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University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad
The University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad was established on October 1, 1986.
The University has 5 Colleges, 27 Research Stations, 6 Agriculture Extension Education Centers, 6 Krishi Vigyan Kendras and ATIC. The University has its jurisdiction over 7 districts namely Bagalkot, Belgaum, Bijapur, Dharwad, Gadag, Haveri, and Uttar Kannada in northern Karnataka. Greater diversity exists in soil types, climate, topography cropping and farming situations. The jurisdiction includes dry-farming to heavy rainfall and irrigated area. Important crops of the region include sorghum, cotton, rice, pulses, chilli, sugarcane, groundnut, sunflower, wheat, safflower etc. The region is also known for many horticultural crops.
Considerable progress has been registered in the field of education, research and extension from this University.
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ThesisItem Open Access Performance of Grama Sabha in Implementation of Rural Development Programmes in Panchayat Raj System(University of Agriculture Sciences, Dharwad, 2018-04) Supriya B.B.; Natikar K.V.The study was undertaken in University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad during 2015-2016 in three districts Dharwad, Gadag and Uttara Kannada. ‘Ex-post facto’ research design was used. The size of the sample for the study was 180. A scale was developed to measure the ‘performance of grama sabha’ by considering powers, meetings, duties and functions of Grama Sabha. A schedule was developed to measure the participation of people in grama sabha considering planning and budgeting of rural development programmes, social audit and finalization of programmes and beneficiary selection. The performance of grama sabha was ‘very good’ in ‘conducting the meetings’ (63.89%) and in ‘creating awareness among rural people’ (53.89%). While, the performance was ‘good’ in maintaining the quorum not less than one-tenth of the total members of Grama Sabha (56.11 %) and for ‘identification and selection of eligible beneficiaries for developmental programmes’ (54.44%). The performance of grama sabha was ‘average’ in ‘prohibiting liquor and gambling in the area of the village’ (46.67 %). Participation of people in grama sabha was highest in ‘finalization of rural development programmes and beneficiaries selection’ (76.25%). The performance and participation of the people in Grama Sabha was more in Uttara Kannada district with mean values of 2.25 and 2.18 followed by Dharwad with mean values of 2.08 and 1.97 respectively. ‘Low level’ of performance in executing ‘powers of Grama Sabha’ and people’s participation in ‘planning and budgeting of rural development programmes’. Medium level of participation (70.81 %) observed in social audit. The suggestions given by people were to ‘avoid dominance in beneficiary selection’ (84.12%), ‘transparency in budget utilization’ (82.00%) and ‘fixing of dates in advance by the local governments’ (81.60 %).ThesisItem Open Access A Study on Farmers Attitude, Knowledge and Adoption Regarding Bt Cotton(University of Agriculture Sciences, Dharwad, 2018-03) Sankaratti Shreedevi A; Halakatti S. V.Present research study was conducted during 2016-17 in Dharwad, Belagavi and Haveri districts of Karnataka coming under the jurisdiction of the University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad. Ex-post- facto research design was used for the study. In each district two talukas with maximum area under Bt cotton cultivation were selected. Thus, 180 farmers formed the sample for study. Scale was developed for the study for measuring the attitude of farmers towards Bt cotton. The scale was standardized for wider applicability. Maximum farmers (42.00%) had medium level of knowledge about Bt cotton cultivation. All farmers had correct knowledge of sowing time and sowing method. Forty per cent of farmers had favorable attitude towards Bt cotton. All farmers agreed to the statement Bt cotton gives higher yield than non-Bt cotton. While 88.00 per cent of the farmers agreed that pest incidence was less in Bt cotton than in non-Bt cotton. Medium adoption category had 39.00 per cent of farmers. All farmers adopted suitable variety and manual dibbling method for sowing. Majority of the farmers (83.00 %) adopted the recommended seed rate and 46.00 per cent were found in the medium socio-economic status category. Maximum farmers faced constraints in Bt cotton cultivation. As high as 73.21 per cent of farmers expressed lack of agricultural labours during peak season followed by lack of pure and quality seeds of Bt cotton (68.80 %) and non-availability of seed at proper time (61.71%). Suggestion made by farmers included timely availability of quality seeds (81.67%) and inputs should be made available at cheaper price (63.89%). Some farmers were not convinced about pheromone trap, trap crop and intercrop and some farmers had not adopted simple practices like choosing a right fungicide, concentration and recommended quantity of fertilizer. Extension programmes through farmer’s field schools would certainly help to bridge these gaps.ThesisItem Open Access Physiological Investigations of Reproductive Phases for Heat Tolerance in Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) Genotypes(University of Agriculture Sciences, Dharwad, 2018-07) Kiran B.A.; Chimmad V. P.Two season field experiments was carried out at Main Agricultural Research Station, Dharwad, during rabi 2016-17 and 2017-18 with five and twenty-two chickpea genotypes for evaluation of reproductive behaviour, protein profiling and productivity under different temperature regimes achieved by altering dates of sowing. High temperature significantly affected negatively the phenophases and thermal indices of the chickpea genotypes under D3 (46th SMW) temperature regime as compared to D1 (41st SMW) and D2 (43rd SMW). Among the genotype, JAKI-9218 was slow to initiate flower and pods, late in maturity and accumulated highest GDD, PTI and HUE for all the phenophases. The lipid peroxidation increased from 27.00 to 36.65 % with increase in the day/night temperature between D2 and D3 temperature regime at 30 days after 50% flowering. D1 and D2 temperature regimes recorded higher total number of flowers, pollen germination, pollen fertility, pollen density and fertile and sterile pollen diameter in all genotypes as compared to D3 temperature regime. Among genotypes JG-14 performance was superior in all parameters and under all dates of sowing. SDS-PAGE analysis of protein profiling in pollen grains showed production of additional polypeptides of MW 158.2-12.9 kDa and MW of 112.0-17.1 kDa in leaves appeared in chickpea genotypes. The D2 temperature regime recorded significantly higher values for seed weight, test weight, haulm weight, number of seeds and number of pods per plant with less flowers to pod ratio (3.08) and higher yield (2463 kg ha-1) while the genotype JG-11 (46 %), JG-14 (29 %),, Annigeri-1 (29 %) and KAK-2 (24 %) recorded a higher per cent increase in yield under D2 as compared D1 and D3. This study emphasised that fifteen days delayed sowing from normal date produced higher yield and the genotypes viz., Annigeri-1, JG-11, JG-14, JG-130, BGD-103 and RSG-44 were identified as high yielding temperature tolerant.ThesisItem Open Access Synthesis, Characterization and Evaluation of Coppera and Sulphur Nanoparticles Against Major Plant Pathogens(University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad, 2018-03) Swamy, Chikkanna; Nargund, V.B.Green nanotechnology is the current requirement in plant pathology and considering the magnitude of this novel technology, investigations were undertaken on green synthesis of copper nanoparticles (CuNPs) and sulphur nanoparticles (SNPs), characterization and evaluation against the major plant pathogens to mitigate the disease problem effectively both in vitro and in vivo condition at College of Agriculture, University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad. Green syntheses of NPs were attempted from seven plants by six methods in copper and two methods in sulphur. Particle Size Analyzer confirmed the average diameter of nanoparticles was < 100 nm [CuNPs (32.5 nm) and SNPs (56.00 nm)]. Circular to irregular in shape of NPs was confirmed by AFM and SEM. Recovery of CuNPs and SNPs was highest in pome granate pericarp mediated synthesis. Major five fungal and three bacterial plant pathogens were isolated by standard procedure and characterized by molecular techniques. CuNPs inhibited the cent per cent spore germination of Exserohilum turcicum at 500 ppm. SNPs showed cent per cent inhibition of spore germination of Golovinomyces cichoracearum at 10 ppm. Mango leaf based CuNPs inhibited the growth of Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. punicae (17.33 mm) and Ralstonia solanacearum (12.00 mm) at 2,000 ppm. In chickpea, SNPs at 1,000 ppm recorded highest seed quality parameters by paper towel method and was on par with carboxin (37.5 %) + thiram (37.5 %). Under glasshouse condition, SNPs at 500 and 1,000 ppm managed the greengram and cowpea powdery mildew diseases respectively. Citrus canker and bacterial wilt of tomato diseases were significantly managed by CuNPs over untreated control and remained on par with standard antibiotic check. Green synthesized CuNPs and SNPs were found effective in reducing the diseases caused by major fungal pathogens compared to bacteria at lower concentrations. No phytotoxic symptoms were observed on tomato seedlings at 2000 ppm.ThesisItem Open Access Bio-Efficacy and Phyto-Toxicity of Pre and Post-Emergence Herbicides on Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) and Soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merrill]; and Residual Effect on Succeeding Crops(University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad, 2018-07) Shilpa H.D.; Malligawad, Lokanath H.The field experiment was conducted at Main Agricultural Research Station. University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad on medium black clay soil during two consecutive years (2015-16 and 2016-17) in kharif-rabi sequence. Results indicated that pre-emergence application of alachlor 50 EC, pendimethalin 30 EC, butachlor 50 EC, pendimethalin 38.7 CS and oxyfluorfen 23.5 EC effectively controlled annual grassy and broad leaved weeds in groundnut/soybean and had no residual toxicities on all the succeeding crops. Post-emergence application of quizalofop ethyl 5 EC, propaquizafop 10 EC and fenoxaprop-p-ethyl 9 EC effectively controlled only annual grassy weeds and they did not show any residual toxicities on all the succeeding crops. On the contrary, post-emergence application of imazethapyr 10 SL (100 g/ha) although suppressing the growth and development of annual grassy and broad leaved weeds, but resulted in residual toxicities in succeeding crops. The severity of imazethapyr residual toxicity on succeeding crops was greater on grain amaranth > sorghum > wheat > maize > safflower > chickpea. Yield components, dry pod weight/plant, total number of pods/plant, 100 dry pod weight in groundnut and; total number of pods/plant, seed weight/plant and 100 seed weight in soybean and B:C ratio were more in treatments which received pre-emergence herbicides, post-emergence herbicides and weed free check treatment over weedy check treatment and treatment which received post-emergence application of imazethapyr 10 % SL @ (100 g/ha). Significantly lower dehydrogenase (μg TPF formed/g soil/d ) phosphatase (pnp formed/g soil/h) and urease activity (μg NH4-N formed/g soil/d), in preceding as well as succeeding crops was recorded with post-emergence application of imazethapyr 10 SL (100 g/ha).ThesisItem Open Access Response of Turmeric (Curcuma longa l.) Varieties to Methods of Irrigation and Graded Levels of Fertilizer(University of Agricultural Science, Dharwad, 2017-05) Satyareddi, Sunil A.; Angadi, S.S.A field experiment was conducted during 2012-13 and 2013-14 to study the response of turmeric varieties to methods of irrigation and graded levels of fertilizer at Agricultural Research Station, Kalloli, using split-split plot design replicated thrice. Treatment comprised of irrigation methods in main plot (Drip, Ridges and furrow and Sprinkler each at 50 per cent depletion of available soil moisture-DASM), genotypes in sub plot (cv. Cuddapah and cv. Pratibha and graded levels of fertilizer in sub-sub plot (180:90:90, 225:112.5:135 and 270:135:180 kg N:P2O5:K2O ha-1) with one control (Furrow irrigation at weekly interval with cv. Cuddapah and application of 180:90:90 kg N:P2O5:K2O ha-1). Drip irrigation at 50 per cent DASM recorded significantly higher cured finger rhizomes (3.67 t ha-1) and curcumin yield (188.2 kg ha-1) and water use efficiency (WUE) of 258.5 kg ha-cm-1 with water saving of 31.6 per cent over control. Cudappah variety was superior over cv. Pratibha in cured finger rhizomes yield (3.59 t ha-1). Pratibha variety resulted in higher curcumin content (6.30 %) and curcumin yield (201.1 kg ha-1). Application of 270:135:180 kg N:P2O5:K2O ha-1 resulted in higher cured finger rhizomes (3.51 t ha-1) and curcumin yield (178.5 kg ha-1) which was on par with 225:112.5:135 kg N:P2O5:K2O ha-1. Drip irrigation at 50 per cent DASM with cv. Cudappah and 270:135:180 kg N:P2O5:K2O ha-1 recorded significantly higher cured finger rhizomes yield (4.07 t ha-1) and WUE (282.4 kg ha-cm-1). Drip irrigation at 50 per cent DASM with cv. Pratibha and 270:135:180 kg N:P2O5:K2O ha-1 recorded higher curcumin yield (241.5 kg ha-1), B-C ratio (2.71) and net return ( 2.83 lakh ha-1) which was on par with drip irrigation at 50 per cent DASM with 225:112.5:135 kg N:P2O5:K2O ha-1 cv. Pratibha and cv. Cudappah. Results indicated that irrespective of the varieties, drip irrigation with application of 225:112.5:135 kg N:P2O5:K2O ha-1 resulted in higher yield and economics.ThesisItem Open Access Marital, Parenting, Job and Life Satisfaction Through the Lens of Women: A Mixed Research Method(University of Agricultural Science, Dharwad, 2017-09) Leema Rajkumari; Khadi, Pushpa B.The marital, parenting and job satisfaction of women as well as its effects on life satisfaction was studied on a sample of 192 from Dharwad and 205 from Lamphelpat, Manipur during the year 2014-16 at the University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad. A QUAN-qual mixed research method was employed. Marital, parenting, job and life satisfaction scales; socio-economic status and self-esteem scales; and big five inventory were used. Results revealed significant difference between marital, parenting and job satisfaction among rural women, wherein Dharwad women were significantly in higher proportion in high level of marital and job satisfaction than Lamphelpat women and Lamphelpat women were significantly higher on parenting satisfaction. But, urban women of both regions were similar on marital and parenting satisfaction. Higher percentage of rural women of Dharwad (86.7 %) and Lamphelpat (68 %) fell in high level of job satisfaction. Dharwad women had high level of life satisfaction than Lamphelpat women. Marital and parenting satisfaction was inter-related but not with life satisfaction. The predictors accounted for variances ranging from 16.3 to 38.6 per cent on marital, 25.2 to 54.4 per cent on parenting, 16.1 to 51.4 per cent on job and 17.5 to 43.9 per cent on life satisfaction. The phenomenological analysis revealed that promoters of marital and parenting satisfaction revolved around members of the family, their respect towards each other and quality of their intimacy. Choice in marital partner propelled individuals with commitments and efforts for successful marriage. When companionship desire was not met through partner there were wild thoughts and frustrations. Women of both regions were facing various challenges in their marital, parenting and job sphere so a resource material was provided as guidance for facing the challenges. It was distributed to 30 women who found that the information was helpful for managing stress, learning forgiveness and self-actualization.ThesisItem Open Access Studies on Soil Carbon Dynamics in Major Production Systems in Zone III and Zone VIII of Northern Karnataka(University of Agricultural Science, Dharwad, 2016-06) Jayaprakash, R.; Yeledhalli, N.A.A study was undertaken to know the dynamics of soil carbon fractions in irrigated and rainfed ecosystems of northern Karnataka involving Zone III and Zone VIII under UAS Dharwad in the year 2014-15 in both rabi and kharif season. Surface samples (0-20 cm) and a representative pedon was collected from different cropping system namely sugarcane, cotton and maize in irrigated condition, whereas groundnut, chilli and soybean from rainfed condition. Soils were analyzed for different carbon fractions at UAS Dharwad in the department of soil science and agricultural chemistry like water soluble carbon, microbial carbon, microbial nitrogen, particulate organic carbon, readily oxidizable carbon and total organic carbon. Among the different cropping system studied sugarcane cropping system accounted for higher soil carbon fractions in soil than the rest of the cropping systems. Irrigated ecosystem registered higher build up of soil carbon fractions compared to rainfed ecosystem. Our results clearly indicated that the application of organic amendments along with inorganic fertilizer improved the SOC (soil organic carbon) content. Integrated nutrient management practices followed in irrigated system, where higher amount of organic manure along with balanced application of fertilizers added in to the soil resulted in higher build up and turnover of Total organic carbon (TOC) in soil. The Study of the different pedons revealed that soil carbon fractions like water soluble carbon, microbial biomass carbon, microbial biomass nitrogen, particulate organic carbon, readily oxidizable carbon and total organic carbon decreased significantly with increase in depth. The effective soil management practices such as combined application of fertilizer and organic amendments led to increased activity of soil enzymes which indirectly increased the SOC turnover and buildup in irrigation ecosystem. TOC was positively and significantly correlated with aggregate stability, organic carbon, particulate organic carbon and water soluble carbon.ThesisItem Open Access Agricultural Development and Food Security In India and Nigeria: a Comparative Economic Analysis(University of Agricultural Science, Dharwad, 2016-06) Isah Musa Ahmad; Kiresur, V.R.The study aimed at comparing the agricultural development and food security between India and Nigeria. The mean GDP of India was seven times higher than that of Nigeria while GDP per capita of Nigeria was statistically higher to that of India. Service sector contributes highest to GDP but in Nigeria it was agriculture. The average productivity of major agricultural crops in India was averagely higher in India except in sorghum, millet, groundnut, coffee and cotton. There was a declining growth trend of cattle and camel population in India while in Nigeria the declined growth trend was in sheep and goat during the study period. Decomposition analysis in India indicated a productivity-led growth of cereals, area-led growth in pulses, fruits and non-food crops while in Nigeria there was a productivity-led growth in non-food, and an area-led growth in cereals, vegetables and oilseed crops, respectively. The food demand and supply gap in projection reveals that India would be in a surplus of all food commodity group(s) in the year 2020, 2025 and 2030 except in sorghum, pulses and oilseeds while Nigeria would be in surplus of maize, sorghum and fruits in the year 2020 and pulses in the year 2020, 2025 and 2030 respectively. Engel curve identifies similarity in consumption expenditure on food item in both the two countries. Meat, fish, beverages and fruits were revealed as superior food items in India and in Nigeria milk and milk products are superior food items. Food security multi- dimensional index places India at 60.76 per cent and Nigeria at 54.60 per cent improvement on food security.
