activity in soil after the harvest of pigeon-pea. There was no significant effect of the treatments on soil pH and EC. PSB-inoculation non-significant increased the organic carbon, available N and K in soil but significantly increased the available P in soil. However, available N, P and K content significantly increased by intercropping system, PSB-inoculation and FYM application while available K in soil did not significant increased by FYM application. Application of different treatments did not affect physical properties of soil significantly after harvest of pigeon-pea over control in both the years. Finally, pigeon-pea + black-gram cropping system supplied with PSB-inoculation and FYM @ 5.0 t ha-1 was found to be suitable in terms of both soil health and crops performance which Needs further investigation to be recommended to field level.ThesisItem Open Access Studies on feeding green berseem (Trifolium alexandrinum) on growth performance and carcass traits in pigs raised on kitchen waste based diet(G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand), 2010-08) Ravindra Kumar; Ashok KumarA study was conducted to evaluate the effect of different levels of green berseem, kitchen waste and concentrate feeding on growth and carcass traits in growing and finishing pigs. The experiment was conducted in two phases using 24 LWY piglets of about 3 to 3.5 months age. During phase I, the performance of growing piglets was studied for 2 months. The details of feeding regimens in different groups were as follow, group I: 10% green berseem + 90% concentrate only, Gr. II: 10% green berseem + 25% kitchen waste + 65% concentrate, Gr. III: 10% green berseem + 50% kitchen waste + 40% concentrate and group IV: 10% green berseem + 75% kitchen waste + 15% concentrate. During phase II, the performance of finisher pigs was studied for 2 months. Pigs were divided again into 4 groups. Distributions of feed in different such groups have been presented as follow, group I: 10% green berseem + 50% kitchen waste + 40% concentrate, Gr. II: 15% green berseem + 50% kitchen waste + 35% concentrate, Gr. III: 20% green berseem + 50% kitchen waste + 30% concentrate and group IV: 25% green berseem + 50% kitchen waste + 25% concentrate. The ad libitum feeding would be done during both phases. During phase I, there was no significant difference between different treatment groups with respect to overall DM intake, body weight gain and FCR. However, better performance was observed for group IV. In conclusion, substitution of concentrate for different levels of kitchen waste along with 10% green berseem improves the DM intake, growth and FCR than that of the control diet. During phase II, significantly (p<0.01) highest overall DM intake and overall daily weight gain was observed for Gr. I and no significant difference were observed among Gr. II, III and IV. However, no significant differences were observed for overall body weight gain and FCR. In conclusion substitution of concentrate for different levels of green berseem along with 50% kitchen waste reduced the DM intake and growth but improved the FCR than that of the control diet. It also decreases the back fat thickness however, differences among groups were non-significant. No significant differences were observed for other carcass traits. Significantly (p<0.01) lowest cost of total feed intake and cost per kg live weight gain was observed for group IV followed by group III, II and I in both phases of experiment. In conclusion green berseem could be incorporated up to 25% and kitchen waste up to 75% of total dry matter intake to make the feed economical and without affecting the performance of the animal adversely.ThesisItem Open Access Variability in Sarocladium oryzae (Sawada) Gams and Hawksw. and management of sheath rot of rice(G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand), 2010-03) Sharma, Lalan; Sinha, A.P.ThesisItem Open Access In vitro propagation, chemical and molecular diversity evaluation of a medicinal herb Aconitum balfourii Stapf. from Himalayan Alpine(G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand), 2010-04) Pathak, Kavita; Gaur, A.K.ThesisItem Open Access Evaluation of diclosulam and haloxyfop for weed control in soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merrill](G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand), 2010-08) Nainwal, Rakesh Chandra; Saxena, S.C.A field experiment was conducted to evaluate the weed control treatments on growth, yield and quality of soybean during the ‘kharif’ 2008 and 2009, at N. E. Borlaug Crop Research Centre of G.B. Pant Univ. of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar (U.S. Nagar). Ten weed control treatments were tested in randomized block design with four replications, pendimethalin and diclosulam were sprayed on the day after sowing the crop as pre emergence application. Fluchloralin was incorporated into the soil before planting the crop. Haloxyfop was applied at 21 DAS as post emergence. Soybean variety PS 1347 was sown on July 10 and August 1 was harvested on November 12 and 14 during 2008 and 2009, respectively. Seed @ 75 kg seed ha-1 were sown in rows 45 cm apart. The experimental field was predominately infested with Echinochloa colona, Celosia argentia, Cyperus rotundas weed species which constituted a major part and remained dominant in weedy check plots throughout the crop growth. Diclosulam either alone at higher rate or supplemented with HW 20 DAS or combined with haloxyfop effectively controlled the both type of weeds (mono and dicot). However, haloxyfop applied as post emergence could only control the monocot weeds. The highest weed control efficiency and the lowest weed biomass were recorded in weed-free treatment followed by application of diclosulam 18g ha-1 supplemented with HW at 20 DAS. Application of diclosulam as pre-emergence also performed better over the standard check either applied pendimethalin as pre- or pre-plant incorporation of fluchloralin before the sowing of the seed. All the weed control treatments resulted in to higher physiological growth parameters viz. CGR, RGR, NAR, LAI and LAR as compared to weedy check. Weed free recorded the highest value of protein and oil content during both years. Different weed control treatments significantly affected the fatty acid composition of the soybean seed. Among the different herbicide, the highest seed yield was recorded with application of diclosulam supplemented with HW at 20 DAS and application of diclosulam followed by haloxyfop.ThesisItem Open Access Evaluation of diclosulam and haloxyfop for weed control in soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merrill](G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand), 2010-08) Nainwal, Rakesh Chandra; Saxena, S.C.A field experiment was conducted to evaluate the weed control treatments on growth, yield and quality of soybean during the ‘kharif’ 2008 and 2009, at N. E. Borlaug Crop Research Centre of G.B. Pant Univ. of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar (U.S. Nagar). Ten weed control treatments were tested in randomized block design with four replications, pendimethalin and diclosulam were sprayed on the day after sowing the crop as pre emergence application. Fluchloralin was incorporated into the soil before planting the crop. Haloxyfop was applied at 21 DAS as post emergence. Soybean variety PS 1347 was sown on July 10 and August 1 was harvested on November 12 and 14 during 2008 and 2009, respectively. Seed @ 75 kg seed ha-1 were sown in rows 45 cm apart. The experimental field was predominately infested with Echinochloa colona, Celosia argentia, Cyperus rotundas weed species which constituted a major part and remained dominant in weedy check plots throughout the crop growth. Diclosulam either alone at higher rate or supplemented with HW 20 DAS or combined with haloxyfop effectively controlled the both type of weeds (mono and dicot). However, haloxyfop applied as post emergence could only control the monocot weeds. The highest weed control efficiency and the lowest weed biomass were recorded in weed-free treatment followed by application of diclosulam 18g ha-1 supplemented with HW at 20 DAS. Application of diclosulam as pre-emergence also performed better over the standard check either applied pendimethalin as pre- or pre-plant incorporation of fluchloralin before the sowing of the seed. All the weed control treatments resulted in to higher physiological growth parameters viz. CGR, RGR, NAR, LAI and LAR as compared to weedy check. Weed free recorded the highest value of protein and oil content during both years. Different weed control treatments significantly affected the fatty acid composition of the soybean seed. Among the different herbicide, the highest seed yield was recorded with application of diclosulam supplemented with HW at 20 DAS and application of diclosulam followed by haloxyfop.ThesisItem Open Access Epidemiological, clinico-pathological and therapeutic studies of goitre in goats(G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand), 2010-08) Satyendra Kumar; Shukla, S.K.ThesisItem Open Access Evaluation of some medicinal plant extracts, novel molecules and conventional agrochemicals for their efficacy against Spodoptera litura (Fabricius)(G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand), 2010-07) Bhatnagar, Shiwani; Karnatak, A.K.Present investigation was undertaken to evaluate the medicinal plants, novel molecules and conventional agrochemicals against Spodoptera litura (Fab.) All the experiments were conducted in Laboratory of the Department of Entomology at room temperature. The culture of the test species were maintained in the lab. on castor leaves. In the antifeedancy experiment with eleven medicinal plant extracts viz., Jatropha curcas, Syzygium cumuni, Ocimum basilicum, Artemisia annua, Azadirachta indica, Melia azedarach, Murraya Koenigii , Vitex negundo , Terminalia arjuna Phyllanthus emblica and Putranjeev roxburghii at 5% concentration against 7d old larvae of S. litura, high feeding deterrent property was exhibited by Syzygium cumuni with feeding inhibition of 70.83% followed by Azadiracta indica (51.38%) and Melia azedaraca (43.27%). In case of larval mortality (2DAF) the extracts of Azadirachta indica at both the concentrations (5% and 10%) caused 6.67% and 46.67% mortality and proved to be the most toxic among all the medicinal plants species tested. At 5% concentration of Azadirachta indica and Melia azedarach only 46.67% and 56.67% pupation was observed. Adult emergence percent was significantly reduced by all the plant extracts at both (5% and 10%) concentrations. In the present investigation the sensitivity of synthetic pyrethoids, neonicotinoids, organophosphates and novel molecules was studied against 7 days old larvae of S. litura. Among organophosphates chlorpyriphos was found to be 0.998 to 2 times more toxic than endosulfan between 24-72 h. The LC50 values of quinalphos, dichlorvas, chlorpyriphos, profenophos, triazophos and endosulfan at 24h were 0.111, 0.121, 0.0963, 0.156, 0.158 and 0.0962 % respectively. Among all the tested synthetic pyrethroids and neonicotinoids, lamdacyhalothrin was the most toxic with LC50 0.026%, followed by bifenthrin (0.028%), thiamethoxam (0.266%) and imidacloprid (0.327) at 24 h. Among the novel molecules indoxacarb was found to be the most toxic with LC50 value of 0.0019% followed by flubendamide (0.011%), spinosad (0.0264%), fipronil (0.079%) and cartap hydrochloride (0.126%) at 24 h. In another experiment different concentrations of fungicides, plant growth regulators and formulations of Bacillus thuringiensis were tested against S.litura by artificial diet incorporation method. Newly emerged larvae of S. litura were released on these test diets. Among fungicides Dithane M-45 caused complete larval mortality within 5 days and 7 days of feeding at higher concentration of 1.0 and 0.5 percent respectively while Bayletan showed no adverse effect on S.litura. A marked increase in larval period was recorded in all four fungicides. A gradual decrease in growth and success indicies was noticed with the increase in levels of these fungicides in the diet. In case of plant growth regulators gradual reduction in larval survival was recorded with increase in the levels of Miraculan and Gibberellic acid in the diet. Growth and success indices showed the similar trend. However lihocin failed to show any adverse effect on the growth and development of S.litura. Different levels of two B.thuringiensis formulations (Dipel and Halt) were also investigated using diet incorporation method. Complete larval mortality occurred within two days where larvae were reared on diets containing 500ppm of halt whereas in case of dipel complete larval mortality was recorded at 500ppm and 250ppm after 12 and 15 days respectively. A prolonged larval period was observed in diets fortified with B.thuringiensis formulation but no adverse effect on pupal period was recorded. Growth and development of this insect was suppressed by both the formulations.