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Govind Ballabh Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar
After independence, development of the rural sector was considered the primary concern of the Government of India. In 1949, with the appointment of the Radhakrishnan University Education Commission, imparting of agricultural education through the setting up of rural universities became the focal point. Later, in 1954 an Indo-American team led by Dr. K.R. Damle, the Vice-President of ICAR, was constituted that arrived at the idea of establishing a Rural University on the land-grant pattern of USA. As a consequence a contract between the Government of India, the Technical Cooperation Mission and some land-grant universities of USA, was signed to promote agricultural education in the country. The US universities included the universities of Tennessee, the Ohio State University, the Kansas State University, The University of Illinois, the Pennsylvania State University and the University of Missouri. The task of assisting Uttar Pradesh in establishing an agricultural university was assigned to the University of Illinois which signed a contract in 1959 to establish an agricultural University in the State. Dean, H.W. Hannah, of the University of Illinois prepared a blueprint for a Rural University to be set up at the Tarai State Farm in the district Nainital, UP. In the initial stage the University of Illinois also offered the services of its scientists and teachers. Thus, in 1960, the first agricultural university of India, UP Agricultural University, came into being by an Act of legislation, UP Act XI-V of 1958. The Act was later amended under UP Universities Re-enactment and Amendment Act 1972 and the University was rechristened as Govind Ballabh Pant University of Agriculture and Technology keeping in view the contributions of Pt. Govind Ballabh Pant, the then Chief Minister of UP. The University was dedicated to the Nation by the first Prime Minister of India Pt Jawaharlal Nehru on 17 November 1960.
The G.B. Pant University is a symbol of successful partnership between India and the United States. The establishment of this university brought about a revolution in agricultural education, research and extension. It paved the way for setting up of 31 other agricultural universities in the country.
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ThesisItem Open Access CLINICO-DIAGNOSTIC EVALUATION AND THERAPEUTIC MANAGEMENT OF CANINE OTITIS AND ITS EPIDEMIOLOGICAL STUDY IN UTTARAKHAND(G. B. Pant University of Agriculture & Technology, Pantnagar-263145, 2023-06) Uniyal, Vartika; Prasad, AmitThe present research work “Clinico-diagnostic evaluation and therapeutic management of canine otitis and its epidemiological study in Uttarkhand” was carried out in the Department of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Dr. I. P. Singh Veterinary Clinical Complex and Trauma Centre, C.V.A.Sc., G. B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar, Udham Singh Nagar, Uttarakhand between September 2022 and June 2023 for a period of 10 months. In addition, an epidemiological study of otitis in Tarai-Bhabar region of Uttarakhand was performed between June, 2022 and May, 2023 for a period of one year. The prevalence study comprised 20824 cases of the total canine affections out of which 1283 animals (6.16%) had otitis. The prevalence of otitis was found to be highest in German Shepherds (26.96%). Males were more affected as compared to the females. Majority of cases were seen in the age group 3-5 years (35.15%) and in summer season (43.58%). Among the clinical cases of otitis (n=273) presented to Pantnagar almost all animals has aural pruritis and pain. Most of the dogs presented had acute onset, unilateral infection and erect ears. In the 18 cases selected for otoscopic examination tympanic membrane was visible in all ears, with debris and erythema in some. All the cases were mild in nature according to OTIS 3 score. Cytological and microbiological examination of otic exudate revealed majority of microbiota consisting of coagulase positive Staphylococcus species, Pseudomonas species and Malessezia species. In vitro antibiotic sensitivity test revealed most of the isolates to be sensitive to gentamicin followed by ceftriaxone and most of them to be resistant to streptomycin. From the comparative management of canine otitis externa, it was established that, the group treated with topical gentamicin and clotrimazole showed remarkable recovery in terms of improvement of OTIS 3 scores within 7 days of treatment in mixed infection of canine otitis externa.ThesisItem Open Access Epidemiological, clinico-haematobiochemical and therapeutic studies on tick infestation in goats of Kumaon region of Uttarakhand(G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar, District Udham Singh Nagar, Uttarakhand. PIN - 263145, 2022-07) Tamta, Pooja; Bhatt, PrakashThe present study was aimed to undertake epidemiological, clinico-hematobiochemical and therapeutic studies on tick infestation in goats of Kumaon region of Uttarakhand. The study was broadly undertaken into two heads viz. epidemiological and therapeutic studies. For epidemiological studies, goats of all six districts of Kumaon division of Uttarakhnd were screened for tick infestation. The goats were screened irrespective of age, breed and sex. It was observed that out of 1800 goats 897 (49.83%) goats were positive for tick infestation. The maximum tick infestation was reported from Udham Singh Nagar district 243 (81%) and minimum from Champawat district 103 (34.33%) with highest infestation in age group of 6 months to 3 years 318 (61.98%) and least above 3 years of age 144 (36.45%). Month wise prevalence showed a highest prevalence in March 253 (62%) and lowest in January 129 (37.06%). Maximum tick infestation was reported in non–descript 637 (55.29%) and minimum in Sirohi breed 167 (38.47%). It was observed that female 636 (50.43%) were affected more in comparison to male 261 (48.42%). For therapeutic study 24 goats were selected out of screened goats. These were then divided into 4 groups (A,B,C and D) of 6 goats each. Group A animals were tick free goats. Whereas, B,C and D group were having tick infested goats. Group A goats were kept as healthy control (tick free goats) and received no treatment throughout the study period. Group B goats were tick infested and received Artemisia vulgaris leaves extracts, group C goats received Allium sativum bulb extracts and group D goats were treated with cypermethrin spray. Blood samples for hemato-biochemical assay were collected on day 0,7,14 and 21 of treatment in therapeuic groups. Blood collection was done on day 0 in control group. Recording of anti-tick activity of all the therapeutic groups were also undertaken at regular interval. Results of study revealed that values of Hb(hemoglobin), PCV(packed cell volume) and TEC (total erythrocyte count) in tick infested goats were significantly lower when compared to healthy control group. Infested goats showed leucocytosis along with eosinophilia with no significant difference in neutrophils, basophils and monocyte count. Biochemical profile showed significantly lower values of glucose, total protein and albumin in tick infested goats while no significant difference was reported in albumin value and A:G ratio when compared to the healthy control group. Based on results of the study it was concluded that Artemisia vulgaris is having anti-tick activity followed by Allium sativum. However, their therapeutic efficacy was less as compared to cypermethrin spray.ThesisItem Open Access Studies on prevalence, clinico-pathological, diagnostic and therapeutic-managemental aspects of canine rickets(G. B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar, 2022-07) Singh, Deeksha; Singh, J.L.The present research work “Studies on prevalence, clinico-pathological, diagnostic and therapeutic-managemental aspects of canine rickets” was carried out in the Department of Veterinary Medicine and Dr. I.P. Singh Teaching Veterinary Clinical Complex and Trauma Centre, C.V.A.Sc., GBPUAT, Pantnagar from November 2021 to June 2022. In addition, a prevalence study of Canine Rickets was carried out by conducting the retrospective study and routine screening of young dogs suffering from skeletal/locomotory problems at various private and Government Veterinary polyclinics and hospitals of nearby areas and adjoining areas of Uttar Pradesh. The prevalence study comprised 45000 cases of the total canine population, out of which 404 (0.89%) were determined to be positive for Rickets. Overall prevalence of rickets was found highest in Dehradun (0.26%), followed by Moradabad (0.18%), Haldwani (0.2%), Rudrapur (0.16%), Bareilly (0.057%) and Pantnagar (0.02%). Out of the 24 cases of rickets screened for study, males (70%) were more affected as compared to the females (30%). The prevalence of rickets was highest in the 3-6 months age group (66.66%), followed by 0-3 months age group (25%), 6-9 months(8.33%). The breed wise prevalence of rickets in breeds like GSD, Labrador, Non-descript, Spitz and others was 29.16%, 25%, 16.6%, 12.5%, 16.66%, respectively. Most of the cases were presented with clinical signs like pain in limbs, lameness, bowed limbs, enlarged distal metaphysis, paw deviation, difficulty in walking with varying severity. Radiographic findings include varying degrees of cortical thinning, broadening of distal metaphysis, widening of medullary cavity and increased physeal thickness. There was significant decrease in levels of hemoglobin, PCV, calcium and Vitamin D in rickets affected dogs as compared with healthy control group. On the other hand, the levels of ALP, phosphorus and BUN in rachitic dogs increased significantly as compared to healthy control group. Other parameters like TEC, TLC, DLC, total protein, globulin, creatinine does not show significant variation between healthy group and affected groups. The 24 cases of rickets screened for study were divided in to 4 groups and treated with different therapeutic regimen. Group A was treated with injectable Vitamin D3; Group B was treated with oral calcium; Group C was treated with a combination of calcium, phosphorus and cod liver oil; Group D was treated with oral calcium and phosphorus along with injectable Vitamin D. The clinical and hemato-biochemical examination was done at day 0, day 30 and day 60 to evaluate improvement among all the affected animals. Combination of oral calcium, phosphorus and injectable Vitamin D showed best results and is recommended for the treatment of canine rickets followed by combination of calcium, phosphorus and cod liver oil, injectable Vitamin D and Calcium with percent recovery of 83.33%, 83.33 %, 66.66%, 50% respectively.ThesisItem Open Access Clinico-pathological and therapeutic management of canine hepatic dysfunction(G. B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar, 2022-07) Verma, Prashant; Arora, NiddhiThe present study was undertaken to study clinico-pathological and therapeutic evaluation of canine hepatic dysfunction. In addition, prevalence of canine hepatic dysfunction was studied in and around Pantnagar by screening clinical cases of dogs presented at Dr. I. P. Singh Veterinary Clinical Complex and Trauma Centre, Pantnagar. The overall prevalence of hepatic dysfunction in dogs was found to be 3.36% among total number of dogs presented in this study and the prevalence was 6.62% among dogs with gastrointestinal and nervous disorder. The mean age in dogs diagnosed with hepatic dysfunction was 5.12±0.96 years. In terms of age maximum incidence was seen in dogs with age between 4 - 6-year and Mongrel breed of dogs had maximum incidences of hepatic dysfunction. The dogs which were diagnosed with hepatic dysfunction were showing a variety of clinical signs such as fever, anorexia, vomition, emaciation, polydipsia, polyuria, dullness, oedema of hind limbs, diarrhoea, respiratory distress, hepatodynia, haemorrhages, icterus, corneal opacity, unkempt hair coat and nervous signs. Eighteen dogs were selected randomly irrespective of their age, sex, breed and were divided into 3 groups with 6 animals in each group namely Group B. Group C, Group D and were subjected to different therapeutic protocol i.e. urosdeoxycholic acid + L-Ornithine L-Aspartate, urosdeoxycholic acid + silymarin and urosdeoxycholic acid without any combination respectively in each group, changes in their vital parameter, hematobiochemical profile was noticed and were compared to 6 dogs in healthy Group A at different interval of time. Changes in vital parameters included significant increase in respiration rate, pulse rate and heart rate as compared to healthy group A while temperature in different treatment group increased nonsignificantly. Findings of haematological examination revealed significant decrease in Hb, PCV, TEC, platelets, lymphocytes whereas there was significant increase in neutrophils in different treatment group as compared to healthy group A. There was significant increase in clotting time in dogs affected with hepatic dysfunction. Findings of biochemical parameter revealed significant increase in total bilirubin ALT, AST, GGT, ALP whereas there was significant decrease in total protein, albumin, A:G ratio, blood glucose in different treatment group as compared to healthy group A. Analysis of urine sample on day of presentation revealed urine with low specific gravity, acidic pH and yellow to dark yellow colour along with presence of urobilinogen and bilirubin in majority of the cases. Radiography and ultrasonography and were found useful in diagnosis of canine hepatic dysfunction. Ultrasonography had additional advantage over radiography with evaluation of echogenicity, echotexture, size, shape and margins of liver. From the comparative therapeutic study, it was established that combination of urosdeoxycholic acid + L-Ornithine L-Aspartate had better improvements in dogs with hepatic dysfunction followed by combination of urosdeoxycholic acid + silymarin and urosdeoxycholic acid without any combination. Regular monitoring with proper therapeutics in dogs affected with hepatic dysfunction can contribute towards good prognosis.ThesisItem Open Access Clinico-diagnostic findings of canine parvovirus infection and its therapeutic management with special reference to faecal microbiota transplantation(G. B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar, 2022-07) Kalita, Jyoti Chanda; Amit, PrasadThe present research work “clinico-diagnostic findings of canine parvovirus infection and its therapeutic management with special reference to faecal microbiota transplantation” was carried out in the Department of Veterinary Medicine and Dr. I. P. Singh Veterinary Clinical Complex and Trauma Centre, C.V.A.Sc., G. B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar, Udham Singh Nagar, Uttarakhand between October 2021 and March 2022 for a period of 6 months. In addition, an epidemiological study of Canine Parvovirus in and around Pantnagar was performed between June, 2021 and June, 2022 for a period of one year. The prevalence study comprised 2068 cases of the total canine population out of which 627 animals (30.32%) had clinical indication of gastroenteritis. On the basis of screening by Rapid Antigen Test and confirmation by conventional PCR, 258/627 (41.15%) cases were found to be positive for Canine Parvovirus. The breed wise prevalence of Canine Parvovirus breed wise was found to be highest in mongrels (51.16%), followed by exotic breeds such as Labrador retriever (9.68%), German Shepherd (8.53%) and Rottweiler (8.14%) respectively. Out of 258 cases positive for Canine Parvovirus, the males were more affected as compare to the females. The prevalence of CPV was maximal in the age group of 3-6 months (43.41%), followed by pups of less than 3 months of age (31.40%), 6-12 months year group (20.93%) and >12 months year group (4.26%) respectively. The clinical cases presented had history of Anorexia, lethargy, dyspnoea, continuous vomiting and diarrhoea which is mostly haemorrhagic in nature, either pyrexia or hypothermia. Respiration rate and rectal temperature were non- significantly increased; whereas heart rate was significantly increased in the affected group as compared to the healthy control group. Significant decline in levels of haemoglobin, PCV, TEC, TLC, Neutrophils (%) while significant increase in Lymphocytes (%) was evident in the initial stage which returned to normal with recovery. The Overall results of the present study shows that the dogs of therapeutic groups were having hypoproteinaemia, hypoglobulinaemia, hypoalbuminemia, hyponatremia, increased ALP, AST, BUN, levels as compared to the healthy control group of dogs. Arrhythmias were found in 14.34% of affected dogs, with sinus tachycardia, supraventricular tachycardia, short PR intervals, deep negative T waves being the foremost common. From the comparative management of canine parvoviral enteritis, it was established that, group treated with faecal microbiota transplantation along with symptomatic therapy showed remarkable improvement in terms of resolution of diarrhoea i.e., 4/6 (66.67%) cases within 48 hours of therapy. All (100%) dogs were managed with symptomatic treatment according to the clinical signs observed.