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Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Chennai
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ThesisItem Restricted VULNERABILITY OF LIVESTOCK FARMERS TO CLIMATE CHANGE IN TAMIL NADU(2021) OVIYA K; TANUVAS; UMA V; NARMATHA N; ANANDHA PRAKASH SINGH DClimate change is a global phenomenon which affects all livelihood sectors either directly or indirectly. Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change defined climate change is any change in climate over a period of time which comes out as the result of both human and natural actions. Vulnerability is an individual or groups reduced capacity to cope with, resist, and recover from the impacts of a climate change. The indicators of vulnerability are exposure, sensitivity and adaptive capacity of farmers which is used to analyze the livelihood vulnerability level of farmers. Adaptation has the potential to reduce the negative impact and vulnerability of livestock farmers due to changes in climatic conditions. Suitable coping/adaptive mechanism has to be developed to sustain the livestock farmers in farming activities. Hence, location specific study is essential to understand the impact of changing climate on livestock and its adaptation potential. The districts of Tamil Nadu were classified into low, medium and high category based on livestock population by using cumulative square root frequency method. From each category, two median districts were selected. Thus, six districts were selected for the study area. From each selected district, one taluk with lowest and one taluk with highest livestock population were selected for the study. Livestock farmers with 30 years of experience in livestock rearing were considered as sample frame for the study. From each taluk, 10 livestock farmers were randomly selected, thus a total of 120 livestock farmers constituted the respondents for this study.ThesisItem Restricted MARKETING OF SHEEP AND GOAT IN TAMIL NADU - AN ECONOMIC EVALUATION(2021) SEETHA A; TANUVAS; THIRUNAVUKKARASU M; KUMARAVELU N; SENTHILKUMAR SA study was undertaken to evaluate the marketing of sheep and goat in Tamil Nadu, with the objectives to estimate the costs and returns of sheep and goat production, to assess the marketing efficiency in different sheep and goat marketing channels and to identify the constraints in sheep and goat marketing as perceived by the farmers and market functionaries. The data were collected from 120 sheep and goat farmers (30 from each district) and 60 market intermediaries (15 from each district), who were selected by multi-stage random sampling technique from Salem, Tirunelveli, Virudhunagar, Villuppuram districts of Tamil Nadu. The analysis of socio economic profile of sheep and goat farmers showed that most of them were illiterates (78.34 per cent and 70.00 per cent), followed by primary educated (13.33 per cent and 16.67 per cent). Majority of the farmers had goat and sheep farming as their primary occupation with 61.67 per cent. Majority of farmers had below 20 years of experience (83.33 per cent and 41.67 per cent). Nearly 65 percent and 33.33 per cent of the farmers were landless (≤0.5 acres), followed by 26.67 per cent and 30 per cent were marginal farmers (>0.5 to ≤2.5 acres). The investment required for establishing sheep farms constitutes the value of animals (initial stocks), cost of penning and cost of equipment. Among the various components cost of animals (88.95 per cent)major share in total fixed investment. The net return per farm for a year was more in large farms with an overall average net return of ₹2,282.4 per sheep in the study area. The overall return per rupee of investment was found to be 1.72 (Benefit cost ratio).Among the various components, cost of animals (88.57 per cent) major share in total fixed investment in goat farming. The net return per farm for a year was more in large farms with an overall average net return of ₹2,468.70 per goat in the study area. The overall return per rupee of investment was found to be 1.67 (Benefit cost ratio).ThesisItem Restricted TECHNOLOGICAL GAP IN THE ADOPTION OF RECOMMENDED DAIRY PRODUCTION PRACTICES(2021) EYAZHINI P; TANUVAS; MANIVANNAN C; THILAKAR P; SERMA SARAVANA PANDIAN AA study was undertaken in the purposively selected Viluppuram district of Tamil Nadu state to know the profile of the dairy farmers, to determine the extent of technological gap in the adoption of recommended dairy production practices among the dairy farmers, to ascertain the relationship between profile of the dairy farmers and their technological gap in the adoption of recommended dairy production practices and to recognize the constraints faced by the dairy farmers and to seek their suggestions to overcome the same in the adoption of recommended dairy production practices. Out of the nine taluks in Viluppuram district, two taluks namely, Tindivanam and Viluppuram taluks were selected randomly. From each of the taluks selected, five villages were selected randomly, thus a total of 10 villages were selected for the study. From each of the ten villages selected, 10 dairy owning households were selected randomly leading to a total sample size of 100 dairy owning households. Any one adult member who was actively involved in dairy farming was selected as respondent for the study. The data were collected through a structured pre-tested interview schedule and were statistically analyzed and interpreted.ThesisItem Restricted EXPLORATION OF CLIMATE CHANGE EFFECT AND AMELIORATION STRATEGIES IN SALEM BLACK GOAT FARMING SYSTEM(2021) RAMKUMAR C; TANUVAS; NARMATHA; SIVAKUMAR K; SENTHILKUMAR S; UMA VClimate change is a global phenomenon that results in global warming, droughts, flooding and depletion of natural resources and one among the most difficult and complex problems challenging the world. Climate change impacts are more prevalent in developing nations since their agriculture is mainly natural factors. Livestock is an asset of poor and it is highly vulnerable to climatic variabilities and extreme. Goat has been projected as the ideal animal model for climate change because of the various advantages such as high thermo-tolerance, drought resistance, ability to thrive on any pastures and disease resistance under laboratory conditions. Even though it was proved at laboratory conditions, the field level studies are yet to be carried out to find the suitability and cope-up mechanism adapted by the farmers in the farming system. Farmers’ decision to adapt to and cope with climate change depends on their level of knowledge on climate change and how they perceive climate change. The study was carried out in Mettur and Omalur taluks of Salem district; Pennagaram, Palakodu and Harur taluks of Dharmapuri district where the true-to-type Salem Black goats are present. The total sample distributed among taluks were based on proportionate sampling method (Mettur - 104, Omalur - 59, Pennagaram - 45, Palakodu -66 and Harur – 66). Five villages from each taluks having more number of households owning goats were selected. The respondents those who had more than 20 years of goat farming experience were considered for this study. Totally 340 respondents were selected from 25 villages on proportionate random sampling method. Majority of the respondents were in old age group (55.30%), male (63.82%), belonged to most backward community (73.24%), had nuclear family (68.24%), had up to 5 members in their family (90.88%), illiterate (39.12%) and had medium level family education category (42.06%). More than three-fifth (62.65%) of the respondents were marginal farmers, had rain as source of irrigation (42.80%), had cultivated dual purpose crop (37.35%) had goat rearing as primary occupation (51.76%), goat rearing as secondary occupation (47.06%) and had low livestock possession (94.11%).ThesisItem Restricted EMPIRICAL ASSESSMENT OF ADOPTION OF TANUVAS INNOVATIONS(2022) KARTHIKEYAN S; TANUVAS; NARMATHA N; SIVAKUMAR K; KUMARESAN G; UMA VMost of the innovations created by National Agricultural Research Systems (NARS) concerning livestock sector had not reached the farmers field. Perception of researchers and farmers on the appropriateness and usability of livestock innovations vary significantly. Existence of research gap in understanding the role of attributes and limited validation of innovations in farmer field may be the reasons for poor uptake of innovations. Hence, variables related to innovation attributes, economic climate, structural constraints and technology suitability need to be included into the model to increase the predictability of adoption behaviour Ex-post facto research design was adopted for this study. A total of six TANUVAS innovations namely TANUVAS SMART mineral mixture, progesterone impregnated vaginal sponge, ethno veterinary practice for mastitis, Namakkal quail–1, Nandanam chicken-4 and TANUVAS KPM Gold pig were selected. Sampling frame was developed by consulting with the possible stakeholders of the innovations. From the sampling frame, 50 respondents were randomly selected for each innovation. Thus, a total of 300 respondents (50 farmers X 6 innovations) were selected as sample for the present study. Respondents were aware about TANUVAS SMART mineral mixture through veterinary officers (100%) and friends & relatives (100%). More than three-fourth (78%) of the respondents discontinued the adoption of the TANUVAS SMART mineral mixture. Majority of the respondents perceived that the TANUVAS SMART mineral mixture is relatively cheaper (100%), culturally acceptable (100%), cognitively easy (100%), adoptable (100%), relationally independent (70%), trialable (64%) and situationally feasible (58%). However, respondents perceived the technology as scarcely resourceful (100%), labour consuming (100%) time consuming (90%), not observable (84%), meagerly profitable (82%) and lacking multiple use potential (76%). Half of the respondents (50%) had low level of adoption behaviour. Partial budgeting analysis revealed that the net income of the respondents increased was by Rs. 2,217/- per dairy animal per lactation due to the adoption of TANUVAS SMART mineral mixture.ThesisItem Restricted IMPACT OF TANUVAS FRONTLINE EXTENSION SYSTEM IN TAMIL NADU(2022) JOTHILAKSHMI; TANUVAS; NARMATHA N; MOHAN B; AKILA N; SENTHILKUMAR VIn India, livestock sector is one of the important livelihood options for the rural section. Livestock extension along with other services has been playing a crucial role in sustaining livestock associated livelihood. Now, the extension services become more of pluralistic in nature and it is in paradigm change based on the context of farming, content and methods of delivering information. In the backdrop of above and importance of livestock based livelihood necessitates understanding of TANUVAS frontline extension system. Ex-post facto research design was adopted for this study. A sample of 138 beneficiaries and 138 non-beneficiaries of TANUVAS extension centres in Tamil Nadu and 23 TANUVAS extension centres were selected for studying the impact of extension system. All the extension centres of TANUVAS had its own building except Melmaruvathur but cent per cent of the centres had vechicle facility. While 95.65% of the extension centres are functioning with basic permanent infrastructure facilities. Among the existing teaching staff members of the centres during the survey period, 41.66% were specialized in production followed by health (29.16%), extension (20.83%) and basic science (8.34%) subjects. On an average, TANUVAS frontline extension system delivered services to 139310 farmers in a year. Out of this, 66.70% were contacted through individual contact methods and 33.30% were contacted through group methods. More than half (55.65%) of the individual contact method was delivered through office calls followed by telephone calls (35.14%), farm visits (7.72%) and e-mail (1.49%). In addition to this 808 paid farm visits were conducted per annum with an average of 35 farm visits per centre in a year.ThesisItem Restricted IMPACT OF CLIMATE CHANGE ON KANNIADU GOAT FARMING SYSTEM IN TAMIL NADU(2022) SARAVANAN KP; TANUVAS; MANIVANNAN A; SIVAKUMAR T; SAKTHIVEL KM; RAMACHANDRAN MThe world has undergone notable changes due to climate change and India is no exception to it. The indigenous goats are sturdy and disease resistant, but vulnerable due to frequent exposure to harsh environmental conditions. Goat breeding provides a source of income for the vast majority of farmers. Besides, goat-dependent livelihoods are becoming extremely vulnerable as climatic changes worsen. A study on impact of climate change on Kanni Adu goat farming system in Tamil Nadu was undertaken in Virudhunagar, Tirunelveli and Thoothukudi districts of Tamil Nadu to assess the knowledge and perception of goat farmers on climate change; to study the temporal variations in management practices and production of Kanni Adu goat farms; to find out the relationship of production performances with climate variability, management practices and socio-economic factors; and to evaluate the adaptation measures followed by goat farmers. Data from 381 respondents were collected, using a proportionate random sampling approach over 25 villages with a pre-tested interview schedule. The analysis of socio-economic characteristics of the Kanni Adu goat farmers revealed that an overwhelming majority of respondents (98.43%) had not migrated to other places for employment, 96.85% had not attended any training programmes, 95.01% had low exposure to the mass media, 91.34% had low social participation and 88.45% were belonged to nuclear families. Further, more than two-thirds of respondents (76.64%) had medium level of credit orientation, 76.71% had medium annual income, 72.70% had minimum flock size of 15 goats, 73.75% were male, 66.67% belonged to the BC community and 64.04% reared only Kanni Adu goats. Besides, more than half of the respondents (57.48%) were elderly farmers, 52.49% had veterinary facilities within 5 km radius, 52.49% were landless, 51.18% had goat rearing as the primary occupation and 50.39% had a medium level of market orientation. In addition to the above, more than two-fifths of respondents (47.77%) were aware of climate change from their personal experiences, 44.36% had high economic motivation, 44.09% were illiterates and 44.36% had 15 years of farming experience.ThesisItem Restricted A STUDY ON ENTREPRENEURIAL INTENTION AMONG THE UNDERGRADUATE STUDENTS OF TANUVAS(2018) Momin, Pialy W.; Manivannan, A; Nisha, PR; Thilakar, P; Senthilkumar, G; TANUVASThe present study was undertaken to determine the entrepreneurial attitude, entrepreneurial intention and willingness to start enterprise among the undergraduate students of TANUVAS. It also aims to determine the factors influencing the entrepreneurial intention among the undergraduate students of TANUVAS. The present research work was carried out in all the six constituent colleges of TANUVAS with the sample size of 300 final year students. The data were collected from the students personally by the researcher by constructing a well-structured and pre-tested questionnaire. The results revealed that majority of both B.V.Sc & A.H and B. Tech. (Food/Dairy and Poultry Technology) students belonged to the age group of 21-22 years and majority of them were male among B.V.Sc & A.H. students. Majority of both B.V.Sc & A.H and B. Tech. (Food/Dairy and Poultry Technology) students hailed from rural back ground with family size up to five members and belonged to BC community. Two-fifths of B.V.Sc & A.H students’ fathers were engaged in agriculture/A.H related activities and B. Tech. (Food/Dairy/Poultry Technology) students’ fathers were employed in government jobs. Majority of B.V.Sc & A.H students had an annual family income of less than Rs. 1 lakh and in contrast one-third of B. Tech. (Food/Dairy/Poultry Technology) students had an annual family income of more than four lakhs. Majority of both B.V.Sc & A.H and B. Tech. (Food/Dairy/Poultry Technology) did not have any family entrepreneurial background. Both B.V.Sc & A.H and B. Tech. (Food/Dairy/Poultry Technology) students had similar levels of information seeking behaviour, achievement motivation, economic motivation, risk orientation and self-confidence with majority in medium level category. Becoming a poultry/dairy/food industry based entrepreneur was ranked fourth and fifth by B.V.Sc & A.H and B. Tech. (Food/Dairy/Poultry Technology) students, respectively. B.V.Sc & A.H students had low to medium level of knowledge on entrepreneurship whereas B. Tech. (Food/Dairy/Poultry Technology) students had medium to high level of knowledge on entrepreneurship.ThesisItem Open Access IMPACT OF FMD AND MASTITIS ON LIVELIHOODS OF CATTLE OWNERS IN TAMIL NADU(TANUVAS, 2016) Tamizhkumaran, J; Sudeepkumar, NK; Tensingh Gnanaraj, P; Prabu, M; TANUVASLivestock sector and animal production contribute significantly to the world economy, provide income, food security, high quality animal protein and manure. The sector generates livelihood for one billion poor in the world. Furthermore, livestock continues to be a potential pathway to alleviate poverty for rural producers and constitute a means of investment.
