Thumbnail Image

Professor Jayashankar Telangana State Agricultural University, Hyderabad (Telangana State)

Browse

2018 - 20203
Reset filters
Subject: Microbiology × Thesis Type: M.Sc ×
Reset filters

Search Results

Now showing 1 - 3 of 3
  • Thumbnail Image
    ThesisItemOpen Access
    EVALUATION OF GREEN GRAM (Vigna radiata(L.) R. Wilczek) LINES FOR YMV RESISTANCE USING MOLECULAR MARKERS MOHD ABDUS SUBHAN
    (PROFESSOR JAYASHANKAR TELANGANA STATE AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY, 2020) MOHD ABDUS SUBHAN SALMAN; ANURADHA, CH
    Green gram (Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek), is one of the important pulse crops mainly grown in developing countries. However, the yield level of the crop is very low due to many biotic and abiotic factors. Among biotic factors, yellow mosaic virus (YMV), which is transmitted by white fly (Bemisiatabaci) causes significant yield losses ranging from 10-100% and it leads to severe yield reduction. The biggest challenge in YMD management is the effective utilization of an array of information gained so far, in an integrated manner for the development of genotypes having durable resistance against yellow mosaic virus (YMV) infection. The advancements in the field of biotechnology and molecular biology such as marker assisted selection and genetic transformation can be utilized in developing Yellow mosaic virus (YMV) resistant green gram. The present investigation was carried out for screening of green gram RILs against Yellow mosaic virus (YMV) and evaluation based on morphological characters and molecular markers. An attempt was made to evaluate microsatellite markers linked to the YMV resistance in a F6 generation of green gram. The genotypes, MGG 295, susceptible to Yellow Mosaic Virus (YMV) and WGG 42 (Yadadri) resistant to YMV were chosen as parents for development of F6 population. The studies were carried out at Institute of Biotechnology (IBT), Professor Jayashankar Telangana State Agricultural University, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad and ARS Madhira, Khammam during 2019-2020 with 128 F6 RILs to elicit the information on nature and extent of the genetic variability, heritability, genetic advance and molecular evaluation for YMV.For molecular marker evaluation studyof 128 F6 RILs, SSR primers were employed. Observations were recorded on 13 characters viz., days to initial flowering, days to 50% flowering, days to maturity, number of branches per plant, number of pods per cluster, number of cluster per plant, number of pods per plant, number of seeds per pod, plant height, pod length, seed yield per plant,100seed weight and percent of disease incidence under natural incidence of whitefly at hot spot. Results obtained conveyed that genetic variability was present for all the characters studied indicating that the RILs represented wide variability. The genotypic coefficients of variation for all the characters studied were lesser than the phenotypic coefficients of variation indicating the modifying effects of the environment in association with the characters at genotypic level. High PCV and GCV estimates was noticed for number of pods per plant, seed yield per plant, number of cluster per plant and number of pods per cluster. High heritability along with high genetic advance as percent of mean was observed for number of pods per plant, seed yield per plant, number of cluster per plant, number of pods per cluster, number of branches per plant, number of seeds per pod and plant height indicating the role of additive genes in governing the inheritance of these traits and could be improved through selection. The traits seed yield per plant, number of pods per plant, number of clusters per plant and number of pods per cluster had recorded high PCV, GCV, high heritability along with high genetic advance as percent of mean indicated these traits were less influenced by environment and possess high genetic variability.Hence these RILs would be suitable for green gram breeding programme to develop improved varieties. The parental DNA was extracted and screened with 185 microsatellite markers to detect the polymorphic markers. Out of these markers, 102 were amplified and 83 markers were not amplified. Of these 102 amplified markers, 15 primers showed polymorphism (14.7%) between the parents, and the rest of the markers were found to be monomorphic. All the 128 F6 lines were genotyped with the 8 polymorphic markers. CEDG228 was found to be significantly associated with the YMV resistance in green gram. Identification of molecular marker associated with resistance gene in the present study, will increase the efficiency and accuracy in YMV-resistance breeding program and this marker can be used in future for the development of high yielding YMV resistant cultivars in green gram.
  • Thumbnail Image
    ThesisItemOpen Access
    PYRAMIDING BACTERIAL BLIGHT AND BLAST RESISTANCE AND TOLERANCE TO LOW SOIL PHOSPHORUS INTO THE RICE VARIETY, MTU1010 THROUGH MARKER ASSISTED SELECTION
    (PROFESSOR JAYASHANKAR TELANGANA STATE AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY, 2018) DHIVYANANDHAM, K; DURGA RANI, Ch.V
    Rice is a major food crop supplying 30% of the calorie requirement to the Indian population. However, stability in the rice production could not be sustained as high yielding varieties became susceptible to a wide variety of pests and diseases within a short period of their release and they are also highly affected by abiotic stress factors. With respect to biotic stresses, bacterial blight [Xanthomonas oryzae pv. Oryzae (Xoo)] and blast (Magnaporthe oryzae) diseases are causing major yield losses in the different rice growing ecosystems. The development of host-plant resistance is considered as the effective means to control the diseases. With respect to abiotic stress factors, soil phosphorous is a major constraint for rice production particularly under upland areas because of phosphorus fixation in acidic condition. In order to introgress two or more genes acting towards the improvement of crop against both biotic and abiotic stresses, gene pyramiding method was adopted. Marker assisted selection allows the identification of plants carrying multiple resistance/tolerance genes using gene specific/linked markers. The present investigation entitled “Pyramiding bacterial blight and blast resistance and tolerance to low soil Phosphorous into the rice variety, MTU1010 xiii through Marker Assisted Selection” was undertaken to develop broad spectrum resistance against the two major rice diseases, viz., bacterial blight (BB) and rice blast and also tolerance to low soil phosphorous with MTU1010 characters. Near-Isogenic Line (NIL) of ISM developed by ICAR-IIRR, Rajendranagar, possessing three BB resistance genes (xa5, xa13 and Xa21) and low phosphorous tolerance gene (Pup1) and a NIL of MTU1010 developed by IBT, PJTSAU, Rajendranagar possessing two BB (xa13 and Xa21) and one major blast resistance gene (Pi1) were used as parents in the present study for combining five genes, viz., xa5, xa13, Xa21, Pi1 and Pup1. F1 seeds were obtained from a cross between NIL of ISM and NIL of MTU1010 during Kharif, 2016. The goal of the present study was to identify F2 segregants of MTU1010, having xa5, xa13, Xa21, Pi1 and Pup1 genes and possessing durable BB resistance, blast resistance and tolerance to low soil phosphorous conditions. Marker-assisted pedigree breeding method involving gene specific/gene linked markers for selection of the target genes was adopted in the present study. Both parents selected for the study were validated for presence of the target genes, viz., xa5, xa13, Xa21, Pi1 and Pup1 using the functional markers/linked markers, viz., xa5FM, xa13Prom, pTA248, RM224 and CAPS markers, K20-2Bsp, respectively, along with positive and negative checks. Xa21 and xa13 genes were present in both the parents, while xa5 and Pup1 genes were present in NIL of ISM and Pi1 was present in NIL of MTU1010. Polymorphism was observed between parents along with positive check varieties, ISM for xa5, NLR145 for Pi1 and Swarna for Pup1. F1 plants were raised during Rabi 2016-17 and confirmed for heterozygosity with respect to the three target genes (xa5, Pi1 and Pup1) while xa13 and Xa21 were observed to be present in homozygous condition in both the parents. F2 population (n = 700 plants) were raised from a single confirmed F1 plant during Kharif 2017 to identify the plants carrying desired resistance genes by using gene specific/gene linked markers. Segregation of these genes was observed in the F2 population for the three of the target genes, viz., xa5, Pi1 and Pup1, while no segregation was noticed for the two BB resistance genes, Xa21 and xa13, which are present in both the parents used for crossing. The chi-square analysis showed a good fit to the expected segregation ratio (1:2:1) for single gene model. The chi-square analysis for three gene combinations was also done and the result showed a good fit to the expected segregation ratio (1:2:1:2:4:2:1:2:1:2:4:2:4:8:4:2:4:2:1:2:1:2:4:2:1:2:1) with the genotypes divided into 27 distinct classes. F2 plants with five (xa5, xa13, Xa21, Pi1, Pup1), four (xa5, xa13, Xa21, Pi1); (xa5, xa13, Xa21, Pup1); (xa13, Xa21, Pi1, Pup1); and three (xa5, xa13, xiv Xa21); (xa13, Xa21, Pi1); (xa13, Xa21, Pup1) gene combinations in homozygous condition were identified for forwarding to F3 generation. F3 lines will be evaluated for BB, blast resistance and traits related to low soil phosphorus tolerance along with agromorphological characters similar to MTU1010.
  • Thumbnail Image
    ThesisItemOpen Access
    “GENOTYPING AND PHENOTYPING OF ADVANCED BACKCROSS PROGENIES DERIVED FROM TELLAHAMSA AND MTU1010 RICE VARIETIES FOR BB AND BLAST RESISTANCE’’
    (PROFESSOR JAYASHANKAR TELANGANA STATE AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY, 2018) ANJALI, C; DURGARANI, Ch.V
    Bacterial blight (BB) and rice blast are the two most important diseases causing significant yield loss in rice, and they are endemic to several rice growing states of India. In Telangana, the yield loss is very severe due to BB and blast. In order to address the above said issues, the efforts have been made and developed MTU1010 and Tellahamsa introgression lines with bacterial blight (xa13 and Xa21) and blast (Pi54 and Pi1) resistance genes by Institute of Biotechnology, Hyderabad, Rajendranagar. GPP2 was used as a donor for bacterial blight resistance genes (xa13 and Xa21), while NLR145 (Swarnamukhi) was used as donor for blast resistance genes (Pi54 and Pi1). In continuation to a DBT funded research project the present research study entitled “Genotyping and phenotyping of advanced backcross progenies derived from Tellahamsa and MTU1010 rice varieties for BB and Blast resistance” has been designed. DNA bulking method was used to reduce the time, resources and number of samples from 3465 to 99 for DNA isolation without compromising the quality of DNA. Genotyping was carried out in 29 advanced backcross progenies (BC3F4, BC4F5) for the presence of four target genes viz., xa13, Xa21, Pi54 and Pi1 by using gene specific / linked PCR based molecular markers viz., xa13-prom, pTA248, Pi54 MAS and RM224, respectively. The bulk sample analysis of 29 progenies exhibited uniformity for the target genes. 25 Progenies were screened for BB resistance along with resistant donor parent, GPP2; susceptible check, TN1 and recurrent parents, MTU1010 and Tellahamsa. A highly virulent isolate of Xoo (IX-020) from Indian Institute of Rice Research (IIRR) was used for BB screening. Out of 25 progenies, 23 progenies recorded resistance score of “1” where as two progenies were moderately resistant with a score of “3”. These genes were found to be very effective in all the genetic backgrounds (23 out of 25 showed resistance, while 2 were with moderate resistance).The results revealed that xa13 and Xa21 genes individually and together offered high level of resistance compared to recurrent parents. However it is always preferred to use pyramided lines rather than lines with single resistance gene to avoid break down of resistance genes. Twenty five progenies were screened for blast resistance, along with resistant donor parent, NLR145, susceptible check, HR12 and recurrent parents, MTU1010 and Tellahamsa by Principal Scientist (Pathology, ICAR-IIRR) using a highly virulent blast isolate (SPI-04. Six progenies viz., TPL-59, TPL-62, TPL-63, MPL-3, MPL-7 and MPL-8 showed resistance with a score of “3”, while eight progenies viz., TPL-58, TPL-60, TPL-61, TPL-67, TPL-68, TPL-69, MPL-1 and MPL-4 showed moderate resistance to blast with a score of “5”. Pi54 and Pi1 genes individually and together exhibited resistance to moderate resistance in 14 out of 25 lines. Unlike BB resistance genes blast resistance genes showed suscetibilty in 11 progenies (TPL-53, TPL-54, TPL-55, TPL-56, TPL-57, TPL-64, TPL-65, TPL-66, MPL-2, MPL-5 and MPL-9). Towards developing durable blast resistance, it is desirable to introgress additional major gene(s) and QTLs with minor effects. During precise introgression of blast resistance genes from NLR145 with simultaneous recovery of recurrent parent genome (> 96%), several other genes or QTLs responsible for offering blast resistance might be lost from NLR145, which could be one of the reasons for blast suscetibilty in some of the introgressed lines. Agro-morphological evaluation was carried out in 29 advanced backcross lines. Replication wise data was recorded for eight yield and yield contributing characters and RBD analysis was carried out. In case of Tellahamsa derived lines, six progenies (TPL53, TPL-56, TPL-59, TPL-62, TPL-68 and TPL-69) shown significant superiority over Tellahamsa and four lines (TPL-54, TPL-55, TPL-60 and TPL-71) were on par with Tellahamsa for yield. Among 10 MTU1010 derived lines, six lines (MPL-1, MPL-3, MPL-4, MPL-7, MPL-8 and MPL-9) showed significant superiority over MTU1010 for yield. TPL-59, MPL-7 and MPL-8 were found to be promising having yield superiority over parents with BB and blast resistance.