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Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Chennai
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ArticleItem Open Access Effect of 5-amino salicylic acid on oxazolone induced ulcerative colitis in adult zebrafish model(2023) Srinivasan MR; Janani M; Ramasamy T; Madheswaran R; TANUVASUlcerative colitis was induced in adult zebrafi sh using oxazolone and treated with non-steroidal anti-infl ammatory drug, 5-amino salicylic acid (5-ASA). The experiment was conducted into two phases as tolerability and effi cacy studies using one hundred adult zebrafi sh. Tolerability study was conducted to ascertain the maximum tolerable dose of 5-ASA using 30 zebrafi sh. The fi shes were randomly distributed to six groups of fi ve fi sh in each group and duration of the study was eight days. Effi cacy study was conducted to fi nd out the anti-infl ammatory eff ects of 5-ASA in oxazolone induced colitis using 70 zebrafi sh. The fi shes were randomly allocated to seven groups of ten fi sh in each group and duration of the study was six days. Colitis was induced in zebrafi sh by intrarectal administration of oxazolone on the fi rst day. The colitis induced fi shes were treated with 5-ASA through oral route for four consecutive days from 2-5. Fishes were sacrifi ced on day six and intestine of fi ve fi shes from each group was collected for histopathology. The infl ammatory changes in the colonic mucosa like thickening of bowel wall, disruption of mucosal architecture, presence of goblet cells and infi ltration of eosinophils were included for histological scoring. The changes were reversed after treatment with 5-ASA at 2 μg/fi sh and the reversal was not dose dependent in higher doses. Further studies are required to establish the dose response curve for the dose less than 2 μg/fi sh. Hence, this model can be explored as a replacement for ulcerative colitis mouse model to study the effi cacy of the drugs.ArticleItem Open Access Outbreak of duck viral enteritis in the Cauvery delta region of Tamil Nadu(2024) Thilagavathi K; Selvaraj J; Jaisree S, et al.,; TANUVASNecropsy was conducted on three ducks, which were reared in the Cauvery delta region in a fl ock containing 3000 birds and were not vaccinated. Tissue samples like intestine, oesophagus, spleen, kidney and liver were collected for polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and histopathology. Grossly, oral cavity and oesophageal mucosa showed adhesion of diphtheritic membrane. Liver revealed multiple white necrotic foci. Epicardium showed petechial haemorrhages. Intestine mucosa revealed annular band haemorrhage, multiple petechiael haemorrhages, annular band with yellowish diphtheritic adhesion and multiple diphtheritic bu on ulcers of 2-3 mm diameter. PCR showed amplifi cation produces band size at 446 bp using specifi c primer showed positive for duck viral enteritis virus. Histopathologically, intestinal mucosa revealed fi brinous exudate with desquamated epithelial cells, clumps of bacteria and infl ammatory cells. Based on the gross lesions, PCR and histopathological lesions, the present case was confi rmed as duck viral enteritis.ArticleItem Open Access Chronic hyperplastic ingluvitis: Synergistic eff ect of invasive Candida and Trichomonas in a desi chicken(2024) Babu Prasath N; Selvaraj J; Velusamy R; TANUVASA desi chicken fl ock (3 months old) had 2% mortality every week with a history of stunted growth. Birds were supplemented with antibiotics from the fi rst week of hatch. Postmortem examination was carried out on a carcass. Carcass was pale and thin. Crop mucosa was covered with thin, whitish papery layer with sca ered erosions. The mucosa also revealed an irregular corrugated fi rm growth protruding into the lumen. Cytology revealed narrow budding yeasts and numerous fl agellated protozoa. Histologically, crop revealed epithelial hyperplasia with papillary projections. Hyperplastic epithelial layer showed ballooning degeneration of cells and infl ammatory infi ltrations. Histochemistry showed Candida albicans with PAS stain and Trichomonas gallinae with Giemsa stain. C. albicans exhibited yeast and hyphal forms which occupied superfi cial epithelial cells whereas septate hyphae were found penetrating perpendicular to the mucosa. Giemsa stained tissue section showed varying morphology of Trichomonas gallinae in the lamina propria. This study reporting the chronic and combined infection of dimorphic fungi - Candida albicans and protozoal fl agellate Trichomonas gallinae in a desi chicken due to continuous usage of antibiotics.ArticleItem Open Access A rare case of pulmonary paragonimiasis and spirocercosis in a Chippiparai dog(2024) Thilagavathi K; Selvaraj J; Babu Prasath N, et al.,; TANUVASA one-year-old male Chippiparai dog was submi ed for necropsy to the Department of Veterinary pathology, Veterinary College and Research institute, Orathanadu. During necropsy, the gross lesions were observed and required tissue samples were collected for histopathology. Fluke and worms were collected for parasitological identifi cation. Grossly, right lung showed a grey patch and on cut section showed the presence of cavity containing two conical fl ukes. Oesophageal lumen contained spiral worm near the nodule and on section of nodule contained blood mixed exudate. Based on the morphology, the fl uke was identifi ed as Paragonimus sp and worm was identifi ed as Spirocerca lupi. Histopathologically, lung revealed the presence of eggs of Paragonimus sp, chronic bronchitis, immature eggs, mature eggs with miracidium, and giant cell. Based on the gross lesions, morphology and histopathology, the very rare case of combined infection of pulmonary paragonimiasis and spirocercosis in a chippiparai dog is documented.ArticleItem Open Access Microanatomical observation of Trachea in Sheep(2023) Rajathi S; Jayasri K; Achuthanandhan K, et al.,; TANUVASThe aim of the present study was to analyze the microanatomical features of the trachea of sheep. The trachea was collected from the cervical and thoracic regions of six sheep (n=6) from the nearby slaughter and retail outlets. The trachea of sheep is a tubular structure that begins at the cricoid cartilage of the larynx and ends at where it bifurcates to form the principal bronchi, composed of series of incomplete rings that were incomplete dorsally. The small pieces of trachea were collected, fixed and routine histological processing were done. The sections of 5–6 micron thickness were cut and normal and special staining procedures were followed. The histological study showed the trachea was lined by pseudo stratified ciliated columnar epithelium with goblet cells. The wall of trachea consists of mucosa, submucosa, hyaline cartilage and adventitia with huge proportion of tracheal glands. The trachealis muscle was composed of elastic fibers interrupted with smooth fibers.ArticleItem Open Access Histomorphological Features of Colon of Guinea Pig in Postnatal Age Groups(2023) Raja K; Rajathi S; Ushakumary S, et al.,; TANUVASThe present histological study on colon was conducted on different postnatal age groups of guinea pig. The wall of the colon (proximal and distal colon) histologically composed of the four layers namely viz., tunica mucosa, sub mucosa, muscularis and serosa. Tunica mucosa was thrown into mucosal folds. Mean height of the columnar cells in surface epithelium of small and large intestine was found to increase as the age advanced. Similarly, the mean thickness of tunica muscularis of colon was found to be increased as the age advanced. Tunica mucosa was thrown into mucosal folds. Lamina propria was composed of the loose connective tissue with crypts of the Lieberkuhn. Tunica submucosa was made up of more number of collagen and reticular fibres and few elastic fibres in the wall of the blood vessels. Tunica muscularis was lined by the inner circular and outer longitudinal muscular layer. The mean height and width of the mucosal folds and height of the columnar cells, the mean thickness of the tunica submucosa and thickness of the tunica muscularis was increased as the age advanced in all the age groups studied.ArticleItem Open Access Gross and Biometrical observations on the Testis of Indian Mongrel Dogs (Canis Lupus Familiaris)(2023) Kumar K; Kannan TA; Geetha Ramesh, et al.; TANUVASThe present study was undertaken to record the gross and biometrical details of the testes in dogs of prepubertal and post-pubertal age groups. For this, testes were collected from 12 healthy dogs and record the various gross morphological parameters. The testes of dogs were located within the scrotum and appeared oval in shape and reddish white in colour. The long axis of testis was placed dorso-caudal to the long axis of the body. The epididymis was attached to the dorso-lateral surface of the testis. Significant difference was noticed in the weight, length, circumference and the volume of the testes among dogs of prepubertal and post pubertal groups.ArticleItem Open Access Comparative Histological Investigation of Lactating and Non-lactating Mammary gland in Kanni Breed of Goat(2023) Rajathi, S; Aarthi G; Abirami, KB, et al.,; TANUVASThe present research was undertaken on the mammary gland of twelve (n=12) adult kanni goats to investigate the histology of mammary gland in the lactating and non-lactating goats. Kanni goat breed is the tallest goat breed ofTirunelveli and Ramanadhapuram districts ofTamilnadu. The apparently normal mammary glands were collected from the slaughter samples of nearby areas ofTirunelveli and were categorized into two groups namely lactating and non-lactating. The tissue pieces were collected and fixed in 10% neutral buffered formalin and zenker's fluid. Fixed tissue were processed for routine paraffin processing and 4-6 micrometer thick sections were cut and stained with haematoxylin and Eosin method and special staining methods. The mammary gland was compound tubulo-alveolar gland. The secretory unit of the mammary gland consisted of alveoli and alveolar ducts. The simple cuboidal epithelium of alveoli was surrounded by contractile myo-epithelial cells, found between the epithelium and basement membrane. The proportion of interstitial tissue was less and the secretory units were numerous when compared to the non-lactating goats. The alveoli were round to oval in shape in lactating goat with the lumen filled with acidophilic secretory materials. The size of the alveoli was more in the lactating animals when compared to the non-lactating goats. The duct system in the present study oflactating and non-lactating goats was started from the alveoli as small intralobular duct to interlobular duct to lactiferous ducts to lactiferous sinus. The alveoli of the non-lactating goats showed degenerative changes. The lumen of the alveoli and ducts was found occluded. The corpora amylacea was found both in the alveoli and also in interstitial connective tissue of non-lactating goats.ArticleItem Open Access Gross Anatomical Study on the Wing Bones of Green Winged Macaw (Ara Chloropterus)(2023) Violet Beaulah J; Sridevi P; Kannan TA, et al.,; TANUVASGross anatomy of wing bones was studied in three adult Macaw birds. Wing bones of Macaw were comprised of typical pectoral girdle, humerus, radius and ulna, carpo-metacarpus and digits. The present study was aimed to understand the gross anatomy of pectoral limbs of Macaw and also to know how these anatomical features may help in flight adaptations. Typical pectoral girdle was present with scapula, clavicle and coracoid. Humerus was a long pneumatic bone. Radius and ulna were the longest bone in the wing of Macaw. Ulna was thicker than radius and both the bones were almost of equal length. Two carpal bones, radial and ulnar carpal were present. Carpo-metacarpus was a single bone. Three digits were observed. Gross anatomical features of the wing bones in Macaw were similar to that of Psittacidae family.
