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Professor Jayashankar Telangana State Agricultural University, Hyderabad (Telangana State)
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ThesisItem Open Access PHOSPHORUS FERTILIZER REQUIREMENT AND USE EFFICIENCY IN RICE BASED CROPPING SYSTEMS ON P- ACCUMULATED SOIL(ACHARYA N. G. RANGA AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY, RAJENDRANAGAR, HYDERABAD, 2014) SRINIVAS, A; Surendra Babu, PThe present investigation entitled “Phosphorus fertilizer requirement and use efficiency in rice based cropping systems on P- accumulated soil“ was carried out to determine the (i) Extent of occurrence of high P soils in selected locations of the erstwhile Andhra Pradesh state (ii) Status of P fractions and fixation characteristics of selected high P soils (iii) P-availability pattern in high P soils and (iv) Phosphorus fertilizer requirement and use efficiency in rice-rice and rice-sunflower cropping systems in a high P soil. In order to fulfill the objectives of the investigation, survey for recording occurrence of high-P soils in selected mandals of 3 districts of erstwhile Andhra Pradesh was carried out. For the selected soils of these three locations (three each from 3 locations), P-fixation, P-fractions and availability of P with different rates of its application was studied under laboratory conditions. Field experiment was conducted at college farm of ANGRAU, Hyderabad on a high-P soil (P2O5 of 126 kg ha-1) during 2009-10 and 2010-11. P32 isotope was employed in incubation and field experiments. Survey carried out in Varni mandal of Nizamabad district, Mangalagiri mandal of Guntur district and Velugodu mandal of Kurnool district revealed that the occurrence of high-P soils in these mandals are 98, 71 and 77 percentages, respectively. The P-fixation characteristics of the selected soils in Varni mandal of Nizamabad district revealed that the P-fixation capacity of these soils decreased slightly with the increasing soil P- fertility.The P-fractions, namely, saloid-P, Al- P, Fe-P, red-P and Ca-P of the selected nine soils of these locations ranged from 12.58 to 14.27, 31.63 to 32.63, 28.97 to 30.78, 19.97 to 21.40 and 107.02 to 110.74 mg kg-1, respectively. There was an increased availability of Olsen’s extractable P2O5 by 27, 36 and 32 per cent, when 100 % RDP was supplied to these selected location soils and upon comparing with control.The extent of increase in available P2O5 was from 45 to 65 kg with 44 per cent enhancement in C-1 category, further 31 per cent enhancement in C-2 category from 89 to 117 kg and 27 % from 126 to 160 kg P2O5 ha -1 in C-3 category. The per cent Pdff increased in all location soils increased with the increase in DAI. Within each location soils, the per cent Pdff decreased with increasing initial P fertility level. The per cent recovery of applied P was higher in Velugodu soils (52 %) followed by Mangalagiri soils (50 %) and Varni soils (39 %) when comparison was made on one to one basis among soils of each location in between 25 to 100 % RDP application. Application of P during kharif to rice crop either in the rice-rice system or ricesunflower system indicated that the grain yield of paddy during kharif remained similar due to application of either 100 or 75 % RDP. In case of rice-rice system, the grain yield was in the range of 5668 to 5775 kg ha-1 due to application of P @ 75 to 100 % RDP. The paddy grain yield also remained at par due to these treatments in pooled kharif rice data of rice-sunflower system.The straw yield, like grain, registered similar value when P was applied to kharif rice @ either 75 or 100 per cent RDP and it was in the range of 5908 to 6090 in rice-rice system and 5655 to 5849 kg in rice-sunflower system. The rabi paddy grain yield, after kharif rice, was significantly affected by fresh rabiP application. However, P applied @ 75 and100 % RDP of rabi dose registered similar yields of 5654 and 5760 kg ha-1. Similarly, the straw yield was also recorded at par (5915 and 6140 kg h- 1) due to 75 and 100 % rabi RDP application. Decreasing of rabi RDP to 50 per cent significantly reduced the yield of both grain and straw of rabi rice. The kharif residual effect of applied P in the rabi was also found to affect the grain and straw yield of rabi rice. The grain and straw yields decreased from 5876 to 5130 and 6319 to 5361 kg ha-1, respectively, as the rate of P application in the earlier kharif got decreased from 100 to 25 per cent. The quantities of P applied @ 100 or 75 % RDP of kharif dose in conjunction with 100 or 75 % RDP applied in rabi resulted is similar yield of paddy grain in the range of 5916 -5973 kg ha-1 and straw yield of 6230 - 6673 kg ha-1. These observations indicated that the best option could be to apply 75 % of RDP each, for both kharif andrabirice crop in rice-rice system raised on a high P soil without sacrificing the yields. The per cent Pdff of the rice dry matter in kharifdecreased from 25.29 to 16.62 in ricerice system and from 26.22 to 16.20 per cent in rice-sunflower system as the rate of P application to the crop was reduced from 100 to 25 % RDP. The fertilizer P uptake on the other hand, increased with the incremental rates of P application up to 100 % RDP. The per cent P utilization by kharif paddy dry matter was almost 70 per cent higher due to 25 % RDP application, when compared to 100 % RDP in this High -P experimental soil. The soil P uptake remained in the range of 13.8 to 16.91 kg ha-1 across different treatments of kharif rice dry matter in both the systems. The per cent Pdff of rabi paddy dry matter (after kharif rice) was found to be decreasing from 27.52 to 19.84 and from 23.12 to 22.25 as the rate of P application made in rabi and earlier kharif reduced, respectively. The fertilizer P uptake of rabi rice dry matter was found to be higher when the crop received the combined dose of 75 or 100 % RDP of both the seasons (5.27 to 5.60 kg ha-1). The per cent P utilized by the rabi rice crop remained higher with the lower rates of P application of either rabi or previous kharif rates. It decreased from 36.01 to 20.13 per cent due to rabi treatments and 29.24 to 25.31 % due to residual kharif treatments, upon reduced rates of P application. The post harvest soil analysis after kharif and after rabi in rice-rice system indicated that there is not much build up in available P2O5 due to P application to this already high P soil. Application of fresh phosphorus levels during rabi to sunflower crop after preceding kharif rice revealed that the sunflower seed yield was similar (1616 or 1566 kg ha-1) irrespective of 100 or 75 % RDP application. The stalk yields of sunflower also resulted in similar trend in this high P soil. The cumulative studies indicated that the seed / stalk yield of sunflower was at par due to P application @ 100 % RDP of rabi + 100 % RDP of kharif or 75 % each of kharif and rabi doses. Thus, it is concluded that an amount of 25 % RDP each in kharif rice and rabi sunflower can be reduced to obtain similar yields like that of 100% RDP in each season in rice - sunflower system on a P-accumulated soil. The freshly applied rabi P to sunflower crop decreased the per cent Pdff of its dry matter at bud initiation stage in High - P soil from 25.8 to 22.1. The residual effect of kharif treatments indicated that the per cent Pdff decreased drastically from 27.3 to 20.3 per cent as the rates of P applied in preceding kharif rice decreased from 100 to 25 % RDP. The per cent Pdff was highest due to cumulative effect of 100 % RDP of both the seasons (29.3 %). This was found to be on par due to the cumulative effect of 100 % RDP of rabi + 75 % RDP of kharif (27.1 %) or 75 % RDP of rabi + 100 % RDP of kharif (27.3 %). The per cent P utilization of applied P by rabi sunflower decreased from 9.5 to 6.7% with the increment of rabi P application and got reduced from 10.5 to 5.8 per cent as the plots that received P in the earlier kharif got reduced from 100 to 25 per cent. The soil P uptake by sunflower during rabi registered lower values with reduced P application of rabi dose as well as earlier kharif doses employed in rice (5.38 to 4.09 kg ha-1). Post harvest soil analysis after kharif rice as well as after entire cropping system of rice – sunflower system did not result in any build up in available P2O5 as the duration of sequence is one year and the P applied to crops are either RDP or lower levels. In the entire rice-rice cropping system raised on a high P soil, the total paddy grain yield obtained due to 100 % RDP application during both the seasons (a total of 120 kg P2O5 ha-1) was found to be 11.42 tonsha-1yr-1of grain and 12.05 tha-1yr-1 of straw. Similarly, reduced P application (i.e. 75 % RDP in each season totaling to 90 kg P2O5 ha-1yr-1) also helped in realizing similar grain yield of 11.45 t ha-1yr-1. The P removal by both the crops in rice-rice system was to an extent of 40.15 kg ha-1 (grains) and 16.80 kg ha-1(straw) when 100 % RDP was applied to both the crops of the sequence. Removal of P to an extent of 39.09kg ha-1 by grain and 16.80kg ha-1 by straw was also observed in this high P soil when P was applied at the reduced rate of 75 % RDP to each crop of system. The per cent P utilization by the entire cropping system revealed that application of 75 % RDP to each crop in the sequence resulted in better utilization of applied P to a tune of 26 per cent when compared to 22 % that was realized due to 100 % RDP application to each crop. It was observed that the rice equivalent of 10280 kg paddy grain ha-1yr-1was obtained when P was applied at the full rate of 100 % RDP in both the seasons in the entire ricesunflower cropping system. Almost, similar rice equivalent yield of 10227 kg ha-1yr-1of paddy grain was obtained even when 75% RDP was applied to each crop of rice - sunflower system. The total P removal by paddy grain and sunflower seed was 26.12 and 25.88 kg ha-1, respectively, due to 100% or 75% RDP application to both the crops. The per cent P utilization by both the crops in the entire system was 14.5 when 100% RDP was applied to both the crops and slightly higher at 17.2 per cent even when RDP is reduced by 25% in rice and sunflower crops of rice – sunflower cropping sequence on a high P soil.ThesisItem Open Access CONSTRAINT ANALYSIS OF SOILS IN SOME PARTS OF PRAKASAM DISTRICT AND THEIR SUITABILITY FOR MAJOR CROPS(ACHARYA N. G. RANGA AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY, RAJENDRANAGAR, HYDERABAD, 2014) CHANDRA SEKHAR, CH; BALAGURAVAIAH, DThe present investigation involves " Constriant analysis of soils in some parts of Prakasam district and their suitability for major crops ". For this, thirty typical pedons from the study area in Prakasam district were studied for physical, physico-chemical and chemical properties and their constraints for crop production and suitability for major crops of the area. The area is characterized by semi-arid monsoonic climate with distinct summer, winter and rainy seasons. The pedons (P2, P3, P9, P10, P11, P12, P14, P15, P18, P20, P21, P22, P24, P25, P26, P28 and P30) occurred in plains whereas other pedons (P1, P4, P5, P6, P7, P8, P13, P16, P17, P19, P23, P27 and P29) were located in uplands. The pedons in the study area had their genesis from granite-gneiss barring P2, P17, P21 and P26 (alluvium) and P24 and P25 (sandstone). The morphological features indicated the presence of AC/AR (P2, P4, P8, P11, P17, P19 and P25) and ABC/ABR (P1, P3, P5, P6, P7, P9, P10, P12, P13, P14, P15, P16, P18, P20, P21, P22, P23, P24, P26, P27, P28, P29 and P30) profiles. The soils were shallow to very deep, dark yellowish brown to reddish brown in colour, sand to clay (in horizons of different pedons) in texture and had varied structure including single grain, sub-angular blocky and angular blocky. The clay content increased with depth in P4, P5, P6, P7, P8, P9, P10, P13, P15, P16, P18, P19, P20, P22, P23, P24, P25, P26, P28, P29 and P30 and a decreasing trend was observed in P11, P12 and P17. However, remaining pedons did not show any specific trend with depth. Physical constants like water holding capacity and volume expansion followed the trend of clay content. Most of the pedons exhibited more or less an increasing trend in bulk density with depth. These soils were near neutral to very strongly alkaline in reaction (6.02 to 10.48), non-saline (0.01 to 1.54 dS m-1) and low to medium in organic carbon (0.01 to 0.72 per cent). These soils had CaCO3 ranging from 4.57 to 18.58 per cent in different horizons. The CEC varied from 3.48 to 53.85 cmol (p+) kg-1 soil and dominated by Ca+2 followed by Mg+2, Na+ and K+. The soils were low in available nitrogen (63 to 251 kg ha-1), low to high in available phosphorus (5.29 to 44.45 kg ha-1) and potassium (53 to 862 kg ha-1) and high in available sulphur (8.15 to 31.32 mg kg-1) except in the Bw2 horizon of P9, 2A1 and 2A2 horizons of P11, Bw1 and Bw2 horizons of P12, 4Bw2 horizon of P20 and Bw2 horizon of P29. The available zinc was deficient in P3, P5, P7, P10, P11, P12, P15, P16, P17, P18, P19, P20, P21, P22, P24, P28 and P30, sufficient in P4, P6, P8, P23, P25 and P26 and others exhibited deficiency in some horizons. The soils were sufficient in available iron (except P23, P26 and P28), copper (except Bss3 and 3A3 horizons of P3 and P17, respectively) and manganese. Smectitic clay mineralogy was observed in P1, P3, P4, P6, P7, P8, P9, P10, P12, P14, P15, P16, P18, P19, P20, P21, P22, P23, P24, P25, P26, P27, P28 and P30 whereas P5, P13 and P29 had mixed clay mineralogy. However, P2, P11 and P17 exhibited siliceous mineralogy. Based on morphological, physical, physico-chemical, mineralogical and meteorological data, the soils in the study area of Prakasam district were classified as Fine, smectitic, isohyperthermic Typic Haplustept (P1, P7, P9, P15, P16, P18, P20, P23, P27 and P30); Sandy, siliceous, isohyperthermic Typic Ustipsamment (P2); Fine, smectitic, isohyperthermic Typic Haplustert (P3, P14, P21, P26 and P28); Fine-loamy, smectitic, isohyperthermic Lithic Ustorthent (P4 and P8); Fine, mixed, isohyperthermic Typic Haplustept (P5, P13 and P29); Fine-loamy, smectitic, isohyperthermic Typic Haplustept (P6, and P12); Fine-loamy, smectitic, isohyperthermic Typic Haplustept (P22); Sandy, siliceous, isohyperthermic Typic Ustorthent (P11 and P17); Fine-loamy, smectitic, isohyperthermic Typic Ustorthent (P19 and P25); Fine, smectitic, isohyperthermic Lithic Haplustept (P10 and P24). The soil-site suitability evaluation indicated that P2, P9, P12, P13, P14, P15, P18, P19, P20, P21, P23, P24, P26, P27, P28 and P29 were marginally suitable (S3) and P1, P3, P5 and P17 were temporarily not suitable (N1) for rice. P7, P11, P21, P26, P27 and P28 were moderately suitable (S2), P2, P6, P9, P10, P12, P13, P14, P15, P16, P18, P19, P22, P23, P24, P25 and P29 were marginally suitable (S3) and P1, P3 and P17 were temporarily not suitable (N1) for cotton. P2, P6, P7, P9, P10, P11, P12, P14, P15, P16, P18, P21, P22, P23, P24, P25, P26, P27 and P28 were marginally suitable (S3) and P1, P3, P17 and P29 were temporarily not suitable (N1) for chickpea. P4, P9, P11, P12, P24 and P27 were marginally suitable (S3) and P1, P2, P3, P6, P7, P8, P10, P13, P14, P15, P16, P17, P18, P19, P21, P22, P23, P25, P26, P28 and P29 were temporarily not suitable (N1) for tobacco. P14, P21 and P26 were highly suitable (S1), P4, P6, P7, P8, P9, P10, P11, P12, P13, P15, P16, P18, P19, P22, P23, P24, P25, P27 and P28 were moderately suitable (S2), P2 was marginally suitable (S3) and P1, P3, P17 and P29 were temporarily not suitable (N1) for sorghum. The constraint analysis in the study area indicated physical (soil depth, drainage / wetness and texture), physico-chemical (low organic carbon content, high pH, CaCO3 content and alkalinity) and nutritional (available nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, zinc and iron) constraints. Remedial measures were suggested to overcome above constraints for sustaining soil fertility as well as productivity.ThesisItem Open Access CHANGES IN SOIL QUALITY, CROP PRODUCTIVITY AND SUSTAINABILITY IN RICE-RICE CROPPING SYSTEM UNDER LONG TERM FERTILIZER EXPERIMENTS(ACHARYA N. G. RANGA AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY. RAJENDRANAGAR, HYDERABAD, 2014) SRILATHA, M; CHANDRASEKHAR RAO, PA field experiment entitled “Changes in soil quality, crop productivity and sustainability in rice – rice cropping system under long term fertilizer experiments " was laid out in a field laid out in randomized block design with twelve treatments and four replications during kharif and rabi 2010 -11 and 2011-12, at Regional Agricultural Research Station (RARS), Polasa, Jagtial, District Karimnagar, Andhra Pradesh in an Inceptisol (Ustochrept). The soil was slightly alkaline, non saline, high in organic carbon (0.79%) low in available nitrogen (107.6 kg ha-1), medium in phosphorus (19.6 kg P ha-1) and high in potassium (364 kg K ha-1) while sulphur and micro nutrients were above critical levels. This experiment is a part of the ongoing experiments on All India Coordinated Research Project on Long Term Fertilizer Experiment initiated at RARS, Polasa, Jagtial during kharif 2000-01. The treatments comprised of T1- 50%NPK, T2- 100%NPK (120-60-40 kg NPK ha-1),T3- 150%NPK, T4- 100% NPK +Hand weeding (HW), T5 - 100% NPK + ZnSo4 @10 kg ha-1( in kharif), T6-100% NP, T7-100% N, T8- 100% NPK +Farmyard manure@ 10 t ha-1(in kharif season only), T9- 100% NPK-S, T10- FYM @ 10t ha-1(in both kharif and rabi seasons), T11- absolute control (No fertilizer and no manure) and T12- Fallow . The soil quality parameters were assessed by analyzing the post harvest soil for physico-chemical, chemical and biological properties with special reference to monitor the changes in soil enzyme activity during crop growth. The influence of long term fertilizer and manure application was evaluated for soil biological health by assaying soil urease, dehydrogenase and acid and alkaline phosphatase activities. Straw and grain samples were analysed for their nutrient concentration with respect to N, P and K at harvest and nutrient uptake was computed. The results of the experiment showed that the performance of rice crop improved significantly with integrated use of FYM along with recommended dose of fertilizers (120- 60-40 kg NPK +FYM @ 10 t ha-1) through inorganic fertilizers. Increase in levels of fertilizer dose caused a marginal non significant change in pH. The electrical conductivity of the soil decreased from initial value i.e.at the beginning (kharif 2000-01) 0.47 d S m-1 in all the treatments. The organic carbon increased from the initial (0.79%). Among the treatments application of FM @ 10 t ha-1(1.07%) and 100% NPK+FYM (1.05%) recorded significantly higher organic carbon content. Organic carbon increased by 32.9 and 35.4 per cent in T8 (100 % NPK+FYM) and T10 (FYM) respectively over initial value. Among the treatments, higher values of available nitrogen content were recorded with application of FYM @ 10 t ha-1 (229 kg ha-1), 150 % NPK (216 kg ha-1), and 100 % NPK + FYM (213 kg ha-1) which were statistically on par with each other. There was an increase of 32.9 % in available nitrogen with the treatment receiving 100 % NPK +FYM over control. Available phosphorus increased from 19.6 kg ha-1 (initial level) to a significantly higher available P status with application of 100 % NPK+FYM (41.7 kg P ha- 1) which was 112 % higher over control. Higher available potassium content was observed (350 kg K ha-1) when 150%NPK was applied. The ammoniacal nitrogen content varied from 34.4 to 66.3 mg kg-1 in post harvest soils of rabi rice (pooled mean for two years). Highest ammoniacal nitrogen content (66.3 mg kg-1) was recorded in the treatment receiving 100 % NPK + FYM. The nitrate nitrogen content varied from 21.9 to 57.4 mg kg-1 in post harvest soils of rabi rice (pooled mean for two years). Highest nitrate nitrogen content (57.4 mg kg-1) was recorded in the treatment receiving 100 % NPK + FYM while the lowest was recorded with control (21.9 mg kg-1). Among the inorganic nitrogen fractions, ammoniacal nitrogen fraction forms were higher compared to nitrate nitrogen forms in post harvest soils of rabi rice. The fractions of inorganic – P viz., saloid, Al – P, Fe – P and Ca – P were significantly higher in the treatment 100 % NPK + FYM with corresponding values of 7.0, 104, 44.2 and 447.6 mg kg-1. The lowest saloid, and Fe – P were observed in 100 % N with corresponding values of 3.7 and 23.9 mg kg-1, while Al – P and Ca – P were recorded in control with corresponding values of 39.6 and 199.9 mg kg-1 respectively. Water soluble potassium in post harvest soils of rice varied from 27.8 (100% N) to 41.6 mg kg-1 (100 % NPK + FYM). Exchangeable – K content varied from 34.4 (control) to 67.0 mg kg-1 (100 % NPK + FYM). There was an increase in available potassium to the extent of 34 percent due to the combined application of 100 % NPK and FYM. The values of HNO3 extractable –K varied from 637.3 (100 % N) to 942.5 mg kg-1(100 % NPK + FYM). Urease activity (mg NH4 + released g-1 soil h-1) increased with increase in crop age and exhibited maximum at flowering stage and thereafter activity decreased gradually towards maturity and stabilized at harvest. During kharif season high urease activity of 4.31 (at 30 DAT), 8.52 (at 60DAT), 3.97 (90 DAT) and 3.30 (at harvest) and 3.46 (at 30 DT), 8.56 (at 60DAT), 6.54 (90 DAT) and 2.77 (at harvest) during rabi was recorded with the treatment 100%NPK + FYM (pooled mean of two years). Dehydrogenase activity (mg TPF produced g-1 soil d-1) increased with increase in age of the crop and exhibited maximum at flowering and thereafter activity decreased gradually towards maturity and stabilized at harvest. During kharif high dehydrogenase activity of 2.42 (at 30 DT), 4.69 (at 60DAT), 3.66 (90 DAT) and 2.60 (at harvest) and 3.11 (at 30 DT), 7.62 (at 60DAT), 5.78 (90 DAT) and 2.63 (at harvest) during rabi were observed with 100%NPK + FYM (pooled mean of two years). Acid and alkaline phosphatase activities (μg PNP released g-1 soil h-1) (pooled mean values for two years) increased with increase in age of the crop and exhibited maximum at flowering and there after activity decreased gradually towards maturity and at harvest. During kharif season high acid phosphatase activity of 93.9, 127.6, 113.9 and 78.8 during kharif and 120.6, 206.1, 138.7 and 100.5 during rabi was recorded at 30, 60, 90 DAT and at harvest respectively with T8 (100% NPK+FYM). Alkaline phosphatase activity also was higher in T3 (150%NPK) with corresponding values of 105.6, 135.6, 121.9 and 89.2 during kharif season and 126.1, 177.4, 151.4 and 109.4 during rabi was recorded at 30, 60, 90 DAT and at harvest respectively. Significantly higher humic and fulvic acid contents of 0.51 and 0.33 per cent were recorded with application of 100% NPK+ FYM while lowest in 100%N (0.35 and 0.24 per cent) respectively . Fulvic acid extracted from the treatment receiving 100%NPK recorded higher total acidity (12.3 me g-1), carboxylic (7.8 me g-1) and phenolic –OH (4.5 me g-1) groups than the corresponding humic acid total acidity (9.4 me g-1), carboxylic (5.8 me g-1) and phenolic –OH (3.6 me g-1) respectively while lowest values were observed in fulvic (9.8 , 6.2 and 3.6 me g-1) and humic acid (7.7, 4.8 and 2.9 me g-1) extracted from control plot respectively. The per cent contribution of carboxyl groups towards total acidity of fulvic acid (63.4) was higher than the corresponding humic acid (61.7) but reverse trend was observed in case of phenolic-OH groups. Application of N, P and K either alone or in combination recorded significantly higher N uptake over control and total N uptake increased progressively with increased level of NPK application. Nitrogen uptake significantly increased with increase in level of NPK from 50 to 150 %. During kharif (pooled values of two years) higher nitrogen uptake by crop was observed in 100 % NPK +Hand weeding (141.7 kg ha-1) which was on par with T3 (150%NPK) , T5 (100%NPK+Zn) and T9 (100%NPK- S) while lowest in control (66.1 kg ha-1). During rabi (pooled mean values for two years) higher nitrogen uptake by crop was observed in 150 % NPK (135.2 kg ha-1) and lowest in control (66.1 kg ha-1). During kharif (pooled values of two years), the highest P uptake was obtained in the treatment receiving 150 % NPK (37.19 kg ha-1). Phosphorus uptake increased (pooled values of two years) with increase in level of NPK fertilizer. The increase was to the extent of 77.5, 85.8 and 89.4 % with 50%, 100% and 150% NPK over control during kharif respectively. During rabi season (pooled values of two years), the highest P uptake was observed in 150%NPK (22.93 kg ha-1) treatment which was on par with 100%NPK+FYM (21.17 kg ha-1) . The increase P uptake with increase in level of NPK fertilizer was58.9, 92.3 and 128.3 % with 50%, 100% and 150% NPK over control during rabi season respectively. Similar increase was also obtained with respect to potassium uptake during both seasons. Application of 100 % NPK + FYM @ 10 t ha-1 resulted in grain yield of 68.8 and 55.8 q ha-1 which were comparable with 150% NPK (71.73 and 61.06 q ha-1) during kharif and rabi respectively. Individual application of nitrogen alone resulted in 18.3 and 23.1 per cent reduced yields as against 100 % NPK in kharif and rabi respectively. From the results obtained of long term fertilizer experiment it could further be concluded that the conjunctive use of organic manure along with recommended dose of fertilizers (100%NPK + FYM) results in consistently higher yields thus, indicating this particular treatment is the best for recommendation to the farmer for sustained productivity and improved soil quality.