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Govind Ballabh Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar

After independence, development of the rural sector was considered the primary concern of the Government of India. In 1949, with the appointment of the Radhakrishnan University Education Commission, imparting of agricultural education through the setting up of rural universities became the focal point. Later, in 1954 an Indo-American team led by Dr. K.R. Damle, the Vice-President of ICAR, was constituted that arrived at the idea of establishing a Rural University on the land-grant pattern of USA. As a consequence a contract between the Government of India, the Technical Cooperation Mission and some land-grant universities of USA, was signed to promote agricultural education in the country. The US universities included the universities of Tennessee, the Ohio State University, the Kansas State University, The University of Illinois, the Pennsylvania State University and the University of Missouri. The task of assisting Uttar Pradesh in establishing an agricultural university was assigned to the University of Illinois which signed a contract in 1959 to establish an agricultural University in the State. Dean, H.W. Hannah, of the University of Illinois prepared a blueprint for a Rural University to be set up at the Tarai State Farm in the district Nainital, UP. In the initial stage the University of Illinois also offered the services of its scientists and teachers. Thus, in 1960, the first agricultural university of India, UP Agricultural University, came into being by an Act of legislation, UP Act XI-V of 1958. The Act was later amended under UP Universities Re-enactment and Amendment Act 1972 and the University was rechristened as Govind Ballabh Pant University of Agriculture and Technology keeping in view the contributions of Pt. Govind Ballabh Pant, the then Chief Minister of UP. The University was dedicated to the Nation by the first Prime Minister of India Pt Jawaharlal Nehru on 17 November 1960. The G.B. Pant University is a symbol of successful partnership between India and the United States. The establishment of this university brought about a revolution in agricultural education, research and extension. It paved the way for setting up of 31 other agricultural universities in the country.

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Subject: Plant Pathology × Author: Bhandari, Chandra Prabha × End date: 2008 ×
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Evaluation of certain biopesticides and fluorescent pseudomonads for their inclusion in ipm programme
    (G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand), 2008) Bhandari, Chandra Prabha; Kumar, J.
    The sharp increase in the use of chemical pesticides in India in recent years has resulted in severe implications in the development of pesticidal resistance in key pest species, pesticidal residues in food chain and degradation in the quality of eco system and human health. It is therefore, important to identify alternatives to chemical pesticide in plant protection without sacrificing the productivity and profitability of agriculture. Among various non chemical options (host plant resistance, cultural, biological and integrated pest management), biopesticides which are target specific, eco friendly and biodegradable are potential alternatives to chemical pesticides and are known to exhibit antifungal activities against certain plant pathogenic fungi. In the present investigation studies were conducted to evaluate Azadirachtin formulations viz., Soluneem and Mycostat, Sodium bicarbonate, vermiwash and two fluorescent pseudomnads [ch-12 and ch- 18] obtained from mid gut of earthworm against nine potential test pathogens under in vitro conditions. The biopesticides were evaluated for their compatibility with bioagents in order to increase their action spectrum. The putative biopesticides were field evaluated against capsicum at six farmers’ fields in the Garampani vegetable belt in Distt. Nainital under natural infection conditions. In this belt, capsicum faces recurrent crop losses due to impact of diseases like root rot, collar rot and dieback. Under in vitro conditions, Mycostat (2000 ppm) resulted into complete inhibition of the radial growth of Sclerotium rolfsii and Sclerotinia sclerotiorum and recorded significantly higher inhibition against Rhizoctonia solani, Fusarium oxysporum and Fusarium solani. While Soluneem (600 ppm) recorded significantly higher inhibition against Helminthosporium oryzae and Fusarium oxysporum. Sodium bicarbonate (500 ppm) recorded complete inhibition of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum but at higher concentration (2000 ppm) Sodium bicarbonate recorded statistically significant inhibition against Rhizoctonia solani followed by Fusarium solani and Sclerotium rolfsii. It was found that Mycostat and Sodium bi carbonate both were fungistatic in their action. Trichoderma harzianum (th-43) showed some degree of compatibility with Mycostat at lower concentrations (1000-4000 ppm) but was incompatible at higher concentrations (6000 ppm). The bioagent showed relatively less sensitivity with Soluneem and Sodium bicarbonate thus could be considered compatible with Soluneem and Sodium bi carbonate. Combination of Sodium bicarbonate and th-43 completely inhibited the mycelial growth of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, Sclerotium rolfsii, and Rhizoctonia solani however th-43 alone found was found to give lesser inhibition. Combination of Soluneem (600 ppm) and th-43 was highly significant in inhibiting the mycelial growth of Helminthosporium oryza and Fusarium oxysporum while th-43 alone inhibited less growth. Pseudomonas fluorescence (strain ch-18) was found to be highly significant in inhibiting the radial growth of Helminthosporium oryza and Pyricularia grisea and was also significantly effective against Colletotrichum capsici, Fusarium solani , Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, Sclerotium rolfsii, Fusarium oxysporum, Rhizoctonia solani and Colletotrichum graminicola. Pseudomonas fluorescence (strain ch-12) was highly significant in inhibiting the radial growth of Helminthosporium oryzae, Colletotrichum capsici and Pyricularia grisea and was also significantly effective against Rhizoctonia solani, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, Fusarium solani, Fusarium oxysporum, Sclerotium rolfsii and Colletotrichum graminicola In vitro testing of vermiwash (1kg vermicompost extracted in 1 lit water) against different plant pathogens gave max reduction in dry weight of mycelium against Sclerotium rolfsii but was not much effective against other pathogens. In the field trials, five treatments viz. root dipping in Bavistin (0.05%) + Dithane M-45 (0.25%), root dipping in Soluneem (0.05%), root dipping in Mycostat (0.5%), root dipping in PBAT-3 (Trichoderma harzianum + Pseudomonas fluorescens (0.8%), and root dipping in Sodium bicarbonate (0.8%) were evaluated against capsicum. After 30 days of transplanting, maximum plant stand and minimum per cent disease was recorded in Soluneem (0.05%) followed by Mycostat (0.5%). After 45 days of transplanting maximum no. of plants in branching stage and maximum average plant length was also recorded in Soluneem (0.05%) and Mycostat (0.5%) as compared to other treatments. At 60 days of transplanting minimum % loss due to diseases was recorded in Mycostat (0.5%) followed by Soluneem (0.0.5%) proving the supremacy of the two biopesticides i.e., Soluneem and Mycostat in disease management and giving better plant growth. The study revealed that the two Azadiractin based biopesticides, Soluneem and Mycostat, hold promise in reducing field losses in capsicum but need further evaluation in other vegetables before inclusion in the biointenssive IPM programme.