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Govind Ballabh Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar

After independence, development of the rural sector was considered the primary concern of the Government of India. In 1949, with the appointment of the Radhakrishnan University Education Commission, imparting of agricultural education through the setting up of rural universities became the focal point. Later, in 1954 an Indo-American team led by Dr. K.R. Damle, the Vice-President of ICAR, was constituted that arrived at the idea of establishing a Rural University on the land-grant pattern of USA. As a consequence a contract between the Government of India, the Technical Cooperation Mission and some land-grant universities of USA, was signed to promote agricultural education in the country. The US universities included the universities of Tennessee, the Ohio State University, the Kansas State University, The University of Illinois, the Pennsylvania State University and the University of Missouri. The task of assisting Uttar Pradesh in establishing an agricultural university was assigned to the University of Illinois which signed a contract in 1959 to establish an agricultural University in the State. Dean, H.W. Hannah, of the University of Illinois prepared a blueprint for a Rural University to be set up at the Tarai State Farm in the district Nainital, UP. In the initial stage the University of Illinois also offered the services of its scientists and teachers. Thus, in 1960, the first agricultural university of India, UP Agricultural University, came into being by an Act of legislation, UP Act XI-V of 1958. The Act was later amended under UP Universities Re-enactment and Amendment Act 1972 and the University was rechristened as Govind Ballabh Pant University of Agriculture and Technology keeping in view the contributions of Pt. Govind Ballabh Pant, the then Chief Minister of UP. The University was dedicated to the Nation by the first Prime Minister of India Pt Jawaharlal Nehru on 17 November 1960. The G.B. Pant University is a symbol of successful partnership between India and the United States. The establishment of this university brought about a revolution in agricultural education, research and extension. It paved the way for setting up of 31 other agricultural universities in the country.

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2018 - 201912020 - 20221
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Subject: Veterinary Anatomy × Start date: 2018 × Type: Thesis × Thesis Type: Ph.D ×
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Post natal developmental studies on the respiratory system of Uttara fowl
    (G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar, District Udham Singh Nagar, Uttarakhand. PIN - 263145, 2022-09) Yadav, Renu; Singh, Ishwar
    The present work was carried out on respiratory system of 24 apparently healthy Uttara fowl at different age groups viz. 0, 7, 28 and 112 days. Respiratory system of fowl consisted of nares as operculum, nasal cavity (cavitas nasalis), larynx, trachea, syrinx and lungs. On gross observations the externally nasal cavity opened as elliptical-shaped nostrils located at the base of the upper beak on either side. Black pigmentation was present on operculum in all age group of Uttara fowl except 0 day. Each half of the nasal cavity exhibited three types of creamy white cartilaginous (hyaline) conchae i.e. rostral, middle and caudal out of these middle conchae was the largest in all the age groups. Larynx was formed by single cricoids, procricoid cartilage and paired arytenoid cartilage. The cricoid was the largest laryngeal cartilage. The catilagenous tracheal rings were flattened dorsoventrally and their number varied between 101 to 128. Uttara had tracheobronchial type syrinx. The lungs appeared as bright pink color, pyramidal- shaped shape. Histologically cranially vestibule was (external nares) lined by heavily keratinized stratified squamous epithelium. The degree of keratinization decreased gradually towards the caudal aspect and lining epithelium modified into slightly keratinized stratified squamous epithelium towards the rostral concha. Middle concha was lined by ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium with neumerous tubuloalveolar intraepithelial glands. Larynx revealed outer epithelial layer (dorsal surface) lined by keratinized stratified squamous epithelium containing keratinized pointed papillae. The inner most layer (lining epithelium towards the laryngeal lumen) was made up of ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium with numerous intraepithelial mucous glands. Trachea and syrinx was lined with ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium and numerous intraepithelial mucous gland. Trachea bifurcated into Primary or mesobronchi which divided into secondary bronchi which continued into tertiary or parabronchi. The parabronchi further continue into infundibula, atria and air capillaries. The mucous membrane of the primary bronchi and secondary was lined by ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium with ciliated, goblet cells. Tertiary bronchi, atria and air capillary were lined by simple squamous to simple cuboidal epithelium cells. Histochemically, the lining epithelium, intraepithelial mucous glands, muscles, perichondrium and chondrocyte cells of cartilage in respiratory system show PAS positive reaction. Intraepithelial mucous glands of entire respiratory system showed intense reaction for Acid and neural mucin. Acidic sulphated mucins were more than neutral mucins in intraepithelial mucous glands. The intense acid phosphatase, alkaline phosphatase and ATPase positive reaction was observed in capsule, surface epithelial layer of tertiary bronchi, blood vessels, and interlobular connective tissue and air capillaries. Under SEM observation each half of laryngeal mound had two transverse rows of papillae. Some cranial papillae had bifurcated apices. The medial most papillae of cranial transverse rows were broader compare to lateral papillae and at their base of thorn like small papillae were present. Various sized opening of intraepithelial glands were present near the rim of glottis. The lung parenchyma was arranged around the secondary bronchi in honey comb like appearance. In between parabronchi interparabronchial septae were clearly visible. The parabronchi opened into atria which lead to the air capillaries surrounded by blood capillaries.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Osteo-morphological studies on the vertebrae, ribs and sternum of blue bull (Boselaphus tragocamelus)
    (G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand), 2018-05) Sathapathy, Srinivas; Singh, Balwinder
    The general vertebral formula of Blue bull was observed as C7T13L6S5Cy15-21. Amongst the cervical vertebrae, the atlas, axis, C6 and C7 were atypical type, but C3-C5 were typical type. The typical cervical vertebrae were characterized by presence of foramen transversarium and bifid transverse process, where as the atlas had dorsal and ventral tubercles, fovea dentis that articulated with the dens of axis. The ventral division of transverse process of C6 was quadrilateral plate like. The C7 was devoid of foramen transversarium and characterized by presence of undivided transverse process, well developed dorsal supraspinous process and presence of costal facets on both the sides of the caudal end of the body. The thoracic vertebrae presented long supraspinous process, cylindrical, but shorter centrum. The cranial articular processes were oval, slightly convex, placed on the dorsal border of the arch and faced directly upwards. The caudal ones were located at the base of the supraspinous processes and were slightly concave. The transverse processes were short, thick and undivided. They presented a tubercular facet on their ventral aspect for articulation with the corresponding facet present on the tubercle of the rib. The transverse processes of thoracic vertebrae presented thick rounded non-articular mamillary processes on the dorsal aspect. The lumbar vertebrae were characterized by long transverse process, broad and flattened dorsal supraspinous process and well developed cranial and caudal articular processes. The average length of transverse process gradually increased from L1 to L5 and then it suddenly decreased in L6. The sacrum was almost triangular in shape and formed by five sacral segments. It presented wings, base and apex. It had a median sacral crest, two lateral sacral crests and four pairs of dorsal and ventral sacral foramina. The first three to four coccygeal vertebrae were characterized by presence of body, bifid dorsal and ventral spines, sulcus vasculosus, cranial nonarticular process and a pair of transverse process. The remaining caudal vertebrae had cylindrical bodies and reduced processes. The ribs were longer, wider, flatter, less curved and less regular in form. There were thirteen pairs of ribs in Blue bull, out of which first eight were sternal, last five were asternal and the last pair was considered as floating ribs. They presented proximal end, shaft and distal end. The proximal end further consisted of head, neck and tubercle. The costal groove was present at the proximal end of caudal border of shaft. An accessory tubercle was located below the main tubercle at the caudal border of the shaft of 1st, 3rd, 5th, 7th, 8th and 11th pairs of ribs in both the sexes of the Blue bull. The distal end of the ribs was wide, flattened and attached with the costal cartilage. The sternum was a long plate of osteo-cartilagenous structure formed by seven sternebrae. It was flat except at its anterior end, which was compressed laterally. The lateral borders accommodated seven pairs of sternal facets on either side of the intersternal junctions. The manubrium sterni presented extensive facets dorso-laterally for articulation with the first pair of costal cartilages. The eighth pair costal cartilages joined the sternum between 6th and 7th sternebrae along with the seventh pair costal cartilages. The xiphoid cartilage was rounded and present in the caudal aspect of 7th sternebra attached with the xiphoid process