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Govind Ballabh Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar
After independence, development of the rural sector was considered the primary concern of the Government of India. In 1949, with the appointment of the Radhakrishnan University Education Commission, imparting of agricultural education through the setting up of rural universities became the focal point. Later, in 1954 an Indo-American team led by Dr. K.R. Damle, the Vice-President of ICAR, was constituted that arrived at the idea of establishing a Rural University on the land-grant pattern of USA. As a consequence a contract between the Government of India, the Technical Cooperation Mission and some land-grant universities of USA, was signed to promote agricultural education in the country. The US universities included the universities of Tennessee, the Ohio State University, the Kansas State University, The University of Illinois, the Pennsylvania State University and the University of Missouri. The task of assisting Uttar Pradesh in establishing an agricultural university was assigned to the University of Illinois which signed a contract in 1959 to establish an agricultural University in the State. Dean, H.W. Hannah, of the University of Illinois prepared a blueprint for a Rural University to be set up at the Tarai State Farm in the district Nainital, UP. In the initial stage the University of Illinois also offered the services of its scientists and teachers. Thus, in 1960, the first agricultural university of India, UP Agricultural University, came into being by an Act of legislation, UP Act XI-V of 1958. The Act was later amended under UP Universities Re-enactment and Amendment Act 1972 and the University was rechristened as Govind Ballabh Pant University of Agriculture and Technology keeping in view the contributions of Pt. Govind Ballabh Pant, the then Chief Minister of UP. The University was dedicated to the Nation by the first Prime Minister of India Pt Jawaharlal Nehru on 17 November 1960.
The G.B. Pant University is a symbol of successful partnership between India and the United States. The establishment of this university brought about a revolution in agricultural education, research and extension. It paved the way for setting up of 31 other agricultural universities in the country.
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ThesisItem Open Access Screening of some selected bryophytes for antimicrobial activity(G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand), 2009-06) Gahtori, Dheeraj; Chaturvedi, PreetiMounting pressure of teeming population and shrinking land resources have necessitated the production of more food per unit area. However the indiscriminate use of synthetic pesticides for meeting the increasing food demand and created several problems of pest resistance, food contamination by toxic residues and environmental pollution. To reduce the dependence on synthetic pesticides there is an urgent need to search for plant based natural products. In the present study the different organic and aqueous extracts of four bryophytes- Marchantia polymorpha, Plagiochasma appendiculatum, Dicranum undulatum and Isopterygium elegans have been investigated in vitro for their bioactivity against four different fungal pathogens, viz., Sclerotium rolfsii, Rhizoctonia solani, Fusarium oxysporum and Tilletia indica and five different bacteria viz., Xanthomonas oryzae pv. Oryzae, Salmonella enterica, Pasteurella multocida, Escherichia coli O157 and Melissococcus plutonius (all G-ve). Disc diffusion and microbroth techniques were used for evaluation of antimicrobial activity of the extracts. All the microorganisms were found to be sensitive against at least one of the organic extracts while all the aqueous extracts were found to be ineffective. Organic extracts of all four bryophytes (M. polymorpha, P. appendiculatum, D. undulatum and I. elegans) were effective against F. oxysporum and T. indica. Organic extracts of all bryophytes except, I. elegans, were effective for all the tested bacterial pathogens. These results clearly indicate that bryophytes may prove to be a very good and new source of antimicrobial agents and can encourage to develop a novel broad spectrum antimicrobial herbal formula in future.ThesisItem Open Access Diversity of flowering plants in Pantnagar Agriculture Complex: Native and non native elements(G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand), 2009-06) Joshi, Kanchan; Rawat, D.S.‘Earth Summit’ at Rio de Janeiro (Brazil) in 1992 considered biodiversity as an important resource and laid immense stress on its accurate assessment and conservation. Assessment of biodiversity at local level is essentially required for better management and considering this a study of floristic diversity of Pantnagar Agricultural complex was carried out during July 2008-June 2009. A complete list of flowering plants of Pantnagar was prepared on the basis of plant collection in the area during study period, previous floristic reports and other reliable sources. The results obtained show that 662 species of flowering plant within 453 genera and 112 families grow in Pantnagar. Dicots constitute the major part of this floristic diversity being 80.21% with 531 spp within 364 genera and 92 families. Monocots are 18.4% and represented by 122 spp. within 83 genera and 15 families Gymnosperms are represented by 9 spp (1.35%, all cultivated taxa) within 6 genera and 5 families. The dominant families are Poaceae (51 spp; 35 genera), Asteraceae (49 spp; 38 genera), Papilionaceae (42 spp; 27 genera) Euphorbiaceae (26 spp; 13 genera) Malvaceae (23 spp; 10 genera), Solanaceae (19 spp; 11 genera), Lamiaceae (19 spp; 12 genera). Acanthaceae (18 spp; 14 genera), Caesalpiniaceae (18 spp; 6 genera) and Scrophulariaceae (17 spp; 11 genera) together forming 282 species (42.59%) and 179 genera (39.51%). Plants cultivated/planted for different purposes in the area makes major part of floristic diversity and are represented by 348 species (52.57%) Naturalized and indigenous taxa are represented by 154 spp. and 160 spp. respectively. Analysis of nativity indicate that out of total 662 spp., 147 spp. (22.2%) are of American origin, 55 spp. (18.30%) of African, 49 spp. (7.40%) of European, 10 spp. (1.51%) of Australian, 30 spp. (4.53%) of Pantropical, 1 spp. (0.15%) of neotropical, 77 spp. (11.63%) of wides and 293 spp. (44.2%) of Asian origin (these 293 spp. also include 160 spp. of indigenous nature i.e. native to Indian region). The study indicate that destruction of native vegetation for agriculture and urbanization has led to drastic reduction in native flora on the one hand and at other hand it has promoted colonization of the area by invasive alien species which is evident by the presence of 61 spp. of invasive species (of India) and 6 spp. of World’s worst invasive alien species in this area.ThesisItem Open Access Documentation of some medicinal plants of Pithoragarh with emphasis on in vitro propagation and alkaloid estimation of Rauwolfia(G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand), 2006-08) Bhatt, Richa; Rao, P.B.Medicinal plants are the herbs with heading and curative properties bestow by ‘secondary plant metabolites’. In the present study collection, identification and catalogue description of some medicinal plants at and around Pithoragarh, and seed germination and in-vitro propagation including callus induction and direct regeneration in R. serpentina and alkaloid estimation in both R. serpentina and R. tetraphylla. Sixty different medicinal plant species were collected,identified and kept in the Deptt. of Biological Sciences, CBSH. These plants belonged to 54 genera and 34 families 29 Dicotyledones and 5 monocotyledones. The seed germination of R.S. was found to be very poor may be due to defective embryo formation, presence of endophytic flora or cinnamic acid in seed coat. Therefore an attempt was made through in vitro propagation, by induction of callus from leaf and stem tissues and direct regeneration from apical and nodal explants. Different combinations of phytohormones i.e., 2, 4 D + BAP and IBA + BAP were examined for callus induction and direct regeneration. It was observed that the combination and concentration of IBA (0.125 mg/L) + BAP (1.0 mg/L) produced for both callus induction and direct regeneration. Alkaloids are the active principle present in Rauwolfia and are being exploited in preparation of medicines. Isolation of alkaloids was performed from mature root, stem and leaves of both R. serpentina and R. tetraphylla. After isolation, it was purified and identified with the help of chromatographic techniques TLC and HPTLC. Maximum reserpine (0.38%) was recorded in roots of R. serpentina and in R. tetraphylla it was in the leaves (0.19%).ThesisItem Open Access Bioactivity of different species of bryophytes against certain plant pathogens(G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand), 2005-07) Mewari, Neelam; Chaturvedi, PreetiThe harmful effect of insecticides and pesticides on human health and environment is well known. The widespread use of chemical pesticides in agriculture and public health leads to contamination of the ecosystem. Exposure to such pesticides creates an imbalance in the physiological functioning of the organisms. The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates today- in figures that are widely accepted to be underestimates – that 200,000 people are killed worldwide, every year, as a direct result of pesticide poisoning, up from 30,000 in 1990. In spite of their gradually increasing harmful effects on the environment and human health, there seems to be no possibility of their complete discontinuation. In this situation, the only way left is to reduce the use of toxic chemicals by adopting alternative methods of disease and pest control. One of the possibilities is the use of plant based natural products. Bioactive products of plant origin being less persistent in environment, safe to human and non-target organisms have therefore, become the focus of attention today. In the present study, four species of bryophytes (lower plants) - Entodon plicatus, Marchantia polymorpha, Plagiochasma appendiculatum and Rhynchostegium vagans have been investigated in vitro for their bioactivity against some important crop pathogens like Bipolaris sorokiniana, Fusarium moniliforme, F. solani, Rhizoctonia solani, Pseudomonas solanacearum and Xanthomonas oryzae. All the four species were found to possess antifungal activity against at least one of the test fungi. No antibacterial activity was found in any tested plant species viz., E. plicatus, P. appendiculatum, and R. vagans. Aqueous and organic extracts of M. polymorpha effectively inhibited R. solani while organic extracts of E. plicatus showed significant inhibitory activity against B. sorokiniana. P. appendiculatum and R. vagans inhibited both B. sorokiniana and F. solani. These findings indicate that these liliputians of plant kingdom have an immense potential as plant protectants and in near future, they can serve as new fungicide leads in agriculture.ThesisItem Open Access Comparative microbial diversity in a forest and agroecosystem at sites-Chanda Devi and Sultan Nagari of district Nainital(G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand), 2005-08) Sharma, Shalini; Sharma, A.K.Soil microorganisms are one of the most prominent biological factors that affect ‘soil health’ and thus above ground productivity. Any change in their population can be used to predict changes in not only the soil but also the ecosystem. Thus an estimation of microbial count and activity can help us in gaining a better understanding of various ecosystems. The present study was undertaken to compare soil microbial diversity in a forest and an agroecosystem in the hilly areas of Kumaon. Both cultural and culture independent methods have been employed to study the microbial population. The experimental results revealed greater enzyme activity as well as greater total viable counts (TVC) in the agriculture ecosystems. These results indicate that the traditional agriculture or low input agriculture as practised in the hills allow the soil microbial community to flourish.ThesisItem Open Access Allelopathic effect of five weed species on protein in different varieties of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)(G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand), 2005-08) Badhani, Richa; Rao, P.B.Allelopathy is the beneficial or harmful effects of one plant on another plant, both crop and weed species by the release of chemicals from plant parts by leaching, root exudation, volatilization, decomposition and other process in both agricultural and natural ecosystems. Weeds are the plants which are unwanted and interfere with the productivity and yield of cultivated crops. In present study, allelopathic effect of five dominant weed species i.e. Ageratum conyzoides L., Cyprus rotundus L., Phalaris minor L., Polygonum hydropiper L, and Solanum nigrum L. extracts were examined on seed germination, seedling growth (length and dry weight), total protein content and protein profile in ten different varieties of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and to identify resistant and susceptibile varieties i.e.,UP-2338,C-306,UP-299,PBW-373,UP-1109,PBW-343,UP-2382,UP-2113,PBW-175,PBW-396. The weed extracts exhibited both inhibitory as well as stimulatory effect on seed germination, plumule and radicle length and dry weight of total seedling in different varieties of wheat. On the basis of per cent reduction, the variety UP-2338 and PBW-396 (o) with P. minor were resistant and C-306 (68.96) with S. nigrum was susceptible. Similarly, UP-2338 (19.92) with S. nigrum was resistant and C-306 (94.34) with A.conyzoides was susceptible in radicle length: PBW- 396 (2.35) with P. minor and UP-299 (83.27) with S. nigrum in plumule length; UP-2338 (9.59) with C. rotundus and C-306 (94.25) with A. conyzoides in radicle dry weight, PBW-373 (0.25) with P. minor and PBW-343 (72.33) with P. hydropiper in plumule dry weight: UP-2113 (3.30) with C. rotundus and UP-1109 (81.18) with P. hydropiper in both seedling dry weight. Thus, these results indicate that the variety UP-2338 was most resistant compared to others. The total protein content was variable in all varieties in control and treatments. It was maximum in PBW-343 (7.8) with A. conyzoides and minimum in UP-1109 (1.3) with P. hydropiper. On the basis of total protein content variety C-306 and UP-299 were resistant and PBW-373 and UP-1109 were susceptible to most of the treatments. Results of similarity index indicate that the extracts of C. rotundus, P. minor and S. nigrum showed similar effect compared to other combinations.ThesisItem Open Access Micromorphology and distribution of Trichomes in the family Fabaceae Lindl.(G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand), 2019-08) Gauri; Rawat, D.S.Fabaceae, also called Leguminosae or pea family, is the third largest Angiosperm family with about 741 genera and 20200 species on Earth. Large number of Fabaceae members exist in Pantnagar area and a study of trichomes of 26 species was conducted during 2018-19 to understand diversity in structure of trichomes and distribution of trichomes on different surfaces. Different surfaces of plant parts- stem, petiole, rachis, both surfaces and margins of leaf or leaflets, stipule, bract, sepal, petal, androecium, gynoecium, pod, were examined under light microscope for the presence, distribution and structural diversity of trichomes. Studied species belongs to 4 subfamilies of Fabaceae following recent and highly phylogenetic system of legumes by Legume Phylogeny Working group. All 26 species bear trichomes on any one or more surfaces examined. Gynoecium bear trichomes in maximum (20) species, followed by sepal and leaf axes (19 spp.), and stem and leaves (17 spp.). Stamens bear trichomes in minimum number (5) of species. 32 structural types of trichomes were recorded of which 7 were glandular and 25 were non-glandular types. In 15 species trichomes are only non-glandular types whereas, 11 species bear both glandular as well as non-glandular trichomes. Non-glandular, unicellular, subulate (NU-subulate) trichomes are most common in Fabaceae and recorded in 16 species while among the glandular trichomes, glandular, multicellular, uniseriate, clavate (GMU-clavate) trichomes are more common and recorded in 7 taxa. Maximum seven types of trichomes were recorded in Bauhinia tomentosa. In Caesalpinia pulcherrima trichomes are present only at the base of filaments. In family Fabaceae trichome structure and distribution were found useful for differentiating species within genera thus proves their systematic utility. The study concludes that wide variety of trichomes exists in Fabaceae, though the exact role of trichomes is yet to be ascertained. Presence of trichomes on gynoecium in more than two-third species suggests their role in protection of developing pods and seeds by warding off creeping insect pests.ThesisItem Open Access Diversity of bryophytes in Berinag (Uttarakhand), Kumaun Himalaya(G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand), 2019-08) Dhami, Deeksha; Chaturvedi, PreetiBryophytes are the cryptogamous, herbaceous plants generally found in a transition zone between the land and water. Bryophyte cover of an area is a clear indication of the health of the ecosystem. These archegoniates constitute 5.62% of total plants of India. Luxuriant forests, varied topography and suitable climatic conditions made Kumaun Himalaya rich in bryophyte diversity. Nature’s furies and human interference have, however, started posing a toll on the diversity of the region. Hence, taxonomy and documentation of its flora is essential for conservation and management of the biodiversity. Present study was an attempt to survey, collect and taxonomically describe the bryoflora of Berinag region including the villages and forest of Berinag. In the investigation, total of 33 species were reported, out of which eight were liverworts and 25 were mosses. Out of 25 mosses, 15 mosses were acrocarpous and 10 mosses were pleurocarpous in habit. Liverworts species belonged to six genera of five families and two orders whereas mosses belonged to 24 genera of 17 families and eight orders. Out of the 10 orders dealt in the present work, Hypnales was the largest consisting of seven families, nine genera and nine species followed by Dicranales and Marchantiales both consisting of three families, five and four genera respectively. In mosses, Bryaceae was the dominant family consisting of three genera and four species followed by Calymperaceae, Leucobryaceae, Anomodontaceae, Leskeaceae and Polytrichaceae. In liverworts, Aytoniaceae was found dominant. Marchantia, Frullania and Bryum were the dominant genera of the region. Majority of the taxa were terricolous in habitat.ThesisItem Open Access Elucidation of phytoconstituents and antioxidant & in vitro antiinflammatory activities of nine members of family Lamiaceae(G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand), 2019-06) Thakurathi, Gayatri; Rao, P.B.Medicinal herbs offer an important traditional way to prevent and cure several diseases. Various anti-inflammatory drugs have been used to reduce pain and inflammation. However, there are many side effects associated with non- steroidal drugs. Therefore, a search for non-toxic natural compounds with antioxidant activity has intensified in recent years. In the present study, nine wild plant species of family Lamiaceae were selected to assess their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory potential. The extraction yield (%) was maximum in Pogostemon benghalensis (21.01) and Vitex negundo (18.71) in aqua-methanol and aqua-acetone, respectively. All the phytochemicals are present in all the species except saponins present in Clerodendrum infortunatum, Colebrookea oppositifolia and V. negundo; terpenoids were absent in Roylea elegans. In both aqua-methanol and aqua-acetone, the values in different plant species was maximum in C. oppositifolia in terms of DPPH (80.17 and 70.35 %), FRAP (109.38 and 83.72, μg BHTE/mg), FCA (57.1 and 54.55 μg BHTE/mg) and TAA (116.13 and 69.95 μg VCE/mg) assays, respectively. The TPC (μg GAE/mg) was maximum in C. oppositifolia (36.10) and P. benghalensis (30.20) in aqua-methanol and aqua-acetone, respectively while the TFC ((μg QE/mg) was maximum in V. negundo (41.93 and 44.266) in both aqua-methanol and aqua-acetone. The IC50 values (μg/ml) of DPPH were comparatively higher in R. elegans (409.0) in aqua-methanol and Lamium amplexicaule (178.97) in aqua-acetone and low in C. oppositifolia (26.17 and 41.08 in aqua-methanol and aqua-acetone, respectively); and IC50 values of FCA ranged from 106.13 (C. oppositifolia) to 594.69 (V. negundo) in aqua-methanol; and 111.608 (C. oppositifolia) to 676.48 (R. elegans) in aqua-acetone. Anti-inflammatory potential against protein denaturation (%) was comparatively higher in C. oppositifolia in both aqua-methanol (73.93) and aqua-acetone (64.78) than other species. Among the solvents, aqua-methanol showed comparatively higher antioxidant activity than aqua-acetone. Positive and significant correlation in terms of FRAP, DPPH, FCA, TAA and TPC was obtained in all species. Thus, the above mentioned plant species with comparatively higher antioxidant and anti-inflammatory potential than the others and can be a potent natural plant source of nutritional and anti-inflammatory drugs which can be utilized for developing natural curatives against synthetic ones. It can be exploited in nutraceutical and pharmaceutical industries.