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Govind Ballabh Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar
After independence, development of the rural sector was considered the primary concern of the Government of India. In 1949, with the appointment of the Radhakrishnan University Education Commission, imparting of agricultural education through the setting up of rural universities became the focal point. Later, in 1954 an Indo-American team led by Dr. K.R. Damle, the Vice-President of ICAR, was constituted that arrived at the idea of establishing a Rural University on the land-grant pattern of USA. As a consequence a contract between the Government of India, the Technical Cooperation Mission and some land-grant universities of USA, was signed to promote agricultural education in the country. The US universities included the universities of Tennessee, the Ohio State University, the Kansas State University, The University of Illinois, the Pennsylvania State University and the University of Missouri. The task of assisting Uttar Pradesh in establishing an agricultural university was assigned to the University of Illinois which signed a contract in 1959 to establish an agricultural University in the State. Dean, H.W. Hannah, of the University of Illinois prepared a blueprint for a Rural University to be set up at the Tarai State Farm in the district Nainital, UP. In the initial stage the University of Illinois also offered the services of its scientists and teachers. Thus, in 1960, the first agricultural university of India, UP Agricultural University, came into being by an Act of legislation, UP Act XI-V of 1958. The Act was later amended under UP Universities Re-enactment and Amendment Act 1972 and the University was rechristened as Govind Ballabh Pant University of Agriculture and Technology keeping in view the contributions of Pt. Govind Ballabh Pant, the then Chief Minister of UP. The University was dedicated to the Nation by the first Prime Minister of India Pt Jawaharlal Nehru on 17 November 1960.
The G.B. Pant University is a symbol of successful partnership between India and the United States. The establishment of this university brought about a revolution in agricultural education, research and extension. It paved the way for setting up of 31 other agricultural universities in the country.
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ThesisItem Open Access Identification of new sources of resistance and evaluation of some IPM modules against major insect pests of rice(G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand), 2008-01) Hitendra Kumar; Tiwari, S.N.New sources of resistance were identified in rice against brown plant hopper in 865 entries of AICRIP, 2005 and 2006, in 205 entries of IRRI and 24 rice varieties in glasshouse screening tests. Entries NDR 3110, PTB 33 and CR 2069-16-1 were found immune against BPH, while KAUM MO 8 20 KR, CRAc 34997, KRH 2, HKR 01-44, IR 1218-598-1-281-1, R 1243-1224-578-1, IR 71033-62-15, REMYA (MO. 10), IR 55548-5, IR 57257-34-1-2-1, IR 59547-247-2-1, IR 59552-63-3-2-3 and one rice variety Manhar were rated as highly resistant. Under field evaluation test against BPH all the entries of different AICRIP and IRRI trials were found highly resistant, resistant and moderately resistant due to low BPH incidence during both kharif 2005 and 2006, except cv Manhar, which was found moderately susceptible In field screening of different entries of AICRIP and IRRI against yellow stem borer, immune reaction was exhibited by 31 entries at vegetative stage and by 76 entries at reproductive stage. Under glasshouse conditions 17 entries of IRSBN-05 exhibited immune reaction against yellow stem borer. All the entries tested for resistance to leaf folder under field condition were found with less per cent leaf damage due to low incidence of leaf folder during both kharif 2005 and 2006. Growth and development of brown plant hopper nymphs and honey dew excretion by brown plant hopper adults was significantly low on different highly resistant, resistant and moderately resistant entries as compared to susceptible TN 1. Longevity of both male and female adults of BPH on highly resistant, resistant and moderately resistant entries was significantly high than TN 1. F1 progenies of all the seven crosses of rice entries were at par in their resistance reaction against BPH with their resistant female parents under glass house conditions, while F1 progenies of REMYA (MO. 10) × Pusa Basmati 1 and IR 59552-63-2-3 × Pusa Basmati 1 were superior over other progenies in their resistance to brown plant hopper. Among different IPM modules evaluated at farmers field for the management of yellow stem borer, module IV devoid of any control measure due to low pest pressure gave high benefit cost ratio as compared to other modules during both kharif 2005 and 2006. Only Telenomus sp. was found to parasitize the yellow stem borer eggs at all the three locations viz. Pantnagar, Kashipur and Pratppur during both kharif 2005 and 2006. Maximum activities of Telenomus sp. was recorded in second week of September, while minimum was in third week of September.ThesisItem Open Access Study of crop-weather relationship and its impact on growth and yield of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) in mollisol of Uttarakhand(G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand), 2008-07) Singh, Shweta; Suman KumarFor the present study, the experiments were conducted at the Crop Research Centre of G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar with the objectives for quantifying evapotranspiration losses and the effects of temperature and relative humidity on the canopy of chickpea under tarai conditions, and to select some suitable mathematical methods based on meteorological parameters for estimating ET from chickpea. Evapotranspiration of chickpea was measured with weighing type lysimeter. Data on pan evaporation measured with USWB class A pan evaporimeter and chickpea parameters for the corresponding period were collected from Meteorological observatory. Evapotranspiration from chickpea was also estimated by using mathematical methods of Thornthwaite, Turc, StephensStewar, Jensen-Haise, Blaney-Criddle and modified Penman. Higher growing degree days 1810.4 was observed during 2005-06. Air temperature profiles at different stages indicate that temperature inside the crop canopy was lower than above canopy. The yield per hectare was higher during 2005-06 in comparison to 2006-07 due to favourable weather condition in 2005-06. Evapotranspiration of chickpea during 2005-06 and 2006-07 are about 416.5 and 475.6 mm, respectively. The average total rainfall during 2005-06 and 2006-07 were 18.2 and 275 mm, respectively. Thus, supplementary irrigation was required during crop season due to low rainfall. As the pan evaporation did not give accurate estimate of ET, both on seasonal and as well as weekly basis. Thus, the pan evaporation does not seem to be good criterion for the estimation of ET. Modified Penman method was found to be most very suitable for estimation of ET in tarai region of Uttarakhand.ThesisItem Open Access Identification of new sources of resistance and evaluation of some IPM modules against major insect pests of rice(G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand), 2008-01) Hitendra Kumar; Tiwari, S.N.New sources of resistance were identified in rice against brown plant hopper in 865 entries of AICRIP, 2005 and 2006, in 205 entries of IRRI and 24 rice varieties in glasshouse screening tests. Entries NDR 3110, PTB 33 and CR 2069-16-1 were found immune against BPH, while KAUM MO 8 20 KR, CRAc 34997, KRH 2, HKR 01-44, IR 1218-598-1-281-1, R 1243-1224-578-1, IR 71033-62-15, REMYA (MO. 10), IR 55548-5, IR 57257-34-1-2-1, IR 59547-247-2-1, IR 59552-63-3-2-3 and one rice variety Manhar were rated as highly resistant. Under field evaluation test against BPH all the entries of different AICRIP and IRRI trials were found highly resistant, resistant and moderately resistant due to low BPH incidence during both kharif 2005 and 2006, except cv Manhar, which was found moderately susceptible. In field screening of different entries of AICRIP and IRRI against yellow stem borer, immune reaction was exhibited by 31 entries at vegetative stage and by 76 entries at reproductive stage. Under glasshouse conditions 17 entries of IRSBN-05 exhibited immune reaction against yellow stem borer. All the entries tested for resistance to leaf folder under field condition were found with less per cent leaf damage due to low incidence of leaf folder during both kharif 2005 and 2006. Growth and development of brown plant hopper nymphs and honey dew excretion by brown plant hopper adults was significantly low on different highly resistant, resistant and moderately resistant entries as compared to susceptible TN 1. Longevity of both male and female adults of BPH on highly resistant, resistant and moderately resistant entries was significantly high than TN 1. F1 progenies of all the seven crosses of rice entries were at par in their resistance reaction against BPH with their resistant female parents under glass house conditions, while F1 progenies of REMYA (MO. 10) × Pusa Basmati 1 and IR 59552-63-2-3 × Pusa Basmati 1 were superior over other progenies in their resistance to brown plant hopper. Among different IPM modules evaluated at farmer’s field for the management of yellow stem borer, module IV devoid of any control measure due to low pest pressure gave high benefit cost ratio as compared to other modules during both kharif 2005 and 2006. Only Telenomus sp. was found to parasitize the yellow stem borer eggs at all the three locations viz. Pantnagar, Kashipur and Pratppur during both kharif 2005 and 2006. A maximum activity of Telenomus sp. was recorded in second week of September, while minimum was in third week of September.ThesisItem Open Access Weed management in direct seeded unpuddled rice (Oryza sativa l.) under different sowing dates(G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand), 2008-01) Jitendra Kumar; Singh, DheerA field experiment entitled ´Weed management in direct seeded unpuddled rice (Oryza sativa L.) under different sowing datesµ was conducted during kharif season of 2006 and 2007 at Crop Research Centre of G. B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar district U.S. Nagar (Uttarakhand) to evaluate the efficacy of different herbicides viz. butachlor @ 1.5 kg ha-1 (PE), pendimethalin @ 1.5 kg ha-1 (PE), pendimethalin @ 1.0 kg ha-1 + anilophos @ 0.4 kg ha-1 (PE), thiobencarb @ 1.5 kg ha-1 (PE), pretilachlor @ 0.75 kg ha-1 (PE), fenoxaprop-p-ethyl @ 0.06 kg ha-1(15 DAS) followed by 2,4-D @ 0.5 kg ha-1 (30 DAS), anilophos @ 0.4 kg ha1 (10 DAS) and two hand weedings (20 and 40 DAS) under different sowing dates viz. 05 June, 20 June and 05 July and their effects on weeds, crop growth, yield and economics of rice. Weed free and weedy check were also included in the experiment. The field experiment was laid out in split-plot design with 3 replications. Rice variety ´Govindµ was sown in lines at 20 cm distance with recommended dose of fertilizer 120 kg N, 80 kg P2O5 and 60 kg K2O per hectare. Echinochloa colonum among grasses, Commelina benghalensis and Caesulia axillaris among non-grasses and Cyperus rotundus among sedges were the predominant weeds in experimental field. Uncontrolled weeds in weedy check plots caused on an average reduction in grain yield by 74.41 percent during 2006 and 67.43 percent during 2007 over weed free plots. The lowest weed population and dry weight were recorded in 05 July sown crop over rest of two sowing dates (05 June & 20 June). Highest yield attributes, grain yield (2488.5 kg ha-1 during 2006 and 2703.3 kg ha-1 during 2007) and nutrients uptake by crop plants was recorded in 20 June sown crop. Pre-emergence application of pendimethalin @ 1.0 kg ha-1 + anilophos @ 0.4 kg ha-1 and two hand weedings (20 and 40 DAS) produced highest grain yield during both the years. Pendimethalin @ 1.5 kg ha-1 and fenoxaprop-p-ethyl @ 0.06 kg ha-1 followed by 2,4-D @ 0.5 kg ha-1 also gave effective control of weeds and higher grain yield. Pendimethalin @ 1.0 kg ha-1 + anilophos @ 0.4 kg ha-1 applied one day after sowing found superior over all other herbicidal treatments in reducing population and dry matter of weeds and it lead to highest grain yield which ultimately fetched highest net return during both the years.ThesisItem Open Access Study of thermo-elastic properties of nanomaterials under high pressure and high temperature(G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand), 2008-05) Jeewan Chandra; Gupta, B.R.K.T he study based on the EOS at high-pressure and high temperature is of fundamental interest because they permit interpolation and extrapolation in to the regions in which the experimental data are not available adequately. The Present work describes the theoretical study of thermo-elastic properties especially compression, thermal expansion, bulk modulus, thermal expansion coefficient of some of the nanomaterials by making use of Equation of State. For different class of solids a lot of numbers of equation of states are available. Among the number of isothermal and isobaric EOS described earlier, we prefer isothermal Usual Tait’s Equation of State (UTE) and isobaric Singh and Gupta Integral form of Equation of State (IFEOS) because of their simple and straightforward applications in high pressure and high temperature physics. We have reported the results obtained for thermo physical properties of nanomaterials i.e. n-SnO2, n-CeO2, n-PbS, n-MgO, nCuO, n-AlN, n-ZnO, n-NiO, n-TiO2, n-Ni, n-Ti, n-(Ni+Fe), n-Mo, individual single wall carbon nanotube (SWCNT), under effect of high temperatures and high pressures. The variation of compression (V/V0), isothermal bulk modulus (KT) and relative isothermal expansion coefficient ǂ(P)/ǂ0) with pressure have plotted and shown in tables, for nanocrystalline n-SnO2 with three particle sizes 3nm, 8nm and 14nm, n-CeO2, nanocrystalline MgO ( 100nm and 200nm), n-CuO, n-PbS ( 2.6nm, 5.4nm and 8.8nm), n-Ni(20nm and 62nm), n-Mo and n-AlN n-TiO2( 35nm and 6nm) and nZnO using Usual Tait’s equation of state. We have also calculated temperature dependence of thermal expansivity (ǂT), relative volume thermal expansion (V/V0) and bulk modulus (KT) of nanomaterials { n-ZnO, n-TiO2 anatase, n-NiO, n-Ni, n(Ni+Fe), n-Ti, and SWCNT(armchair CNT (5, 5), and zig-zag CNT (9, 0); both in axial as well as radial directions)}using IFEOS at different temperature and atmospheric pressure. The Integral form of Equation of State( IFEOS) is entirely free from the use of potentials and need only three input parameters such as Anderson Gruneisen parameter( 0 TDž ), volume thermal expansion coefficient(ǂ0) at zero pressure, reference temperature, and the thermo-elastic parameter k which can be calculated from the slope of the graph between log(DžT) and log(T/T0). The calculated values are plotted with temperature and compared to available experimental data in order to compare the present results. All the results have been presented graphically. It may be noted here that the calculated values are in close agreement to the experimental data. Thus it is emphasized here that the Integral form of Equation of State (IFEOS) and Usual Taits Equation of State(UTE) successfully explains the thermo-elastic properties nanomaterials.ThesisItem Open Access Diseases spectrum and population dynamics of fluorescent pseudomonads and Trichoderma spp. during a conversion from conventional to organic farming system(G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand), 2008-01) Bipin Chandra; Basant RamIncreasing consciousness about conservation of environment as well as health hazards associated with agrochemicals and consumers• preference to safe and hazard free food are the major factors that lead to the growing interest in alternate forms of agriculture in the world. Organic agriculture is one among the broad spectrum of production methods that are supportive of the environment. Although it is by no means certain in which direction conventional farming systems will change, but organic farming practices will certainly change the cropping pattern, disease spectrum, use of synthetic fertilizers and pesticides and soil microflora. However these effects will need to be verified in comparative studies of different agriculture systems on conventional and alternative farms. Realization of this potential will depend upon a quantum increase in knowledge of microbial ecology particularly in rhizosphere. In the present investigations, on field comparative studies of organic farming, integrated farming and conventional farming treatments was conducted to assess the changes in disease spectrum in crops belonging to rice based cropping systems (rice, wheat, lentil, vegetable pea and mustard) under three farming systems and lab experiments were carried out in 2005-06 and 2006-07to observe population dynamics of soil antagonists especially Trichoderma spp. and Fluorescent pseudomonads under different farming and cropping systems regime. During both years sheath blight of rice, lentil rust, wheat rust and pea rust and in 2006-07 bacterial leaf blight of rice and pea powdery mildew were less severe in organic fields than in conventional fields despite fungicidal applications in the conventional fields. In 2005-06 leaf blight of rice and powdery mildew of pea were often similar in different farming trials but in subsequent year all farming treatments were significantly different. The only foliar disease that was more severe in organic fields during both consecutive years was brown spot in rice. Rhizosphere population of Fluorescent pseudomonads (fPs) and Trichoderma spp. had always been higher than from its counterpart non-rhizosphere in every crop used for study. Population of Fluorescent pseudomonads and Trichoderma spp. in nonrhizosphere were far low and fluctuated. During both consecutive years interaction between farming treatments and cropping systems was non-significant. Population dynamics of Fluorescent pseudomonads was far fluctuating in first year when evaluated in different farming treatments irrespective of cropping systems. Under integrated and organic treatments population of fPs was similar at early growth stage, but at 30 DAS and 60 DAS organic and integrated treatments supported higher population than conventional treatments. At 90DAS once again all three treatments exhibited no difference in population counts of fPs indicating inconsistence and unpredictable performance of farming treatments. In 2006-07 during the entire crop season at all the four growth stages of crop organic farming treatments exhibited maximum counts of fPs followed by integrated and conventional treatment. In rabi season of 2005-06 population counts of Fluorescent pseudomonads was maximum in rice-mustard cropping system at all the four growth stages, while in 2006-07 rice ²Vegetable pea cropping system supported maximum population of fPs. During both years, in rabi season at 15 DAS all the treatments were similar in terms of population counts of Trichoderma spp. and rhizosphere effect while at 30 DAS, 60 DAS and 90 DAS organic farming treatments supported maximum population counts of Trichoderma spp. and Rhizosphere effect. During both years in rabi season rice ²wheat cropping system supported maximum rhizosphere effect and population counts of Trichoderma spp. In rice crop of 2005-06 (Kharif season) all three farming treatments namely organic, integrated and conventional were similar regarding rhizosphere effect of Fluorescent pseudomonads. During both the Kharif seasons under study rice plots which were previously under vegetable pea supported maximum population of Fluorescent pseudomonads and also exhibited maximum rhizosphere effect irrespective of different farming systems. During both the rabi seasons wheat, lentil, vegetable pea and mustard were sown when followed by rice there was a gradual increase in rhizosphere population of fPs and Trichoderma spp. Under rice based cropping systems increasing trend was noticeable upto 60 DAS and thereafter a decline in population of fPs and Trichoderma spp. was observed. During both the Kharif seasons when rice is grown as a sole crop followed by wheat, lentil, vegetable pea and mustard, population of Trichoderma spp. studied showed gradual decline in population and rhizosphere effect.ThesisItem Open Access Influence of the third dimension on the electronic spectra and out-of-plane transport behaviour in bilayered high Tc cuprates in normal state(G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand), 2008-01) Tewari, Bhagya Sindhu; AjayThesisItem Open Access Analysis of time series and stock market behavior using wavelet methods(G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand), 2008-05) Anuj Kumar; Sharma, A.K.Post liberalization, the development of new techniques and ideas in econometrics have been rapidly growing over the last few years. These developments are now being applied to a wide variety of fields and in analyzing the stock market behavior. Specially the area of analysis of financial time series is catching the attention of big business houses as they are now contemplating on optimizing the business process in order to achieve best estimate of production planning over the long span of time and also to sustain the growth momentum. Economic and financial time series are nonstationary in nature and exhibits changing frequency patterns over the time. Wavelet analysis is one such tool for analyzing non-stationary data. Parameterization of wavelet families allows one to generate infinite number of wavelets for the different choices of selection for analyzing the financial time series. In present work, “Analysis of time series and stock market behavior using wavelet methods” we have proposed a simpler method to generate parametric families of orthogonal wavelet and used it to generate the ‘6-tap Daubechies wavelet filter’ in a straight forward manner. The wavelet based concepts have then been employed to study BSE and NSE indexes financial time series using index data from April 1990 to March 2006 by decomposing index based financial time series into time-scale components using the MODWT (Maximal Overlap Discrete Wavelet Transform) analysis. The most commonly used measure to analyze the stock market behavior is the wavelet correlation analysis, we have used it for the analysis of BSE and NSE indexes financial time series. The work embodied in this thesis serves as intuitive guide for analyzing the time series and can be of use for the predictions based on it by using the newly developed wavelet technique.ThesisItem Open Access Genetics of yield and quality characters in basmati rice (Oryza sativa L.)(G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand), 2008-06) Anil Kumar; Mani, S.C.Rice (Oryza sativa L.), the second most important crop after wheat, is staple food for nearly 60 per cent of world population and contributes over 20 per cent of total calorie intake of human population. More than 90 per cent of rice is grown in the developing countries of Asia, where the problem of food supplies are acute. Globally, it is cultivated in about 146 million hectares, which produce 520 million tonnes of rough rice annually. In India, rice is grown in an area of 44.0 million hectares with a production of about 91.05 million tonnes and a productivity of 3.1 tonnes per hectare. Genetic improvement in rice has contributed significantly to food security in Asia during the last three decades, but to meet the growing demand of ever-increasing population, it is necessary to produce new rice varieties combining higher yield potential with excellent quality. The present investigation was conducted during Kharif, 2004 to Kharif, 2006 at the Crop Research Centre of G.B.P.U.A.T., Pantnagar. The main objectives of this study were (1) To apply simple and joint scaling tests for the detection of non-allelic interaction (2) To study the simple additive ±dominance and digenic models for the estimation of genetic components of variation (3) To study the gene action for grain yield, its components and certain quality traits in basmati rice (4) To estimate the extent of heterosis and inbreeding depression. Genetic analysis to grain yield ,its components and certain quality traits were based on 7 intraspecfic crosses (UPRI 2003-13 × Taraori Basmati, UPR 2879-98-105 × Pusa 1121-92-8-1-3-3, UPR 2879-98-105 × Type 3, UPRI 2003-18 × UPRI 93-104, UPRI 2003-19 × UPR 2879-98-105, UPR 2879-98-105 × Taraori Basmat, and UPRI 2003-13 × Type 3) involving 8 parents( UPRI 2003-13, Taraori Basmati, UPR 2879-98-105, Pusa 1121-92-8-1-3-3, Type-3, UPRI 2003-18, UPRI 93-104, UPRI 2003-19)and their F1¶s, F2¶s and backcross progenies. Six generations (P1, P 2, F 1¶s, F2¶s, BC1P1¶s and BC1P2¶s) of same 7 crosses, mentioned above, were evaluated by generation mean analysis in a Compact Family Block Design in three replications. Observations were recoded on days to 50% of flowering, plant height, number of effective tillers per plant, number of grains per panicle, panicle length, 1000-grain weight, grain yield per plant, kernel length, kernel breadth, kernel L/B ratio, cooked kernel length, cooked kernel breadth, cooked kernel L/B ratio, kernel elongation ratio, alkali digestion value, gel consistency and amylose content . Additive (d) component was found to be important for day to 50% flowering, plant height, number of grains per panicle, panicle length, 1000- grain weight, gel consistency and amylose content. Dominance gene effect (h) played an important role in governing the inheritance of days to 50% flowering, plant height, number of effective tillers per plant number of grains per panicle, panicle length, 1000- grain weight, grain yield per plant, kernel length, kernel L/B ratio, cooked kernel L/B ratio, kernel elongation ratio, alkali digestion value, gel consistency and amylose content. Both additive and dominance effects contributed significantly in the expression of day to 50% flowering, plant height number of grains per panicle, panicle length and 1000- grain weight. Among the digenic interactions, additive x additive (i) was found most important for days to 50% of flowering, plant height, number of effective tillers per plant number of grains per panicle, panicle length , grain yield per plant, kernel length and kernel L/B ratio, kernel elongation ratio, alkali digestion value, gel consistency and amylose content The dominance x dominance component (l) was relatively more important for days to 50% of flowering, plant height, number of effective tillers per plant number of grains per panicle, kernel length, kernel L/B ratio, cooked kernel length, cooked kernel breadth, kernel elongation ratio, alkali digestion value, and gel consistency , whereas additive x dominance (j) gene effect played important role in the expression of days to 50% of flowering, plant height, number of effective tillers per plant, number of grains per panicle, panicle length, 1000- grain weight, grain yield per plant, kernel elongation ratio, alkali digestion value, and gel consistency. Duplicate epistasis was observed in almost all the crosses for various quantitative and qualitative characters. Most of the crosses exhibited maximum heterosis for grain yield, 1000-grain weight; numbers of grains/panicle, panicle length, number of effective tillers/plant and plant height.