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Central Agricultural University, College of Post Graduate Studies in Agricultural Sciences, Umiam
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ThesisItem Open Access Crop regulation and quality improvement of peach(College of Post Graduate Studies in Agricultural Sciences, CAU-Imphal, Umiam) Meitei, Sarangthem Binoi; Deka, Bidyut C.The present investigation entitled Crop regulation and quality improvement of peach was carried out on cv. Flordasun in the Experimental farm of the Division of Horticulture, ICAR, (RC) for NEH region, Barapani, Meghalaya, during the crop season 2009-2010. Four chemical thinners viz. Thiourea @ 2.5 and 5%, GA? @ 75 and 100 ppm, Urea @ 4 and 6% and Ethrel @ 100 and 150 ppm after fruit set, in addition to hand thinning 30%, 50% and 70 % at full bloom (FB) and leaf to fruit ratio 20:1, 30:1,40:1 and 50:1 before pit hardening (BPH) were applied. Generally, all the thinning treatments increased fruit drop and reduced fruit firmness and fruit retention. However, hand thinning 70 %, ethrel @ 150 ppm and thiourea 5% and LFR of 30:1 were most effective. All the chemical and hand thinning treatments except (GA3 75 ppm and Urea 4%) after fruit set (AFS) advanced the time of harvesting in peach cv. Flordasun. Among the hand thinning treatments, 70 % thinning at FB was the most effective where maturity was advanced by 5-6 days, improved fruit size, weight, pulp to stone ratio, TSS, titratable acidity, ascorbic acid, total sugars, fruit colour, total anthocyan ins and total phenols, however, this treatment significantly reduced the fruit yield. Chemical thinners too, when applied at higher concentration (Ethrel @ 150 ppm) and thiourea @ 5% AFS reduced the crop load and improved the physico-chemical characteristics of fruits. The least incidence of leaf curl was found in GA? @ 100 ppm and Thiourea @ 5% twenty days after spraying. Similarly, among the LFR treatment, the best quality fruit with respect to fruit size, weight, TSS, ascorbic acid, total sugar and other qualities were obtained with a LFR of 30:1. However, all the treatments significantly reduced total yield except control.ThesisItem Open Access Standardization of plant growth promoting substances and grafting techniques for raising Sohiong (Prunus nepalensis L.)(College of Post Graduate Studies in Agricultural Sciences, CAU-Imphal, Umiam) Langpoklakpam, Basu; Deka, Bidyut C.The present investigation on Standardization of Plant Growth Promoting Substances and Grafting techniques for raising Sohiong (Prunus nepalensis L.) seedling was carried out in the experimental field and laboratory of the Division of Horticulture, lCAR, (RC) for NEH region, Barapani (Umiam), Meghalaya during the year 2009-2010. Different pre sowing treatments with Plant Growth Promoting Substances viz., GA? (50, 75 and 100 ppm), thiourea (50, 75 and 100 ppm), KN0? (0.2 and 0.4 %) along with water soaking were tried to study their response on seed germination and seedling growth characteristics on Sohiong seed. All pre-sowing seed treatments significantly influenced seed germination and subsequent seedling growth and development process. However, GA? @ 75 ppm proved to be the best in overall germination behavior, subsequent seedling growth characteristics and plant biomass production followed by GA? @ 50 ppm. Likewise, two grafting methods viz., tongue grafting and wedge grafting were also tried at 30th September and 15th October to identify the suitable method and time of grafting for raising Sohiong plants. Tongue grafting proved to be the better technique of propagation with respect to days to first sprouting, graft success, sprouting duration, subsequent plant growth characteristics and final survival percentage especially when done on 15th October.ThesisItem Open Access Impact of planting time and phosphorous dosage on the productivity of Dolichos bean(Lablab purpureus L.)cv. RCDL-10(College of Post Graduate Studies in Agricultural Sciences, CAU-Imphal, Umiam) Kharbamon, Banylla; Deka, Bidyut C.The field experiment was conducted at the experimental field of Division of Horticulture, ICAR Research Complex for NEH Region, Umiam during 2009-20 I0 to study Impact of planting time and phosphorous dosage on the productivity of Dolichos bean (Lab lab plflpureus L.) cv. RCDL-10. The experiment was laid out in Split Plot Design with six treatments as month of sowing (May, June, July, August, September and October) allocated in main plots and four phosphorus levels (30, 40, 50 and 60 kg/ha) allocated in sub-plots with three replications. The results recorded showed that May month of sowing took the least number of days to reach first flowering, flowering to pod development, pod development to horticultural maturity; highest number of flowers per panicle, highest number of pods per plant, highest number of seeds per pod, highest fresh weight of pods, highest pod yield per plant (168.70 g) and pod yield per hectare. The May month of sowing also registered highest crude protein content of the pods, highest total nitrogen, total phosphorus and total potassium uptake by the plant Phosphorus dose of 60 kg/ha recorded the highest plant growth, maximum number of flowers per panicle, longest pod length, highest fresh weight and dry weight of pods, highest number of pods per plant, highest number of seeds per pod, highest pod yield per plant (123.04 g) and projected yield per hectare. It also recorded maximum crude protein content of the pods, highest total nitrogen, total phosphorus and total potassium uptake by the plant Hence, it can be concluded that as compared with late sowing, early sowing in the months of May and June resulted in higher yield and yield attributes, even with low levels of phosphorus applied. Fertilization with phosphorus dose of 60kg/ha produced better results, as compared to the lower phosphorus doses in all aspect The nutrient uptake (N, P and K) was maximum in early sowing (May and June month of sowing) and at higher levels of phosphorus fertilization (50 and 60 kg/ha phosphorus).ThesisItem Open Access Changes in antioxidant phytochemicals of turmeric at different stages of harvesting(College of Post Graduate Studies in Agricultural Sciences, CAU-Imphal, Umiam, 2009) Sangma, Sanyang A.; Jha, Anjani KumarAn experiment was conducted at ICAR Research Complex for NEH Region, Umiam, Meghalaya during 2008-2009 to study the changes in antioxidant phytochemicals of 12 turmeric varieties at different stages of harvesting (150, 180, 210 and 240 DAP). The highest yield per plant was recorded in the variety Megha Turmeric (692.67 g), the highest harvest index (95.30 %) and moisture content (92.70 %) was recorded from the variety Narendra Haldi while the variety Alleppy Supreme recorded highest (11.80 %) curcumin content. The maximum curing percentage (23.20 %) was observed in Kedaram and the maximum ascorbic acid content (57.87 mg/lOOg) was recorded from the variety Kasturi Tanaka and β carotene content was highest (4332.70 mg/100g) in the variety Kedaram. The colour value was measured using Hunter Lab Color Quest XE Colorimeter where the lightness (L) value was highest in the variety Jorhat Local (59.82), redness (a) value was recorded highest from the variety Kedaram (41.98) while maximum yellowness (b) value was observed highest in the variety Jorhat Local (34.82) and the maximum color difference (ΔE) was recorded from the variety Lakadong (6.96). The total phenol content was recorded highest (266.33 mg/100g) in the variety Alleppy Supreme and the antioxidant activity (FRAP) and (BCO) were recorded highest in the varieties Alleppy Supreme (16.60 umol Trolox/g) and Jorhat Local (89.01%), respectively. In correlation studies, no significant and positive correlation was observed between curcumin content and antioxidant activity.ThesisItem Open Access Physico-chemical changes of Sohshang (Elaenus latifolia L.) at different stages of maturity and storage(College of Post Graduate Studies in Agricultural Sciences, CAU-Imphal, Umiam, 2009) Lamare, Ridakini; Deka, Bidyut C.Sohshang (Elaegnus latifolia L.) belonging to the family Elaegnaceae is an important indigenous fruit of Meghalaya besides other places like Sibsagar in Assam and Naga Hills. It is mostly grown in semi wild condition in the backyard gardens of the region. Over the years, people have found many uses for Sohshang besides enjoying it as fresh fruits. These include homemade pickles, jam and chutney. However, fruits are quite astringent and acidic in taste when harvested at an immature stage while they are very soft when harvested at an over ripe stage which lead to poor quality of the fruits. Due to its high perishability in nature, fruits can be stored only for 2 to 3 days under open condition. In peak season, a huge quantity of the produce gets damaged during the process of handling, transportation and marketing due to number of reasons. Keeping these in view, a study was conducted to determine the physico-chemical changes of Sohshang at different stages of maturity and to evaluate the suitable packaging materials for shelf life extension of the fruit. For determining the optimum stage of harvesting, physico-chemical changes were determined at 15 days interval from fruits set to mature green stage and at 5 days interval from mature green stage to full ripe stage. On the other hand, for evaluation of suitable packaging materials during storage, physico-chemical changes were determined at 3 days intervals using perforated and non perforated PP, LDPE and DHM, leaf and control. In the present investigation, it was found that fruits harvested at 75 to 80 days after fruit set (DAF) developed acceptable physico-chemical qualities with good colour, flavour and texture. The study further revealed that days taken from fruit set to ripening (75-80 DAF), colour change (deep orange to pink), TSS (> 11) and TSS: Acidity ratio (>3) may be considered as the most reliable maturity indices for taking harvest decision of Sohshang fruit. On the other hand, changes in physico-chemical properties of the fruits were observed with the advancement of storage period irrespective of the packaging materials. However, the rate of change in packed fruit was comparatively slower as compared to that of control fruits. The present study revealed that packaging of fruits in non perforated PP had distinct advantages over control and other packaging materials in respect of shelf life extension besides preservation of quality and nutritional value of the fruits. Sohshang can be stored only up to 3 days in open condition whereas extension of shelf life up to 9 days is possible by packing the fruits in non perforated PP. Thus, it may be inferred that harvesting of Sohshang at 75 to 80 days after fruit set and packaging of fruits in non perforated PP could be suggested for obtaining the optimum and desirable qualities of the fruits with a better shelf life.ThesisItem Open Access Off-season production of strawberry : effect of low tunnel and planting time(CPGS, CAU, Imphal, 2009) Syndor, Agreesia; Singh, AkathThe experiment was conducted at the Horticulture research farm of ICAR Research Complex for NEH region, Umiam, Meghalaya, India, during the year 2008-2009 to study “Off-season production of Strawberry: Effect of Low tunnel and planting time.” The experiment was laid out in a split plot design, the main plot being the time of planting (July, August, September, October and November)while low tunnel covers (UVS polythene, Shade net 50%, Shade net 75% and open condition)being considered in the sub-plot and were replicated thrice. The maximum growth in term of plant height and number of leaves was recorded during September planting while maximum plant survival percentage, chlorophyll contents, fruit set, yield, maximum berry size, berry weight were recorded in October planting. Among the low tunnel covers, low tunnel of 50% shade net was observed highest survival percentage, highest chlorophyll content, highest number of flowers, highest fruit set, highest yield, berry of heavy weight and better texture. Maximum plant height, numbers of leaves, earliness in flower production, maximum berry size were observed under UVS polythene tunnel. Earliest fruit set, firmer texture berry was recorded in the month of November and planting under UVS polythene in the same month was found to take minimum days to start flowering. Planting time significantly affected the chemical composition of strawberry fruit in which October planting observed to contained highest TSS and Beta –carotene, whereas sugars and total mineral content was observed during August planting while highest anthocyanin content and ascorbic acid content were recorded during November planting. Maximum TSS, ascorbic acid and anthocyanin were recorded under UVS polythene tunnel. Planting under UVS polythene tunnel in November recorded highest TSS whereas, highest ascorbic acid and anthocyanin content were obtained under the same tunnel in the month of October. Highest total sugar was also recorded under UVS polythene tunnel when planted in the month of August. Beta-carotene content was highest in the month of October under 75% shade net while total mineral was highest when planted in 50% shade net tunnel in the month of July. Fruit harvested from November planting can be stored for longer period. The occurrence of diseases was observed but it was not severe. From the present investigation, it was concluded that low tunnel structure and planting time had a positive effect on the plant growth, early fruiting, extension of fruiting period yield, quality and strawberry can be produced 30-35 days earlier than normal period when planted in low tunnels of 50% shade net in the month of July or August and the period of fruit availability may be extended to 47 days from normal when planted in the month of November under UVS polythene tunnel.ThesisItem Open Access Physico-chemical properties of Assam lemon ( Citrus limon Burm.) at different stages of fruit growth, development and storage(CPGS, CAU, Imphal, 2010) Mukhim, Callisthenics; Nath, AmitAssam lemon (Citrus limon Burm.) is an important seedless lemon cultivar which is widely grown in northeastern states of India. Assam lemon being acidic, is usually not consumed as fresh but is utilized in processing for production of squashes, cordials and pickles besides culinary and salad purposes. Assam lemon can be stored for 21 days at ambient conditions. However, during peak season a huge quantity of produce gets damaged during handling, transportation and marketing due to number of reasons. Keeping these in view, a study was conducted to determine the physico-chemical changes of Assam lemon at different stages of maturity and to evaluate the suitable packaging materials for shelf life extension of the fruit. For determining the optimum stage of harvesting, physico-chemical changes were monitored at 15 days interval from fruits set to 90 days and at 10 days interval from 90 days onwards from fruit set. On the other hand, for evaluation of suitable packaging materials during storage, physico-chemical changes were determined at 7, 21, 35, 56 and 77 days of storage using perforated (2, 6 and 10 pin hole) and non-perforated PP (Polypropylene), LDPE and LD+HM, and control. In the present investigation, it was found that fruits harvested at 120 to 130 days after fruit set (DAF) developed acceptable physico-chemical qualities with optimum fruit weight (109.28-112.95 g), juice content (37.68-41.23 %), titratable acidity (4.18-4.35%), TSS (�6.3 �Brix) and TSS: acidity (�1.51), and these may be considered as the most reliable maturity indices for taking harvest decision of Assam lemon fruit. On the other hand, changes in physico-chemical properties of the fruits were observed with the advancement of storage period irrespective of the packaging materials. However, the rate of change in packed fruit was comparatively slower as compared to that of control fruits. The present study revealed that packaging of fruits in perforated (2 pin hole) PP had distinct advantages over control and other packaging materials in respect of shelf life extension besides retention of other quality and nutritional value of the fruits. Assam lemon can be stored up to 21 days only in ambient conditions whereas extension of shelf life up to 77 days is possible by packing the fruits in perforated (2 pin hole) PP. Thus, it may be inferred that harvesting of Assam lemon at 120 to 130 days after fruit set and packaging of fruits in perforated (2 pin hole) PP could be suggested for obtaining the optimum and desirable qualities of the fruits with a better shelf life.
