Loading...
Sardarkrushinagar Dantiwada Agricultural University, Sardarkrushinagar
Browse
Search Results
ThesisItem Open Access RESPONSE OF CULTIVATED AND WILD SPECIES OF SESAME UNDER SALINITY STRESS(SARDARKRUSHINAGAR DANTIWADA AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY - SARDARKRUSHINAGAR, 2022-12-14) MAYANK RAJNIBHAI, RAIYANI; A. K., SINGHSesame (Sesamum indicum L.) is an annual diploid species (2n = 2x = 26) and wild species Sesamum prostratum (2n = 32) belongs to family pedaliaceae. Wild species have more diversity for traits which can be utilized. Salinity is global problem reduce the plant growth, cause membrane damage, induce oxidative stress and disturb the metabolic pathway which result in lower crop yield. Present pot experiment was performed to compare the response of cultivated Sesamum indicum (Purva-1) and wild species Sesamum prostratum (KP/PR/20-17) under salt stress. Factorial completely randomized design was followed and experiment was performed at Botanical Garden of Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, CPCA, SDAU, Sardarkrushinagar during Kharif 2021. Purva-1 and KP/PR/20-17 were germinated in soil and vermicompost mixture (1:1) and irrigated at regular interval with salt solution for following treatments viz., T1: H2O (control), T2:4 dS m-1, T3:8 dS m-1 and T4:12 dS m-1 , which were prepared by using different salts (NaCl, Na2SO4, CaSO4, MgCl2) till the desired soil EC achieved. Assessment was done for their salt tolerance ability by evaluating morphological, physiological and biochemical parameters were performed once the desired salinity level in soil was achieved. It was recorded that soil salinity reduced plant height, number of leaf, fresh biomass of shoot and root, dry biomass of shoot and root in both genotypes, however, per cent decrease was higher in Purva-1 than KP/PR/20-17. Chlorophyll was reduced under salinity over control with higher decline in Purva-1. Carotenoid content also decline in Purva-1 but, it increases in KP/PR/20-17. Soil salinity increase the Na+ content in leaf, stem and root of both genotypes, with higher increase in Purva-1 as compared to KP/PR/20-17. In contrast, K+ content decreased in leaf and stem of both genotypes with less decrease in KP/PR/20-17. A marked increase in lipid peroxidation (MDA content) and electrolyte leakage was noticed with increase in salinity, which was much higher in Purva-1 than KP/PR/20-17. The proline content and ROS scavenging enzymes i.e. super oxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) increased with increase in salinity levels with the higher increase in KP/PR/20-17 than Purva-1. Thus from the above experiment it is concluded that Abstract ii under salinity stress, wild Sesamum prostratum (KP/PR/20-17) conserve its leaf number, height, and chlorophyll. It also accumulate more proline and potassium in the leaf might act as osmoregulator, which leads to lesser electrolyte leakage and lipid peroxidation, also KP/PR/20-17 induce antioxidant enzyme activity more than Purva-1. As a result of above salt tolerance traits KP/PR/20-17 sustain its biomass under different salinity level.ThesisItem Open Access MPHLGCAL CHAACTESATN BTED MAE (Zea mays L.) GENTPES(SARDARKRUSHINAGAR DANTIWADA AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY - SARDARKRUSHINAGAR, 2021-12-30) AMA PAHLADBHA, DASALANA; N. V., SONIMaize (Zea mays L.) belongs to family Poaceae is an important allogamous cereal crop. The present investigation entitled “Morphological characterisation of biofortified maize (Zea mays L.) genotypes” was carried out using forty-five genotypes to determine the extent of genetic variability, heritability, genetic advance, correlation and path analysis. The experiment included three replications and was set up in a randomised block design at Maize Research Station, Sardarkrushinagar Dantiwada Agricultural University, Bhiloda during Rabi 2019-20. The observations were recorded for seventeen different traits viz., days to tasseling, days to silking, anthesis-silking interval, days to maturity, plant height (cm), primary ear height (cm), cob length (cm), cob girth (cm), number of kernel row per ear, number of kernel per row of cob, 100-kernels weight (g), cob weight per plant, shelling percentage, iron content (ppm), zinc content (ppm), β-carotene content (ppm) and kernel yield per plant (g). The differences across all genotypes were significant, indicating that there was considerable amount of variability for all the traits under study. The genotypes IMR 29 (early tasseling and silking), IMR 28 (less anthesis-silking interval), IMR 50 (early maturity), IMR 29 (maximum plant height), IMR 36 (maximum primary ear height, 100-kernels weight), IMR 15 (maximum cob length, cob girth, cob weight per plant and kernel yield per plant), IMR 4 (maximum number of kernel row per cob), IMR 3 (maximum number of kernel per row of cob) and IMR 20 (highest shelling percentage), IMR 47 (highest iron and zinc content) and IMR 10 (highest β-carotene) recorded the best performance among all the genotypes. Genotypes, IMR 15, IMR 34, IMR 20, IMR 3 and IMR 20 genotypes performed better in terms of kernel yield per plant; IMR 47, IMR 44 and IMR 50 recorded for superior iron content, IMR 47, IMR 16 and IMR 15 Abstract ii for better zinc content; IMR 10, IMR 8 and IMR 9 observed best for β-carotene among all genotypes as per the total experimental results. In the current study high genotypic and phenotypic coefficient of variation was observed for β-carotene content and iron content. Broad sense heritability was high for iron content, β-carotene content, zinc content, primary ear height, plant height, days to tasseling, days to silking and kernel yield per plant. High heritability coupled with high genetic advance as per cent of mean was observed for iron content, β-carotene content, zinc content, primary ear height, and kernel yield per plant, indicating the presence of additive genes and less environmental influence on the characters. In correlation studies, kernel yield per plant was significant and positively correlated with plant height, primary ear height, cob length, cob girth, number of kernel row per cob, number of kernel per row of cob, 100-kernel weight, cob weight per plant, shelling percentage and zinc content at both genotypic and phenotypic level. The path analysis revealed that cob weight per plant, days to silking, shelling percentage, plant height, cob length, iron content, primary ear height and days to maturity exhibited positive direct effect on kernel yield per plant. Negative direct effect was observed through days to tasseling, anthesis-silking interval, number of kernel row per cob, number of kernel per row of cob, 100 - kernel weight, β-carotene content, zinc content, and cob girth. The genotypes, IMR 15, IMR 47, and IMR 10 can be use as the parents for future hybridization purpose. Based on the correlation and path analysis it could be concluded that the traits like shelling percentage, plant height, cob length, and primary ear height could be used as selection criterion to identify the suitable genotypes for future breeding programmes.ThesisItem Open Access VARIABILITY, CORRELATION AND PATH ANALYSIS IN FENUGREEK [Trigonella foenum-graecum (L.)](SARDARKRUSHINAGAR DANTIWADA AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY - SARDARKRUSHINAGAR, 2020-11-09) DHRUV KANTILAL, PATEL; A. M., PATELThe present investigation entitled “Variability, correlation and path analysis in fenugreek [(Trigonella foenum-graecum (L.)]” was carried out by using forty diverse genotypes of fenugreek obtained from seed spices research station, SDAU, Jagudan and evaluated in randomized block design (RBD) with four replications at Agronomy instruction farm, Sardarkrushinagar Dantiwada Agricultural University, Dantiwada during rabi 2019-20. The experimental material was evaluated for ten characters viz., plant height (cm), days to flowering, days to maturity, number of branches per plant, number of pods per plant, pod length (cm), number of seeds per pod, test weight (g), seed yield per plant (g) and harvest index (%). The analyses of variance revealed that mean sum of squares due to genotypes were found highly significant for all the traits. This proved the existence of tremendous variability in the experimental material for different traits. However, for seed yield point of view, JFg 196, GM 2, NDM 82 and JFg 184 were elite genotypes based on per se performance. The genotypes JFg 13, NDM 82, UM 126 and JFg 196 were showed their high per se performance in number of seeds per pod. The genotype JFG 184, JFg 77, JFg 194 and AFG 7 had maximum number of branches per plant. The genotype Kasuri methi, NDM 79, GM 2 and PM 1 had superior in the number of pods per plant. Thus, the selection of this type of genotypes may be helpful for increasing in the seed yield per plant. The close association between phenotypic and genotypic variances in all the traits indicated less influence of environment on expression of these characters. The high values of genotypic and phenotypic coefficient of variation were observed for number of branches per plant, number of pods per plant, seed yield per plant and harvest index. High heritability coupled with high genetic advance as percent of Abstract II mean was observed in number of branches per plant, number of pods per plant, pod length, number of seeds per pod, test weight, seed yield per plant and harvest index which indicates high heritability is due to additive gene action and selection may be effective. The analysis of correlation coefficients suggested that the magnitude of genotypic correlation was higher than the corresponding phenotypic correlation for all the traits. Correlation studies revealed that seed yield per plant had positive and highly significant association with number of pods per plant, pod length, number of seed per pod, test weight and harvest index in both genotypic and phenotypic levels. Hence, these characters should be given due consideration while selecting for increasing the seed yield. On the other hand, plant height, days to flowering and days to maturity exhibited negative association with seed yield per plant at both genotypic and phenotypic level. Number of pods per plant had positive correlation with number of seeds per pod which is desirable for increase in seed yield per plant. So, in future breeding programme for developing genotype having better seed yield per plant, above traits keep in considered at the time of selection. Path analysis revealed that the number of branches per plant, number of pods per plant, number of seeds per pod, days to maturity, test weight and harvest index had positive direct effects towards seed yield per plant. Plant height, days to flowering and pod length had negative direct effects towards seed yield per plant. On the basis of D2 values, forty genotypes of various geographical origins were grouped into four clusters. The traits number of branches per plant, days to flowering and number of pods per plant contributed maximum towards the divergence. The genotype of cluster III showed maximum divergence with cluster IV and II. Thus, the genotypes of this cluster may be selected for hybridization for generating genetic variability. Cluster III seems to be most promising for agronomic traits followed by cluster II and I. Thus, selection and use of these genotypes will be beneficial to generate genetic variability. From the results obtained, it would be reasonable to suggest that a breeder engaged in the improvements of fenugreek seed yield per plant should place emphasis on number of branches per plant, number of pods per plant, pod length and number of seeds per pod. Selection for these traits will be directly helpful in increasing the seed yield.ThesisItem Open Access EFFECT OF FERTILITY LEVELS WITH MICRONUTRIENT FORTIFICATION AND BIO ENHANCER ON GROWTH, YIELD AND Q(SARDARKRUSHINAGAR DANTIWADA AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY - SARDARKRUSHINAGAR, 2023-04-18) ANKITKUMAR RAVJIBHAI, PATEL; PIYUSH, VERMAThe present investigation entitled Effect of fertility levels with micronutrient fortification and bio enhancer on growth, yield and quality of onion (Allium cepa L.) was carried out during rabi season of 2020-21 and 2021-22 at College Farm, College of Horticulture, S. D. Agricultural University, Jagudan. Present investigation comprising three factors i.e., two levels of fertilizer i.e., 80 per cent RDF (L1) and 60 per cent RDF (L2); micronutrient fortification with six levels i.e., Zinc @ 5 kg/ha (M1), Zinc @ 10 kg/ha (M2), Iron @ 5 kg/ha (M3), Iron @ 10 kg/ha (M4), Zinc + Iron @ 2.5 kg/ha each (M5) and Zinc + Iron @ 5 kg/ha each (M6) and two levels of bio-enhancer i.e., NPK consortium @ 5.0 l/ha at sowing (B1) and Jeevamrut @ 500 l/ha at sowing, 45 DAP and 90 DAP (B2). Thus, there were total 24 treatment combinations under study. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Block Design with factorial concept with three replications. The results indicated that the application of 80 per cent RDF (L1) gave maximum plant height at 45 & 90 DAP (cm), number of leaves per plant at 45 & 90 DAP, neck thickness at 45 & 90 DAP (cm). Treatment (L1) i.e., 80 per cent RDF was found better with respect to weight of bulb (g), yield per plot (kg) and yield per hectare (q). The quality characteristics like polar diameter of bulb (cm) and equatorial diameter of bulb (cm) were found better with same treatment. Whereas, in plant analysis N, P, K, S, Zn and Fe uptake by plant (kg/ha) and available N, P, K (kg/ha) and Fe, Zn (mg/kg) in both the years of experiment as well as in pooled data with the application of 80 per cent RDF (L1). While, Zn and Fe content in bulb (mg/kg), chlorophyll content (a, b and total) in plant at 60 DAP (mg/100g), available S, PLW up to 3 months of storage at ambient condition at monthly interval, marketable bulb at monthly interval up to 3 months and unmarketable bulb at Abstract monthly interval up to 3 months gave better result in pooled data with the application of 80 per cent RDF (L1). Application of micronutrient fortification showed significant differences among growth, yield, quality and shelf life. Higher dose of micronutrient fortification was found with treatment (M6) Zinc + Iron @ 5 kg/ha each superior for growth parameters like plant height at 45 and 90 DAP (cm), number of leaves per plant at 45 & 90 DAP, neck thickness at 45& 90 DAP (cm). Similarly yield attributes viz., weight of bulb (g), yield per plot (kg) and yield per hectare (q). The same treatment also performed better for polar diameter of bulb (cm) and equatorial diameter of bulb (cm), Zn and Fe content in bulb, in plant analysis N, P, K, S, Zn and Fe uptake by plant (kg/ha), available N, P, K, (kg/ha) Fe, Zn (mg/kg) and PLW up to 3 months of storage at ambient condition at monthly interval recorded during both the years of an experiment and in pooled data, respectively under the treatment (M6) Zinc + Iron @ 5 kg/ha each. While, chlorophyll content (a, b and total) in plant at 60 DAP (mg/100g), available S, marketable bulb at 2nd month and unmarketable bulb at 2nd month best in pooled analysis with the application of Zinc + Iron @ 5 kg/ha each (M6). Among the various bio-enhancer the application of jeevamrut @ 500l/ha at sowing, 45 DAP and 90 DAP showed significantly maximum plant height at 45 & 90 DAP (cm), number of leaves per plant at 45 & 90 DAP, neck thickness at 45 & 90 DAP (cm), yield parameters like weight of bulb (g), yield per plot (kg) and yield per hectare (q). Whereas, for quality parameters i.e., polar diameter of bulb (cm) and equatorial diameter of bulb (cm), in plant analysis N, P, K, S, Zn and Fe uptake by plant (kg/ha) and available N, P, K, (kg/ha) Fe, Zn (mg/kg) observed during both the years of an experiment and in pooled data, respectively. Chlorophyll content (a, b and total) in plant at 60 DAP (mg/100g) and unmarketable bulb at 2nd month were found better only in pooled analysis under the treatment (B2) Jeevamrut @ 500 l/ha at sowing, 45 DAP and 90 DAP. Examination of interaction between fertility levels × micronutrient fortification × bio-enhancer (L×M×B) revealed that significantly maximum weight of bulb (g), yield per plot (kg) and yield per hectare (q) during both the year of experiment an in pooled data. While, in pooled neck thickness at 90 DAP (cm), Zn and Fe content in bulb (mg/kg), chlorophyll content (a, b and total) in plant at 60 DAP (mg/100g), available S, PLW up to 3 months of storage at ambient condition at monthly interval, marketable bulb at 2nd month and unmarketable bulb at 2nd month were recorded with treatment combination of L1M6B2 (80 % RDF + Zinc + Iron @ 5 kg/ha each + Jeevamrut @ 500 l/ha at sowing, 45 DAP and 90 DAP. Abstract Maximum gross return of ₹ 4,40,010 per hectare, net return of ₹ 3,07,319 per hectare and maximum benefit cost ratio of 3.32 were recorded from the treatment combination of L1M6B2 (80 % RDF + Zinc + Iron @ 5 kg/ha each + Jeevamrut @ 500 l/ha at sowing, 45 DAP and 90 DAP). Based on the results of this study, it can be concluded that the application of 80 per cent RDF along with soil application of Zinc + Iron @ 5 kg/ha each and drenching of jeevamrut at sowing, 45 DAP and 90 DAP was the best in terms of growth, yield, quality parameters and shelf life as well in economic return in rabi onion.ThesisItem Open Access MARKETING ANALYSIS OF BRANDED GHEE INURBANAREASOF BANASKANTHADISTRICT(SARDARKRUSHINAGAR DANTIWADA AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY - SARDARKRUSHINAGAR, 2023-04-18) VIJAY KUMAR KAMRAJBHAI, CHAUDHARY; L. R., DubeyGhee is a type of clarified butter fat that has been produced and utilized in India. It isused in Ayurveda as therapeutic agent and also for religious rituals. It is popular in Indiabecause of its nutritional attributes and characteristic flavor and aroma. It is made from milk,cream, or butter of several animal species. Ghee processing may be achieved by drawing fatfrom milk, cream or butter using direct heat with or without fermentation. The present studywascarriedoutwithanaimtounderstandthesocioeconomicstatusofbrandedGheeconsumersofPalanpurandDeesacity,theirbuyingbehavior,factor saffectingbuyingdecision,preferencesandmarketshareofdifferentbrandedGheecompanies.Forth efulfillment of the study, 120 branded Ghee consumers and 20 dealers were selected throughpurposive multistage random sampling. The analytical tools employed for data analysis andinterpretation were percentages, tabular analysis and various graphical representations. Theresults showed that most of the branded Ghee consumers belonged to business class withannual income ranging from rupees 250000-500000. Highest percentage (75.83%) of brandedGheeconsumersbelongedtograduationandpostgraduationlevelofeducation.Thepatternof occupation of branded Ghee consumers showed that majority of (58.33 %) respondentsbelonged from business class category followed by employee class (36.33%) category. It hasbeen seen that majority of 87.50 per cent respondents purchased 1 liter Ghee. More than2/3rdi.e.,67.00 per cent respondents preferred to purchase buffalo Ghee and 33.00 per centrespondents preferred to purchase cow Ghee. Majority of the respondents liked to consumeBanas (25.83%), Sagar (23.33%), followed by Amul (19.17%), Patanjali (19.17%) brandGhee. The result indicated that 73.33 per cent respondents used to purchase Ghee in themonthly basisand nearabout 35 per cent respondents procuresGheefrom the shoppingmalls.Nearabout75.00percentrespondentsspendmonthlyrupees5001000,20.83percent respondents spend rupees 1000-2000 and 05.00 per cent respondents spend less than 500rupees for purchasing branded Ghee. The result showed that 81.67 per cent respondentsdecrease in purchase of amount Ghee in case of price rise while 11.67 per cent respondents tochange in brand and 06.67 per cent respondents tends to do not do anything in brand. Theresult related to various media of advertising for branded Ghee showed that advertisementthrough retail shop (71.67 %) plays the most influential role in the purchase decision ofbrandedGheeamongtheconsumersfollowedbynewspaper08.33percentand07.50percenttelevi sion and 06.67per cent internet. The result related to expectation of consumers revealed that most of the (96.67%)respondents realized that the branded Ghee fulfill their expectation. The resultsrelated tofactors influencing consumers in purchasing of brandedGheeconcluded that respondentsconsiderbrandimageasthemostimportantparameterwhilepurchasing brandedGhee,followed by Good quality (1st), Health benefit (2nd), Good Color (3rd), Adequate attractivepackaging(4th),Brandname(5th),Selflife(6th)etc.Fromtheresultsrelatedtobrandloyalty,it can be inferred that 79.17 per cent respondents were found very loyal to their respectivebrands and 20.83 per cent respondents were switch over to the other brand Ghee. BrandedGheehasdifferentvariants,whichhelpsconsumerstouseGheeforvariouspurposes.Majori tyofbrandedGheeconsumersi.e.,84.17percentofrespondentsusedbranded Ghee for daily lunch/dinner eating purpose, 07.50 per cent respondents buy formultipurpose, 05.00 per cent for use of lamp of God and only 03.33 per cent prepare sweetsand sweet making productsThe market share of differentGhee companies in the marketstudy revealed that highest share was captured by Banas Ghee 29.17 per cent, followed bySagar Ghee 22.50 per cent, Amul Ghee 19.17 per cent, Patanjali Ghee 16.67 per cent andNestleEverydayGhee12.50percent.Thevariationinthedealer’smarginfordifferentbrandsofG heerevealedthatdealersweregetting08.16percentmarginonSagarGhee, 07.40 per cent on Amul Ghee, 05.84 per cent on Patanjali Ghee, 06.00 per cent margin onNestle everyday company Ghee and 05.26 per cent on BanasGhee.From the study it couldbe suggestedthat, branded Gheecompanies should plan to have sufficient availability ofstock at the time of peak demand period i.e., festive season. In order to increase market share,the branded Ghee companies should conduct surveys to understand consumers expectation toimprove brand penetration. Branded Ghee companies should provide consistent services todealersas this willhelp companies to maintaingood will inthemarket.ThesisItem Open Access ASSESSMENT OF DETERMINANTS IN ADOPTION OF MICRO IRRIGATION SYSTEM BY THE FARMERS OF BANASKANTHA DISTRICT OF GUJARAT STATE(SARDARKRUSHINAGAR DANTIWADA AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY - SARDARKRUSHINAGAR, 2020-10-12) RAVI HASAMUKHBHAI, PRAJAPATI; R. R., PRAJAPATIWater being the important natural and limited resources, its efficient use is the most important criterion for the survival of ever increasing population. However, by adoption of economic water management system, the area under irrigation could be increased. Efficient use of available water has therefore, become extremely important. Rainfall is irregular and uneven in many parts of the country. Gujarat is also facing this situation. Shortage of water has become one of the main problems in Gujarat for farmers. Therefore, efficient use of available water has become extremely important, which can be done through micro irrigation technology. In this context, the micro irrigation system is an important irrigation management technique, which can play pivotal role and is an important contributing factor for increasing production and raise standard of living in farming community. Adoption of micro irrigation system by the farmers is presumed to be influenced by their personal, social-economic, psychological, and communication variables. However, the poor are mostly blamed for being resistant to new technologies without properly assessing the true hindrances for farmers to adopt the proposed technology on the ground. Taking this in view, the present study entitled as “Assessment of Determinants in Adoption of Micro Irrigation System by the Farmers of Banaskantha District of Gujarat State” was planned with the following objectives. Objectives of the study (1) To study the profile of the farmers (2) To measure the extent of adoption of micro irrigation system by the farmers (3) To find out the determinants of adoption of micro irrigation system (4) To identify the constraints faced by the farmers in adoption of micro irrigation system (5) To seek the suggestions from the farmers to overcome the constraints faced by them in adopting micro irrigation system Abstract ii Methodology The present study was undertaken in Banaskantha district of Gujarat state. The study was conducted in Tharad, Deodar and Lakhani talukas and five villages from each taluka were selected at random. Ten farmers were selected randomly from each village which constituted final sample of 150 farmers for the study. Data were collected with the help of pre-tested, structured interview schedule through personal contact to each respondent. The dependent and independent variables were measured with the help of suitable scales and procedures. The multiple regression was calculated to identify the determinants of adoption of micro irrigation system by the farmers with twelve independent variables which were grouped into (i) personal, (ii) socio-economical, (iii) communicational and (iv) psychological variables. The data were collected, coded, tabulated and interpreted in light of the objectives. Major findings (1) Nearly half (50.67 per cent) of the farmers were found in middle age group and two-fifths (38.66 per cent) of the farmers had primary and middle school education. (2) Nearly two-fifths (38.66 per cent) of the farmers were dependent on farming and animal husbandry, more than two-thirds (68.00 per cent) of the farmers had annual income ranging from ₹1,00,000 to ₹5,00,000. Nearly two-fifths (40.67 per cent) of the farmers had 1.00 to 2.00 ha of land holding, little more than two-fifths (43.33 per cent) of the farmers had three family labours and nearly three-fourths (73.33 per cent) of the farmers were using tube-well as an irrigation source. (3) Nearly half (46.67 per cent) of the farmers were having membership in more than one organization and nearly two-thirds (65.33 per cent) of the farmers had medium level of utilization of information sources. (4) Two-thirds (66.67 per cent) of the farmers had medium level of economic motivation, nearly three-fourths (74.67 per cent) of the farmers had medium risk orientation, three-fifths (60.00 per cent) of the farmers had medium perception towards micro irrigation system and little more three-fifths (61.33 per cent) of the farmers had adopted the micro irrigation technologies at medium extent. (5) The independent variables viz., age, land holding, source of irrigation, sources of information, economic motivation and perception towards benefits of micro irrigation system were important determinants of adoption of micro irrigation system. (6) The major constraints perceived by the farmers were; clumsy procedure for getting loan/subsidy, very high maintenance cost, high initial installation cost, non-availability of skilled labour for operating MIS. (7) The major suggestions endorsed by the farmers were; train the farmers about various aspects of micro irrigation system, train the local youth as micro irrigation system technician so that micro irrigation system service centers are made available at local level, provision should be made to purchase subsidized micro irrigation system set directly from open market instead of empanelled dealers so that sales services can be ascertained from the dealers.ThesisItem Open Access ADOPTION OF IMPROVED TOMATO PRODUCTION TECHNOLOGY BY THE GROWERS IN MEHSANA DISTRICT OF GUJARAT STATE(SARDARKRUSHINAGAR DANTIWADA AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY - SARDARKRUSHINAGAR, 2021-09-19) MILAN SURESHBHAI, VORA; D. B., PATELTomato is an important vegetables crop of Gujarat. The tomato is used not only as a vegetable, but also for preparing different vegetable products and its demand will be very high in the time to come. Even with the advancement of improved practices in tomato production, it has been observed that either the same has not reached the field or the farmers are reluctant to use these practices. Their problems regarding the adoption of recommended cultivation practices of tomato production need to be identified and analyzed. It is therefore, worthwhile to investigate, constraints faced by the farmers in adoption of tomato production technology. Keeping this in view, the present study "Adoption of improved tomato production technology by the growers in Mehsana district of Gujarat state" was planned with the following specific objectives. (1) To study the selected characteristics of tomato growers (2) To study the knowledge level about the improved tomato production technology among the tomato growers (3) To study the extent of adoption of improved tomato production technology by the tomato growers (4) To study the association between selected characteristics of tomato growers with their extent of adoption of improved tomato production technology (5) To identify the constraints experienced by the tomato growers in adoption of tomato production technology (6) To seek the suggestions from the tomato growers to overcome the constraint experienced by them adoption of tomato production technology Research methodology Ex-post facto research design was used for the study. Considering the highest tomato grown area first rank Mehsana district in north Gujarat was selected purposively. Mehsana district has ten talukas, among them four talukas viz., Mehsana, Kadi, Vijapur and Jotana were selected randomly for the present study based on higher area under tomato cultivation. Abstract Findings 1. Nearly three-fifth (58.75%) of the tomato growers were in the middle age group. 2. More than one-third (36.26%) of the growers were educated up to high school level followed by 28.12 per cent of them were having education up to middle school level. 3. Two-fifth (40.00%) of tomato growers were having semi-medium size of land holding and 32.50 per cent tomato growers had medium size land holding. 4. More than two third (70.00%) of tomato growers were having small size of area under tomato cultivation. 5. Slightly more than one half (51.87%) of the growers had annual income above <2,00,000. 6. More than two-fifth (41.25%) of the tomato growers were members in one organizations. 7. More than one half (56.25%) of the tomato growers had used flood irrigation method. Only 43.75 per cent of the tomato growers had used drip irrigation method. 8. Nearly two-third (65.63%) of the tomato growers had medium level of utilization of information sources. 9. More than two-third (67.50%) of the tomato growers had medium level of extension participation. 10. Nearly two-third (64.37%) of the tomato growers had medium level of economic motivation. 11. It could be concluded that more than three-fourth (76.87%) of the growers were found in medium category of market orientation. 12. Nearly three-fifth (59.37%) the tomato growers had medium level of knowledge regarding improved tomato production technology. 13. Nearly three-fifth (58.13%) of the tomato growers were having medium extent of adoption of improved tomato production technology. 14. The result of correlation analysis indicated that out of the twelve independent variables, seven variables viz., education, land holding, annual income, area under tomato cultivation, social participation, extension participation, sources of information, economic motivation, market orientation and knowledge were positively and significantly relationship with level of adoption about improved tomato production technology by the growers. 15. The results leads to conclude that fluctuation in market price, high labour charges, absence of storage facilities and high transport cost were the most important constraints faced by the majority of growers in adoption and operation of tomato production technologies. 16. Important suggestions endorsed by the tomato growers were: provision of minimum support price for tomato, government should provide storages facilities nearby villages and timely technical guidance should be provided by village level workers and extension officers.ThesisItem Open Access PROBLEMS AND PROSPECTS OF POMEGRANATE CULTIVATION AS PERCEIVED BY FARMERS OF BANASKANTHA DISTRICT(SARDARKRUSHINAGAR DANTIWADA AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY - SARDARKRUSHINAGAR, 2020-11-14) HARDIK D., DODIYA; V. T., PATELIndia is one of the largest producers of pomegranate in the world. Maharashtra is the leading state in India other important states are Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh and Gujarat. The area under pomegranate cultivation is increasing rapidly in Guajrat and especially in Banaskantha district. It was 210 ha in 2005-06 which was increased to 10951 ha in 2018-19. The farmers are getting more income than any other field crops. Therefore, they are getting prospectus in pomegranate cultivation. However, they are facing several problems. At present pomegranate cultivation in the district is at cross road. Hence, there was a genuine need for systematic analysis of the problems in pomegranate cultivation more over pomegranate is a remunerative food crop in the district and has many prospectus. Therefore, it was felt very essential to know the problems in pomegranate cultivation and their perception regarding prosectus of pomegranate cultivation. Keeping this in view the study entitled “PROBLEMS AND PROSPECTS OF POMEGRANATE CULTIVATION AS PERCEIVED BY FARMERS OF BANASKANTHA DISTRICT” was therefore planned with following specific objectives. Objectives of the study : [1] To study personal, socio-economic, psychological, communicational and situational characteristics of pomegranate growers [2] To find out the technological gap in adoption of pomegranate cultivation practices by the pomegranate growers [3] To recognize the problems experienced by the pomegranate growers in pomegranate cultivation [4] To study the prospects of pomegranate cultivation as perceived by the farmers [5] To seek suggestions from the pomegranate growers to overcome the problems experienced by them in pomegranate cultivation Abstract ii Methodology : The present study was conducted in Banaskantha district of Gujarat state. Lakhani, Tharad and Dhanera talukas were selected purposively as these talukas had more area under pomegranate cultivation. A list of villages under pomegranate cultivation was prepared with number of farmers cultivating farmers. The six villages having more number of farmers were selected purposively. Ten farmers from each selected villages were selected randomly, thus from 18 villages a sample of 180 farmers was drawn for the study. The selected personal, economic, communication and psychological characteristics were studied either with the help of various scales and indices developed by past researcher or by structured schedule. The dependent variables undertaken were technological gap in adoption of recommended pomegranate cultivation practices and problems and prospects of pomegranate cultivation as perceived by pomegranate growers, which were measured by using a pretested developed structured schedule. An interview schedule was developed according to objectives of study and data were collected by arranging personal interview with 180 pomegranate growers of Banaskantha district. The collected data were classified, tabulated in order to make the findings meaningful. A simple ranking technique was applied to measure constraints and suggestions. Major findings : [1] Nearly half of the pomegranate growers belonged to middle age group and were having primary school to middle school level education. Almost all the pomegranate growers had small to medium size of land holding and majority of pomegranate growers had medium orchard size. More than half of the respondents had membership in more than one organization. More than three fourth of the pomegranate growers had annual income above ` 2,00,000/-. Half of the respondents had medium level of risk preference and more than half of them medium level of economic motivation. Nearly two third of the pomegranate growers had favourable attitude towards pomegranate cultivation. With regard to different sources of information, in informal sources progressive farmers were the main source of information. Whereas, in formal sources Krishi Vigyan Kendra was main source of information and in mass media, krushi mahotsav/krushi mela/exhibition was the major sources of information by the respondents for the cultivation of pomegranate. More than half of the respondents had medium level of extension participation and cosmopoliteness. Majority of the respondents were having medium marketing distance. More than half of the respondents using channel-I (producer-commission agent) for marketing of the pomegranate. [2] Majority of pomegranate growers were having medium level technological gap in processing and value addition, integrated disease management, harvesting, sorting, grading, packaging, storage and integrated pest management practices. Abstract iii [3] The major problems faced by pomegranate growers in pomegranate cultivation were fruit spot, fruit rot, wilt, thrips, anar butterfly, high cost of planting material and fertilizer, poor quality water, lack of cold storage chains, problem of market middle man and lack of adequate information about international market. [4] The major prospects regarding the pomegranate cultivation as perceived by the pomegranate growers were high quality tissue culture plants will be available, processing of pomegranate will be started and increase in area of pomegranate cultivation and increase in production of pomegranate. [5] Social participation and distance from market had positive and highly significant relationship with overall technological gap. The independent variables viz., age, area under pomegranate, annual income, risk preference, economic motivation, attitude, source of information, extension participation and cosmopoliteness had negative and highly significant relationship with overall technological gap. [6] The independent variables viz., age, education, annual income, economic motivation, attitude, extension participation and cosmopoliteness had negative and highly significant relationship with problems experienced by pomegranate growers in pomegranate practices. While social participation and distance from market had positive and highly significant relationship with problems experienced by them. [7] Multiple regression analysis indicated that all variables exerted as much as 79.70 per cent of total variation in overall technological gap in adoption of pomegranate cultivation practices. The results of step-wise regression analysis indicated that the total variation in intensity of problems in pomegranate cultivation practices were accounted by a set of twelve variables viz., education, size of land holding, area under pomegranate, social participation, annual income, risk preference, source of information, extension participation, cosmopoliteness, distance from market, marketing channel and attitude. [8] The results of step-wise regression analysis indicated that 89.20 per cent of the total variation in technological gap in pomegranate cultivation practices was accounted by a set of twelve variables viz., marketing channel, risk preference, extension participation, cosmopoliteness, education, attitude, annual income, area under pomegranate, distance from market, source of information, social participation and size of land holding. [9] The major suggestions expressed by pomegranate growers to overcome the constraints faced by the pomegranate growers in adoption of pomegranate production technology were the export of fruits through co-operatives sector should be promoted, provide training for value addition, the co-operative organizations should be established for marketing of pomegranate and rural youth should be trained for bahar treatment.ThesisItem Open Access EFFECT OF ROW SPACING AND VARIETIES ON GROWTH AND YIELD OF LINSEED (Linum usitatissimum L.)(SARDARKRUSHINAGAR DANTIWADA AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY - SARDARKRUSHINAGAR, 2022-12-12) DARSHANKUMAR K., PRAJAPATI; C. K., DESAIA field experiment was conducted at Agronomy Instructional Farm, Chimanbhai Patel College of Agriculture, Sardarkrushinagar Dantiwada Agricultural University, Sardarkrushinagar during rabi season of 2021-22 on “Effect of row spacing and varieties on growth and yield of linseed (Linum usitatissimum L.)”. The soil of the experimental plot was loamy sand in texture, low in available nitrogen (138.56 kg/ha), medium in available phosphorus (44.42 kg/ha) and high in available potassium (281 kg/ha) with slightly alkaline soil with pH of 7.50. There were nine treatment combinations comprising of three row spacings (22.5 cm, 30 cm and 45 cm) and three varieties (Neelam, T 397 and Pusa 3) were tested in a split plot design. Significantly the highest plant population (44.33 and 43.70) was recorded at 30 DAS and at harvest with the row spacing of 22.5 cm (S1). Among spacing treatments, significantly the highest plant height (22.69, 39.65 and 56.64 cm, respectively) at 30, 60 DAS and at harvest was recorded under the row spacing of 22.5 cm (S1). Significantly the highest numbers of branches per plant (7.68), number of capsules per plant (53.44) and test weight (7.07 g) were observed under the row spacing of 45 cm (S3). Linseed sown at narrow row spacing of 22.5 cm (S1) produced significantly the highest seed (1307 kg/ha) and stover yield (2214 kg/ha). The maximum net realization (₹ 43713/ha) and benefit cost ratio (2.01) were recoded under the row spacing of 22.5 cm. Pusa 3 variety recorded significantly the highest plant height of 22.65, 39.66 and 55.52 cm at 30, 60 DAS and at harvest, respectively. Significantly higher number of branches per plant (7.55), number of pods per plant (52.12) and test weight (7.08 g) were recorded with Pusa 3 variety but it was remained at par with T 397 variety. Significantly higher seed yield (1291 kg/ha) was recorded under Pusa 3 variety however it was found at par with variety T 397 (1188 kg/ha). The variety Pusa 3 recorded significantly the highest stover yield (2335 kg/ha). The maximum net realization (₹ 44604/ha) and benefit cost ratio (2.08) were accured with the Pusa 3 variety. Based on the results of one year experimentation, it is concluded that linseed crop should be sown at row spacing of 22.5 cm for securing higher seed yield and net realization on loamy sand. Linseed varieties Pusa 3 and T 397 performed better over Neelam.
