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Professor Jayashankar Telangana State Agricultural University, Hyderabad (Telangana State)

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Thesis Type: Ph.D × Subject: Fish Nutrition ×
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Dietary Factors Contributing to Iodine Deficiency Disorders and Effect of Supplementation
    (Professor Jayashankar Telangana State Agricultural University, 1998) Anuradha, M.; Uma Reddy, M.
    Staplefood and drinkingwatersamples fromfourregionsofAndhraPradeshselectedbasedonsoiltypes,wereanalysed foriodinecontentinordertoidentifyan Iodinedeficientareaforconductingthepresent study. Zaheerabad Mandal ofMedak districtwasselected,astheiodinecontentwasfoundtobelowestinsamplescollected fromthisregion, in comparison withtheotherthreeregions, namely, Lam(Guntur), Chipurupalli(Vijayanagaram),andNagari(Chittoor). FourremotevillagesinZaheerabadwereselectedandtheentirepopulationwasscreened for clinical symptoms of iodine de ficiency. Diet surveys in individualhouseholds wereconductedto assess the nutritional intake with special reference toiodine intake. All the drinking water samples of the four villages and commonlyconsumed foodsamplesfromselectedhouseholdswereanalysedforiodinecontentandgoitrogenic substances (thiocyanates). Based on results obtained, Zaheerabad was identifiedasa“new”regionendemicforiodinedeficiencyasthetotalgoiterrateinall fourvillageswasfoundtobemorethan5%. Iodinedeficiencydisorders(lDD)were prevalentwith“moderate”intensitybutnotof“mild”or“severe”nature.Allsymptoms ofdeficiency were prevalent inalmost alltheagegroupsofthepopulation studied. Schoolgoingchildrenbetween6-14yearswerefoundtobemostproneto[DDFemales inallagegroupswereaffectedtoasignificantlygreaterdegreethanmales.Foodand drinkingwateranalysesrevealedthatIDDinthisregionwasmainlyduetolowiodine levelsinthesoilandnotduetothepresenceofthiocyanates. ' Asmallsub-sampleof30schoolgoingchildren wereselectedforanintensivestudyincludingsupplementation.Thesubjectswereexaminedforclinicalsymptomsof iodine deficiency and their serum samples were analysed for the presence of thiocyanates.Effectofsupplementationofiodisedsaltforthreemonthsattwodoselevels based on the extent ofdeficiency was evaluated. Parameters recorded were clinical symptoms,urinaryiodinelevels,anthropometricmeasurements(height,weightandmidarmcircumference)andserumthyroxinelevels, Clinicalmanifestationswerepresentin all children but goitrogenic thiocyanates were not detected in serum samples. All children recorded low urinary iodine indicating moderate iodine deficiency. Height, WeightandMid-armcircumferencewerefoundtobesignificantlylower(p<0.1)than NCH/WHO “standards prescribed. However, 50% of the children exhibited serum thyroxinevaluesinthe“Normal”range,butlower(p<0.05)thanthoseofnormalchildren innon-endemicHyderabadaswellasendemicZaheerabad.Supplementationofiodineat 30ppmlevelaffectedasignificantimprovement(p<0.l)inurinaryiodinelevelsand serumthyroxine(p<0.05)levels.Supplementationat15ppmlevelonlyincreasedurinary iodine levels(p<0.05)butnotserumthyroxine levels. No changeswererecordedin clinicalsymptomsoranthropometricdataasaconsequenceofsupplementationforthree months.TheimpactofthepresentstudyonawarenessaboutIDDandtheconsumptionof iodisedsaltwasalsostudied. Ahighlysignificantimprovement(p<0.l)wasfoundin bothawarenessandiodisedsaltconsumptionasaresultofthepresentstudy. drinkingwateranalysesrevealedthat[DBinthisregionwasmainlyduetolowiodine levelsinthesoilandnotduetothepresenceofthiocyanates, Asmallsub-sampleof30schoolgoingchildren wereselectedforanintensivestudyincludingsupplementation,Thesubjectswereexaminedforclinicalsymptomsof iodine deficiency and their serum samples were analysed for the presence of thiocyanates.Effectofsupplementationofiodisedsaltforthreemonthsattwodoselevels based on the extent ofdeficiency was evaluated. Parameters recorded were clinical symptoms,urinaryiodinelevels,anthropometricmeasurements(height,weightandmidarmcircumference)andserumthyroxinelevels. Clinicalmanifestationswerepresentin all children but goitrogenic thiocyanates were not detected in serum samples. All children recorded low urinary iodine indicating moderate iodine deficiency, Height, WeightandMid-armcircumferencewerefoundtobesignificantlylower(p<0.l)than NCH/WHO standards prescribed. However, 50% of the children exhibited serum thyroxinevaluesinthe“Normal”range,butlower(p<0.05)thanthoseofnormalchildren innon-endemicHyderabadaswellasendemicZaheerabad.Supplementationofiodineat 30ppmlevelafifectedasignificantimprovement(p