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Govind Ballabh Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar

After independence, development of the rural sector was considered the primary concern of the Government of India. In 1949, with the appointment of the Radhakrishnan University Education Commission, imparting of agricultural education through the setting up of rural universities became the focal point. Later, in 1954 an Indo-American team led by Dr. K.R. Damle, the Vice-President of ICAR, was constituted that arrived at the idea of establishing a Rural University on the land-grant pattern of USA. As a consequence a contract between the Government of India, the Technical Cooperation Mission and some land-grant universities of USA, was signed to promote agricultural education in the country. The US universities included the universities of Tennessee, the Ohio State University, the Kansas State University, The University of Illinois, the Pennsylvania State University and the University of Missouri. The task of assisting Uttar Pradesh in establishing an agricultural university was assigned to the University of Illinois which signed a contract in 1959 to establish an agricultural University in the State. Dean, H.W. Hannah, of the University of Illinois prepared a blueprint for a Rural University to be set up at the Tarai State Farm in the district Nainital, UP. In the initial stage the University of Illinois also offered the services of its scientists and teachers. Thus, in 1960, the first agricultural university of India, UP Agricultural University, came into being by an Act of legislation, UP Act XI-V of 1958. The Act was later amended under UP Universities Re-enactment and Amendment Act 1972 and the University was rechristened as Govind Ballabh Pant University of Agriculture and Technology keeping in view the contributions of Pt. Govind Ballabh Pant, the then Chief Minister of UP. The University was dedicated to the Nation by the first Prime Minister of India Pt Jawaharlal Nehru on 17 November 1960. The G.B. Pant University is a symbol of successful partnership between India and the United States. The establishment of this university brought about a revolution in agricultural education, research and extension. It paved the way for setting up of 31 other agricultural universities in the country.

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Subject: Agricultural Engineering × Author: Bohra, Mamta × Start date: 2004 × Type: Thesis × Thesis Type: M.Tech ×
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Groundwater modeling in Bijnor district using adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) and Support Vector Machine (SVM)
    (G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand), 2018-08) Bohra, Mamta; Shiv Kumar
    The present study was undertaken in Bijnor district of Uttar Pradesh to investigate the groundwater behavior and to assess the groundwater utilization development stage; and to develop the groundwater models using Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS) and Support Vector Machine (SVM) to predict the seasonal depth to water table using net recharge, net discharge, net rainfall, net draft through minor irrigation structures, net recharge due to return flow of irrigation and depth to water table as input parameters. MATLAB R2016a was used to develop the Adaptive NeuroFuzzy Inference System (ANFIS) based models and e1071 package in R- 3.4.3 and R Studio- 1.1.419 was used to develop the Support Vector Machine (SVM) based models. During the study period of 25 years, out of 39 hydrograph stations, the water table trend at 22 stations was found to be neither rising nor falling, whereas 13 hydrograph stations were under falling trend and 4 hydrograph stations were under rising trend during pre-monsoon seasons. During the period of post-monsoon season, 25 hydrograph stations were under neither rising nor falling trend whereas 10 hydrograph stations were under falling trend and 4 hydrograph stations were under rising trend. There was significant increase in the number of minor irrigation structures except Rahats and open wells. The cropping pattern revealed an increasing trend of area under high water demanding crops like sugarcane and rice while area under minor crops except vegetables were found to be decreasing. The groundwater balance studies indicated that during the study period, out of eleven blocks, one block namely Afzalgarh transformed from lower category (Safe) to higher category (Semi-critical); two blocks namely Haldaur and Kiratpur transformed from higher category (Critical) of groundwater utilization development stage to lower category (Semi-critical). However remaining eight blocks remained in the same category of groundwater utilization development stage. The ANFIS and SVM based models were developed and the values of performance indicators such as R2, r, MAE, RMSE, MAPE, RMSPE, RRSE, and RAE were calculated to evaluate the performance of Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System and Support Vector Machine based models. Based on global ranking obtained from the values of performance indicators, out of eight ANFIS based models, ANFIS-Model 4 and ANFIS-Model 7 were selected for the prediction of depth to water table during pre-monsoon and post-monsoon seasons, respectively while out of eight SVM based models, SVM-Model 3 and SVM-Model 8 were selected for the prediction of depth to water table during premonsoon and post-monsoon seasons, respectively. It was found that SVM based models were better than ANFIS based models during pre-monsoon whereas both ANFIS and SVM based models were almost on the same level of performance during post-monsoon season. It was concluded that, both ANFIS and SVM based models were able to predict the depth to water table within reasonable accuracy and both ANFIS and SVM based models established their potential to predict the depth to water table within reasonable deviation. Recharging structures like series of check dams, percolation tanks, bunds, renches and stream modifications were also suggested in problematic regions of the study area.