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Govind Ballabh Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar

After independence, development of the rural sector was considered the primary concern of the Government of India. In 1949, with the appointment of the Radhakrishnan University Education Commission, imparting of agricultural education through the setting up of rural universities became the focal point. Later, in 1954 an Indo-American team led by Dr. K.R. Damle, the Vice-President of ICAR, was constituted that arrived at the idea of establishing a Rural University on the land-grant pattern of USA. As a consequence a contract between the Government of India, the Technical Cooperation Mission and some land-grant universities of USA, was signed to promote agricultural education in the country. The US universities included the universities of Tennessee, the Ohio State University, the Kansas State University, The University of Illinois, the Pennsylvania State University and the University of Missouri. The task of assisting Uttar Pradesh in establishing an agricultural university was assigned to the University of Illinois which signed a contract in 1959 to establish an agricultural University in the State. Dean, H.W. Hannah, of the University of Illinois prepared a blueprint for a Rural University to be set up at the Tarai State Farm in the district Nainital, UP. In the initial stage the University of Illinois also offered the services of its scientists and teachers. Thus, in 1960, the first agricultural university of India, UP Agricultural University, came into being by an Act of legislation, UP Act XI-V of 1958. The Act was later amended under UP Universities Re-enactment and Amendment Act 1972 and the University was rechristened as Govind Ballabh Pant University of Agriculture and Technology keeping in view the contributions of Pt. Govind Ballabh Pant, the then Chief Minister of UP. The University was dedicated to the Nation by the first Prime Minister of India Pt Jawaharlal Nehru on 17 November 1960. The G.B. Pant University is a symbol of successful partnership between India and the United States. The establishment of this university brought about a revolution in agricultural education, research and extension. It paved the way for setting up of 31 other agricultural universities in the country.

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Subject: Veterinary Microbiology × Author: Shukla, Namita × End date: 2022 × Start date: 2020 ×
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Studies on virulence gene profiling, serotyping and epidemiology of shigatoxigenic and enteropathogenic e. coli isolated from captive and free ranging wild mammals and birds
    (G. B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar, 2022-08) Shukla, Namita; Rajesh Kumar
    India has great wildlife biodiversity and is home to myriad wildlife fauna. Wildlife plays important role in of the planet ecosystem however, it often represents an important risk in emerging zoonosis, scant information is available about the occurrence of zoonotic pathogens in wildlife worldwide. Shigatoxigenic and Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli are two important classes of zoonotic enteric pathogens. Epidemiology of STEC and EPEC is largely unknown in most of the developing countries including India. Recent, studies in have underlined the importance of wildlife surveillance, as large number of emerging zoonotic pathogens are found to be of wildlife origin. Thus, wild animal should thoroughly be monitored, as they can potentially cause a spillover or spillback to human and other domestic animals. In present study, 770 fecal sample were obtained from 598 wild and 172 domestic animal during January 2021 to March 2022 from zoological gardens situated in three different geographical locations of the India and adjoining village near Accanakmar sanctuary Bilaspur Chhattisgarh respectively. Total 515 (86.12%) isolates were identified as E. coli from wild animals subjected to molecular screening for stx1, stx2, eaeA, and ehlyA genes by multiplex PCR. Total 75 (14.56%) isolates were successfully pathotyped and among these isolates STEC/AE-STEC and EPEC virulence genes were detected in 42 (8.73%) and 33(6.40%)E. coli isolates respectively. All 33EPEC isolates were found to be atypical EPEC carrying only the eaeA gene. All 75 STEC / EPEC isolates were serogrouped in29 different serotype, 3 isolates were untypeable (UT), and 1 isolate was found to be rough strain. Serogroup O157 AE-STEC was detected in two isolates from wild animals, one was isolated from red deer and other from peacock. Present study attempts to investigate transmission of STEC and EPEC among domestic animal, poultry and free- ranging wild animal in shared agroecosystem. One AE-STEC O157 isolates each was isolated from peacock, poultry and goat. Which showed similar virulence profile All 75 isolates(STEC and EPEC) were subjected to invitro antibiotic sensitivity assay against 14 commonly used antibiotics (CLSI 2008), which are showing varying resistance to tetracycline Norfloxacin cefuroxime, Gentamicin, Chloramphenicol, Co-Trimoxazole, Ampicillin and Azithromycin, however, no resistance was observed for cephalothin, ciprofloxacin, ceftriaxone, Ticarcillin+ clavulanic acid and Piperacillin + tazobactam, Amikacin. SETC/EPEC isolates (12) from free-ranging wild animals were susceptible to all 14 of antibiotics tested.AE-STEC, STEC and EPEC isolates differed in their ability to form biofilm according to the temperature, time of incubation and surface used and are classified as no biofilm, weak, moderate, or strong biofilm producers. The biofilm formation was more at 37°C than 20°C during initial 24 hrs. incubation and decreased with increasing incubation time at 37°C, as majority of isolates developed highest biofilm mass at 24 hrs., post inoculation. All the AE-STEC, STEC and EPEC isolates were capable to form biofilm. Our findings emphasize the role of wild animals as reservoir of potentially pathogenic STEC and EPEC.