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University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad
The University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad was established on October 1, 1986.
The University has 5 Colleges, 27 Research Stations, 6 Agriculture Extension Education Centers, 6 Krishi Vigyan Kendras and ATIC. The University has its jurisdiction over 7 districts namely Bagalkot, Belgaum, Bijapur, Dharwad, Gadag, Haveri, and Uttar Kannada in northern Karnataka. Greater diversity exists in soil types, climate, topography cropping and farming situations. The jurisdiction includes dry-farming to heavy rainfall and irrigated area. Important crops of the region include sorghum, cotton, rice, pulses, chilli, sugarcane, groundnut, sunflower, wheat, safflower etc. The region is also known for many horticultural crops.
Considerable progress has been registered in the field of education, research and extension from this University.
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ThesisItem Open Access Performance of Grama Sabha in Implementation of Rural Development Programmes in Panchayat Raj System(University of Agriculture Sciences, Dharwad, 2018-04) Supriya B.B.; Natikar K.V.The study was undertaken in University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad during 2015-2016 in three districts Dharwad, Gadag and Uttara Kannada. ‘Ex-post facto’ research design was used. The size of the sample for the study was 180. A scale was developed to measure the ‘performance of grama sabha’ by considering powers, meetings, duties and functions of Grama Sabha. A schedule was developed to measure the participation of people in grama sabha considering planning and budgeting of rural development programmes, social audit and finalization of programmes and beneficiary selection. The performance of grama sabha was ‘very good’ in ‘conducting the meetings’ (63.89%) and in ‘creating awareness among rural people’ (53.89%). While, the performance was ‘good’ in maintaining the quorum not less than one-tenth of the total members of Grama Sabha (56.11 %) and for ‘identification and selection of eligible beneficiaries for developmental programmes’ (54.44%). The performance of grama sabha was ‘average’ in ‘prohibiting liquor and gambling in the area of the village’ (46.67 %). Participation of people in grama sabha was highest in ‘finalization of rural development programmes and beneficiaries selection’ (76.25%). The performance and participation of the people in Grama Sabha was more in Uttara Kannada district with mean values of 2.25 and 2.18 followed by Dharwad with mean values of 2.08 and 1.97 respectively. ‘Low level’ of performance in executing ‘powers of Grama Sabha’ and people’s participation in ‘planning and budgeting of rural development programmes’. Medium level of participation (70.81 %) observed in social audit. The suggestions given by people were to ‘avoid dominance in beneficiary selection’ (84.12%), ‘transparency in budget utilization’ (82.00%) and ‘fixing of dates in advance by the local governments’ (81.60 %).ThesisItem Open Access A Study on Farmers Attitude, Knowledge and Adoption Regarding Bt Cotton(University of Agriculture Sciences, Dharwad, 2018-03) Sankaratti Shreedevi A; Halakatti S. V.Present research study was conducted during 2016-17 in Dharwad, Belagavi and Haveri districts of Karnataka coming under the jurisdiction of the University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad. Ex-post- facto research design was used for the study. In each district two talukas with maximum area under Bt cotton cultivation were selected. Thus, 180 farmers formed the sample for study. Scale was developed for the study for measuring the attitude of farmers towards Bt cotton. The scale was standardized for wider applicability. Maximum farmers (42.00%) had medium level of knowledge about Bt cotton cultivation. All farmers had correct knowledge of sowing time and sowing method. Forty per cent of farmers had favorable attitude towards Bt cotton. All farmers agreed to the statement Bt cotton gives higher yield than non-Bt cotton. While 88.00 per cent of the farmers agreed that pest incidence was less in Bt cotton than in non-Bt cotton. Medium adoption category had 39.00 per cent of farmers. All farmers adopted suitable variety and manual dibbling method for sowing. Majority of the farmers (83.00 %) adopted the recommended seed rate and 46.00 per cent were found in the medium socio-economic status category. Maximum farmers faced constraints in Bt cotton cultivation. As high as 73.21 per cent of farmers expressed lack of agricultural labours during peak season followed by lack of pure and quality seeds of Bt cotton (68.80 %) and non-availability of seed at proper time (61.71%). Suggestion made by farmers included timely availability of quality seeds (81.67%) and inputs should be made available at cheaper price (63.89%). Some farmers were not convinced about pheromone trap, trap crop and intercrop and some farmers had not adopted simple practices like choosing a right fungicide, concentration and recommended quantity of fertilizer. Extension programmes through farmer’s field schools would certainly help to bridge these gaps.ThesisItem Open Access Physiological Investigations of Reproductive Phases for Heat Tolerance in Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) Genotypes(University of Agriculture Sciences, Dharwad, 2018-07) Kiran B.A.; Chimmad V. P.Two season field experiments was carried out at Main Agricultural Research Station, Dharwad, during rabi 2016-17 and 2017-18 with five and twenty-two chickpea genotypes for evaluation of reproductive behaviour, protein profiling and productivity under different temperature regimes achieved by altering dates of sowing. High temperature significantly affected negatively the phenophases and thermal indices of the chickpea genotypes under D3 (46th SMW) temperature regime as compared to D1 (41st SMW) and D2 (43rd SMW). Among the genotype, JAKI-9218 was slow to initiate flower and pods, late in maturity and accumulated highest GDD, PTI and HUE for all the phenophases. The lipid peroxidation increased from 27.00 to 36.65 % with increase in the day/night temperature between D2 and D3 temperature regime at 30 days after 50% flowering. D1 and D2 temperature regimes recorded higher total number of flowers, pollen germination, pollen fertility, pollen density and fertile and sterile pollen diameter in all genotypes as compared to D3 temperature regime. Among genotypes JG-14 performance was superior in all parameters and under all dates of sowing. SDS-PAGE analysis of protein profiling in pollen grains showed production of additional polypeptides of MW 158.2-12.9 kDa and MW of 112.0-17.1 kDa in leaves appeared in chickpea genotypes. The D2 temperature regime recorded significantly higher values for seed weight, test weight, haulm weight, number of seeds and number of pods per plant with less flowers to pod ratio (3.08) and higher yield (2463 kg ha-1) while the genotype JG-11 (46 %), JG-14 (29 %),, Annigeri-1 (29 %) and KAK-2 (24 %) recorded a higher per cent increase in yield under D2 as compared D1 and D3. This study emphasised that fifteen days delayed sowing from normal date produced higher yield and the genotypes viz., Annigeri-1, JG-11, JG-14, JG-130, BGD-103 and RSG-44 were identified as high yielding temperature tolerant.ThesisItem Open Access Synthesis, Characterization and Evaluation of Coppera and Sulphur Nanoparticles Against Major Plant Pathogens(University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad, 2018-03) Swamy, Chikkanna; Nargund, V.B.Green nanotechnology is the current requirement in plant pathology and considering the magnitude of this novel technology, investigations were undertaken on green synthesis of copper nanoparticles (CuNPs) and sulphur nanoparticles (SNPs), characterization and evaluation against the major plant pathogens to mitigate the disease problem effectively both in vitro and in vivo condition at College of Agriculture, University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad. Green syntheses of NPs were attempted from seven plants by six methods in copper and two methods in sulphur. Particle Size Analyzer confirmed the average diameter of nanoparticles was < 100 nm [CuNPs (32.5 nm) and SNPs (56.00 nm)]. Circular to irregular in shape of NPs was confirmed by AFM and SEM. Recovery of CuNPs and SNPs was highest in pome granate pericarp mediated synthesis. Major five fungal and three bacterial plant pathogens were isolated by standard procedure and characterized by molecular techniques. CuNPs inhibited the cent per cent spore germination of Exserohilum turcicum at 500 ppm. SNPs showed cent per cent inhibition of spore germination of Golovinomyces cichoracearum at 10 ppm. Mango leaf based CuNPs inhibited the growth of Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. punicae (17.33 mm) and Ralstonia solanacearum (12.00 mm) at 2,000 ppm. In chickpea, SNPs at 1,000 ppm recorded highest seed quality parameters by paper towel method and was on par with carboxin (37.5 %) + thiram (37.5 %). Under glasshouse condition, SNPs at 500 and 1,000 ppm managed the greengram and cowpea powdery mildew diseases respectively. Citrus canker and bacterial wilt of tomato diseases were significantly managed by CuNPs over untreated control and remained on par with standard antibiotic check. Green synthesized CuNPs and SNPs were found effective in reducing the diseases caused by major fungal pathogens compared to bacteria at lower concentrations. No phytotoxic symptoms were observed on tomato seedlings at 2000 ppm.ThesisItem Open Access "Effect of Temperature Regimes on Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) Productivity"(University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad, 2018-06) Kiran, B.O.; Chimmad, V.P.Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.), in its reproductive stage, is sensitive to day/night temperatures with consequent substantial loss of potential yields at high temperatures. Two field experiments were conducted with 44 and four genotypes under three temperature regimes (D1: 41st, D2: 44th and D3: 48th SMW) during rabi, 2015-16 and 2016-17 at Main Agricultural Research Station (MARS), Dharwad. Among four genotypes, JG-11 recorded least pollen sterility (17.15 %) followed by JG 14 (17.49 %), while crop sown in 41st SMW recorded least pollen sterility (19.42 %) when compared to crop sown in 44th and 48th SMW. Genotype, Annigeri-1 recorded maximum pollen germination (62.90 %) and pollen tube length (171.36 µm). Crop sown in 44th SMW significantly higher seed yield (24.19 q ha-1) followed by 41st SMW (22.17 q ha-1). However, genotype JG 11 recorded maximum seed yield (23.12 q ha-1) followed by JG 14 and Annigeri-1 (21.75 and 21.22 q ha-1 respectively). The overall reproductive phase efficiency was stable in JG 11 across environments. Among 44 genotypes, the total chlorophyll, membrane stability index, SPAD values recorded at 65 DAS was higher in crop sown in 44th SMW compared to 48th SMW. The seed yield was significantly higher for crop sown in 41st SMW (13.29 g plant-1) followed by 44th SMW (11.95 g plant-1). Among the genotypes, JAKI 9218 recorded higher seed yield (19.25 g plant-1) followed by GCP-107 and PA 0102334 (18.59 and 17.32 g plant-1, respectively). Genotypes, ICC-4958, GCP-107, BGD-9812, ICC-5383 and BGD-132 recorded higher stability for grain yield across environments. However, genotypes GCP-107 (23.54 g plant-1), PA-0102334 (19.66 g plant-1) and BGD-1044 (18.37 g plant-1) recorded higher yield and yield components under normal sown conditions (44th SMW), while H-206, ICCL-82108, ICC-88201, RSG-44, Local Collection, ICC-5383, AKG-70 and ICC-1745 were found suitable for late sown condition (48th SMW) for grain yield. Mean performance but confined to specific environments. Genotype ICCV-2 and JG-130 was found early with average regression coefficient and least deviation recommended for late sown conditions. Further, genotypes, The maximum pollen germination and least pollen sterility was recorded under 44th SMW (40.86%) and 41st SMW (17.10 %). Genotype, ICC-790197 recorded least pollen sterility (12.56%), while maximum pollen germination was recorded in genotype JAKI 9218 (69.95%) followed by Annigeri -1 (63.83%). Genotypes, ICCV-2, JG-130, JG-11, GCP-107, MI-35 and BGD-9920 were highly stable for seed yield under 44th SMW. The environment index was higher under 41st and 44th SMW for genotypic adaptability. Further, the degree of association for seed yield and components decreased with delayed sowing. Under 44th SMW, seed yield recorded positive association with pod number, pod weight, total flower production, total dry matter, test weight and harvest index. The experiment concluded that, reproductive efficiency for heat stress tolerance was higher in genotypes ICC-4958, GCP-107, BGD-9812, ICC-5383 and BGD-132 and further helpful in breeding program.ThesisItem Open Access Development and Identification of Drought Tolerant Maize (Zea mays L.) Hybrids(University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad, 2018-01) Patil, Akshata S.; Mummigatti, U.V.The investigation was carried out to elucidate the genetic mechanisms underlying the drought tolerance in maize by withholding water before fifteen days of anthesis and silking interval at the Main Agricultural Research Station, University Agricultural science’s Dharwad. From the 100 inbred lines evaluated (rabi / summer 2014-15) ten drought tolerant inbred lines (DMIL 230, DMIL 438, DMIL 447, DMIL 516, DMIL 553, DMIL 607, DMIL 692, DMIL 715, CML 425 and NC 468) were selected based on genetic diversity (D2) and morphological traits for developing 45 single cross hybrids through half diallel mating design (kharif, 2015). These 45 hybrids and their parents were further evaluated during rabi / summer, 2016. Identified five top yielders (DMIL 438 DMIL 447, DMIL 512 DMIL 692, DMIL 425 DMIL 230, DMIL 448 DMIL 607 and DMIL 438 NC 468), five drought susceptible yielders their parents and two checks (CP-818 and GH-0727) were evaluated during rabi / summer, 2016-17 for drought tolerance. Simultaneously, evaluated for various root and shoot morphological traits under water stress condition in polythene bag upto 60 DAS. Five hybrids viz., DMIL 516 DMIL 230 (6,338 kg/ha), DMIL 553 DMIL 447 (3,687 kg/ha), CML 425 DMIL 516 (3,905 kg/ha), DMIL 607 DMIL 516 (3,416 kg/ha) and NC 468 DMIL 692 (3,641 kg/ha) were superior drought tolerant hybrids based on relative water content, chlorophyll content, anthesis to silking interval, root traits and yield components under water stress condition. DMIL 715, CML 425, DMIL 447 and DMIL 516 have the best general combining ability for drought tolerance. These hybrids and the general combiners can be considered for moisture stress situations and for developing hybrids for drought tolerance, respectively.ThesisItem Open Access Development of Multigrain Composite Flour for Health Benefits(University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad, 2018-06) Rathod, Jyoti M.; Sarojani, J.K.ABSTRACT An investigation on the “Development of multigrain composite flour for health benefits” was undertaken during 2013-2015 in UAS Dharwad. The study aimed at development, storage and efficacy testing of multigrain composite mix. The millet composite flour is composed of wheat (40 g), total millets (50 g) which includes equal quantity of foxtail millet (12.5 g) and finger millet (12.5 g), little millet (25 g), soybean (10 g) and fenugreek (1 g) and it was acceptable. The overall acceptability score was 7.07. Millet composite flour was rich in protein (13.74 g/100 g), fat (5.30 g/100 g), energy (388 kcal/100 g) dietary fibre (20.59 g/ 100 g), sodium (5.15 m g/100 g), potassium (154 m g/100 g), calcium (32.97 m g/100 g), magnesium (26.67 m g/100 g), iron (2.52 m g/100 g), phosphorus (101 m g/100 g), copper (0.55 m g/100 g), zinc (1.02 m g/100 g), and manganese(0.9 m g/100 g). The storage and organoleptic evaluation was done every 15 days interval, for period of 180 days. Both HDPE and MPP packaging materials can be used effectively. Moisture and free fatty acid initially were 7.07 per cent and 0.12 m g/KOH g which increased to 8.47 per cent and 0.50 m g/ KOH g at 180 days of storage and both were within permissible limits. However, organoleptic study revealed that it can be stored for 165 days. Supplementation study was conducted on 30 hypercholesterolemic subjects (15 experimental and 15 control) for a period of 30 days and their lipid profile was analyzed before and after intervention. There was significant decrease in the LDL cholesterol, triglycerides and total cholesterol with per cent decrease of 4.89, 6.86 and 5.54 respectively and increase in the HDL cholesterol from 44.66 mg/dl to 52.92 mg/dl in experimental subjects.ThesisItem Open Access Menopausal Changes in Urban and Rural Women: Prevalence, Correlates and Intervention(University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad, 2018-08) Patil, Suma G.; Hunshal, Saraswati C.The present study was conducted during the year 2014-2017 with the objective to study prevalence of menopausal symptoms, factors influencing menopausal changes and to assess the quality of life among urban and rural women in three districts of Northern Karnataka. Multistage sampling technique was used to draw sample from urban and rural areas of Dharwad, Vijayapura and Uttarkannada districts. Self structured questionnaire, a green’s climacterics, physical activity checklist, WHOQOL–BRIEF, nutritional status, socio-economic status, depression, stress, knowledge level was assessed using standard tools. The results indicated that the mean age of attainment of menopause women in Northern Karnataka was 45.74 years. Whereas, the mean age of attainment of menopause among urban women was 45.37 years and 46.11 years in rural women. Most prevalent physical and psychological symptoms among urban and rural women were feeling tense or nervous, difficulty to concentrate, loss of feeling in hand. In both urban and rural area majority of premenopausal women had mild symptoms while peri and post menopausal women had moderate to severe symptoms. BMI and stress had positive and significant influence on menopausal symptoms while physical activity had negative and significant influence on menopausal symptoms. Both urban and rural women had low physical, psychological and social quality of life. Where as in case of overall and environmental quality of life majority of urban women had medium to high quality of life and rural women exhibited low quality of life. Among factors studied menopausal symptoms and depression had negative significant influence on quality of life. The efficacy of educational package on menopause transition and its management through diet and lifestyle guidance was tested on 20 menopausal women. The results indicated significant increase in knowledge score after intervention (t-value = 12.75) thus intervention programme was found to be effective in improving knowledge level of menopausal women.ThesisItem Open Access Stress, Parenting and Mental Health Among Intact and Single Parent Families(University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad, 2018-07) Chanda, Krutika; Pujar, LataThe study on stress, parenting and mental health among intact and single parent families was conducted in University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad, during 2016-18. The objectives of present study are the prevalence of alternative families in rural and urban areas of Dharwad and Bidar district; know the stress, parenting, parenting stress, mental health, child adjustment and child’s behavior among intact and single parent families; development of package on stress management and impact assessment of intervention program. The prevalence study was conducted on 1600 respondents from Bidar and Dharwad district found that majority of the families belonged to nuclear followed by single parent and joint families. Based on the prevalence results 240 mothers from intact families and 240 single mothers were selected from rural and urban areas of Bidar and Dharwad district. The qualitative research was done on 14 respondents. The major reason for singlehood in both the districts were widowhood (71.67% and 67.50%), separation (16.66% and 22.50%) and divorce (11.67% and 10 %). The problems faced by single mothers are emotional and financial problem. While the children and parents are the major support system for single mothers. Majority of single mothers had high stress, medium level of parenting stress, average in parenting and mental health status. There was significant association between the levels of stress and mental health among intact and single mothers of both districts. There was no significant difference found between the urban and rural children of intact and single parent families with child adjustment and behavioral problems. There was significant difference found between stress and anxiety level before and after the intervention program. Thus the intervention program was found to be effective in reducing the stress and anxiety levels of single mothers.
