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University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad
The University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad was established on October 1, 1986.
The University has 5 Colleges, 27 Research Stations, 6 Agriculture Extension Education Centers, 6 Krishi Vigyan Kendras and ATIC. The University has its jurisdiction over 7 districts namely Bagalkot, Belgaum, Bijapur, Dharwad, Gadag, Haveri, and Uttar Kannada in northern Karnataka. Greater diversity exists in soil types, climate, topography cropping and farming situations. The jurisdiction includes dry-farming to heavy rainfall and irrigated area. Important crops of the region include sorghum, cotton, rice, pulses, chilli, sugarcane, groundnut, sunflower, wheat, safflower etc. The region is also known for many horticultural crops.
Considerable progress has been registered in the field of education, research and extension from this University.
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ThesisItem Open Access STUDIES ON THE INSECT PEST COMPLEX OF MARIGOLD (Tagetes sp.) WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO THRIPS CALIOTHRIPS INDICUS BAGNALL (THYSANOPTERA: THRIPIDAE)(University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad, 1999) SUMBAD, RAMESH S; NAGANAGOUD, AInvestigations on various aspects covering pest complex on marigold, survey and status of insect pests, seasonal incidence of insects pests, biology of thrips (Caliothrips indicus Bagnall), screening different varieties o f marigold and evaluation of synthetic insecticides and neem products was under taken at the Department of Agricultural Entomology, Agriculture College and Regional Research Station, Raichur, Karnataka during 1997-98. Studies on the surveillance o f various insects pests on marigold revealed five insects belonging to lepidopterist, 12 insects from hemiptera, 12 insects from coleoptera and 10 insects belonging to orthoptera as major, minor or as negligible insect pest at Raichur. Roving survey results revealed that the thrips {Caliothrips indicus Bagnall) incidence on marigold was noticed in all the three districts (Viz., Bidar, Gulbarga and Raichur). The thrips incidence was maximum (7.73 / leaf ) during vegetative stage of marigold at Raichur. The jassids and defoliators (T /- , Helicoverpa armigera Hb. Spodoptera litura F. , ash weevil and grass hopper) were also recorded in all the three districts. Peak incidence of thrips and H. armigera was recorded in all the three districts surveyed. Maximum incidence of thrips and H. armigera was recorded at Raichur and Bidar districts respectively during flowering stage of mangold. The studies on seasonal incidence o f pests of marigold revealed the peak appearance of the thrips between January and May, jassids between October and November and H. armigera during December. To obtain higher flower yield in mangold August, September and October months plantings were found to be suitable. The total life cycle of thrips, C. indicus occupied an average o f 16.80 3.24 days from opposition to adult emergence on marigold and it was 17.90 3.60 days on groundnut. Marigold genotypes screened against several pests, revealed that dwarf red Dharwad, Crimson red tall and Red tall marigold registerd the lower pest population. However, French dwarf marigold was highly susceptible to thrips and H. armigera. Among the twelve synthetic and botanical insecticides tested monocrotophos, dimethpate, acephate, fenvalerate and spinosad were found to be superior to the rest in reducing the sucking pests and H. armigera incidence. Higher yields were obtained from inonocrotophos treated plot followed by dimethoate.ThesisItem Open Access EVALUATION OF FLY ASH IN THE MANAGEMENT OF INSECT PESTS(University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad, 1999) BADARI PRASAD, P. R.; NAGANAGOUD, AABSTRACT NOT AVAILABLEThesisItem Open Access STUDIES ON TOXICITY OF PESTICIDES TO EARTHWORMS(University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad, 1999) MAHANTHA SWAMY, M V; PATIL, B VStudies on toxicity of different pesticides to earth worm eudrilus ugeniae by incorporation and topical application method was conducted at Department of Agncultural Entomology, College of Agnculture, Raichur - 584 101 dunng 1998-99. Results indicated that maximum mortality was recorded in case of incorporation method than topical apphcation o f pesticides to food matenal. Among the different pesticides monocrotophos 36 SL, endosulfan 35 EC and qumalphos 20 AF were extremely toxic; glyphosate 48 EC, methylparathion 2% dust dicofol 18.5 EC, paraquat 24 WSL, carbaryl 50% WP were moderately toxic; fenvelerate 20 EC, mancozeb 75 % WP, malathion 5% dust, wettable sulphur 80% WP were less toxic and botamcals were safe to earthworms. Endosulfan 35 EC was found extremely toxic to all the four species of earthworms viz., Eisenia foetida, Pertom’x excavatus, Lampito mauntii and E. eugeniae which caused mortalit>' of more than 50 per cent. The pattern of lethalit}' and extent of mortality of earthworms in carbofuran 3 G, carbendazim 50 WP, trifluralin 48 EC and dicofol 18.5 EC were different with respect to different species of earthworms. Eisenia foetida was less susceptible as compared to other three species of earthworm. Mortality' of earthworm, E. eugeniae was maximum wath treatment 25 per cent higher than the recommended dosage of pesticides viz., carbofuran 3 G, endosulfan 35 EC, carbendazim 50 WP, trifluralin 48 EC and dicofol 18.5 EC as compared to recommended dosage o f above pesticides. There was no significant difference between the reduced dosage treatments. Endosulfan 35 EC recorded longer residual toxicity among different pesticides tested.ThesisItem Open Access STUDIES ON THE PEST STATUS OF LEAFHOPPERS IN GROUNDNUT AND THEIR MANAGEMENT(University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad, 1999) SRINIVASULU, B V; SOMASEKHARABSTRACT NOT AVAILABLEThesisItem Open Access STUDIES ON BIOAGENTS OF SEMILOOPER, Thysanoplusia orichalcea (FAB.) (NOCTUIDAE: LEPIDOPTERA) WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO Cantheconidea furcellata (WOLFF.) (PENTATOMIDAE: HEMIPTERA) IN SUNFLOWER(University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad, 1998) REVANNAVAR, RAVENNA; LAKKUNDI, N HABSTRACT NOT AVAILABLEThesisItem Open Access STUDIES ON RESISTANCE TO INSECTICIDES IN Spodoptera litura (Fabricius) ON GROUNDNUT(University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad, 1999) G K, RAME GOWDA; BASAVANA GOUD, KIrrespective of the insecticides, maximum loss of sensitivity was observed in Manvi strain (39.09% mortality) followed by Hospet (68.48%) strain which represented high pesticide usage areas. Whereas strains from low pesticide pressured areas were highly sensitive with more than 80.00 percent larval mortality. Irrespective of the strains, maximum loss of sensitivity was for monocrotophos (65.56%) followed by carbaryl (68.89%). Resistance to monocrotophos was highest (8.48 folds) followed by endosulfan (3.30), quinalphos (2.00) and cypermethrin (1.61). Higher levels of resistance, irrespective of the insecticides was noticed from medium (3.80-9.79) and high (4.08- 5.07) pesticide usage areas. The dynamics of resistance to monocrotophos was static from September to February (33.1 2 - 37.66 folds) except during October (44.99). Later the resistance build-up was fast, reaching a peak of 93.1 1 folds during April. Sesame oil, honge oil and pundi oil exhibited higher synergistic action with synergistic ratios of 14.32, 11.97 and 10.85 for cypermethrin and 3.32, 2.84 and 3.41 for monocrotophos, respectively. The pathogenisity of microbial agents, Viz., Spodoptera litura nuclear polyhedrosis virus. Bacillus thuringiensis sub sp. kurstaki and Nomuraea rileyi to susceptible and resistant strains of S.litura remained same. B.thuringiensis and SI NPV were more effective against resistant populations of S.litura by causing 74 and 72 percent larval mortality, respectively compared to quinalphos (60%). N. rileyi was least effective with 34.00 percent larval mortality. Among the new molecules of insecticides tested, polytrin C-44, profenofos and carbosulfan were highly effective causing more than 96 percent larval mortality; whereas cypermethrin was totally ineffective without causing any mortality followed by monocrotophos which caused only 20.00 percent mortality.ThesisItem Open Access STUDIES ON BIOECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT OF GROUNDNUT POD BUG (Elasmolomus sordidus F.) (Hemiptera : Lygaeidae)(University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad, 1999) KULKARNI, VENKATESH S; DESHPANDE, V PThe bioecology and management of groundnut pod bug (Elasmolomus sordidus) was conducted in field and laboratory at Laxmeshwar and University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad, respectively during 1997-98. The population of pod bug in groundnut ecosystem fluctuated between 3.10 to 12.31 per 78.53 sq.cm. Maximum of 30.22 per 78.53 sq.cm was recorded in godown. In addition to crop plants and perennial trees weed host Solanum nigrum was found to harbour the pod bug throughout the year. The average incubation and nymphal period encountered during the study were 7 89, 7.50, 7.32 days and 30.71, 30.53, 27.38 days on groundnut, sunflower and sesamum, respectively. The adult longevity recorded was 15.49, 15.25 and 13.33 days wrth a fecundity rate of 15.4, 15.2, 13.2 on these respective produce. Earwig (Labidura sp.) and cricket (Gryllus sp.) were two predators recorded on pod bug with the maximum population upto 9.00 per half kg of litter and 2.33 per square metre, respectively. Earwig consumed 24.26 eggs and 3.09 adults per day. A similar trend was also noticed in the predatory behaviour of cricket. Sesamum (E-8) was preferred over sunflower by recording maximum bug congregation of 28.54 for 10 days exposure period. Sesamum recorded significantly higher loss of weight and oil content in 30 days exposure compared to sunflower under free choice condition. A study on field and storage loss revealed that stack and store treated with chemical could reduce the pod damage upto 46.24 per cent. The stack treated pods recorded minimum oil reduction (7.45%) as compared stack untreated pods (23.09%). There was no significant differences among groundnut entries screened against pod bug damage. Chlorpyriphos and malathion dust were found superior in the management of pod bug causing mortality upto 90 per cent. Soil treatment with chlorpyriphos and heap treatment with botanicals or chemicals resulted better control over heap treatment alone.ThesisItem Open Access MANAGEMENT OF BRINJAL SHOOT AND FRUIT BORER, Leucinodes orbonalis (Guen.)(University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad, 1999) SANGAPPA; AWAKNAVAR, J SInvestigation on bioefficacy of new molecules of insecticides, plant products and bioagents against shoot and fruit borer, Leucinodes orbonalis (Guen.) infesting shoot, flower bud and fruits of the brinjal [Solanum melongena L.) were undertaken at Main Research Station, Dharwad during kharif 1998-99. The efficacy of six new molecules with the recommended insecticide sprayed five times with an interval of 20 days commencing from 30 days after transplanting against shoot and fruit borer on brinjal revealed that thiodicorb 75 WP (3) 0.15 percent and profenophos 50 EC @ 0.10 percent reduced shoot, flower bud and fruit infestation and recorded highest healthy fruit yield of 158.25 and 147.23 quintals per hectare, respectively as compared to control (86.93 q/ha). Among the new chemicals tested profenophos recorded maximum benefit-cost ratio (6.04). Among the bioagents tested, Bacillus thuringiensis (Dipel 8L) @ 1 kg/ha and neem seed kernel extract at 5 percent reduced L.orbonalis infestation. The highest healthy fruit yield was recorded in B.t. treated plot (116.21 q/ha) which was not cost-effective with lowest benefit; cost ratio of 1.59 whereas neem seed kernel extract at 5 percent (106.33 q/ha) had a highest benefit : cost ratio (3.88). The performance of inundative release of egg parasitoid, Trichogramma chilonis @ 2.0, 1.5 and 1.0 lakh per ha in five installments starting from 30 days after transplanting with 20 days intervals against L. orbonalis were studied. The results revealed that T. chilonis released @ 2.0 and 1.5 lakh per ha gave significant reduction in shoot, flower bud and fruit infestation and recorded 123.25 and 115.86 q/ha healthy fruit yield, respectively.ThesisItem Open Access ROLE OF BEE ATTRACTANTS IN ENHANCING PRODUCTIVITY AND QUALITY OF SESAMUM(University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad, 1999) PATIL, BASANAGOUDA; VIRAKTAMATH, SHASHIDHARInvestigations were carried out to study the pollinator fauna, role of bee attractants in enhancing pollinators visitation, productivity, and quality of sesamum, during Kharif season of 1998 on the campus of the University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad. Totally 13 species of pollinators were recorded. Among these, Apis dorsata F. was the most dominant constituting 63.07 percent of the total pollinators followed by A. mellifera L. (21.28%), A. cerana F. (6.67%), A. florea F. (5.68%) and other pollinators (3.26%). Foraging activity of A. dorsata and A. mellifera was initiated at 0600-0800 hr (0.33-0.66 bees/5 flowers/min) and attained peak of 2.66 to 4.66 bees/5 flowers/min at 1000-1200 hr. Spraying of bee attractants, Bee-Q @12.5 g/l and Bee-here @ 4ml/l had significant influence in attracting more number of-4. dorsata, A. mellifera and other pollinators up to 5th day after first (10% flowering) and second (50% flowering) spray. Consequently, significantly more number of pods (52.29-54.41 pods/plant vs 36,37 and 30.07 in open pollinated and caged crop, respectively), seeds (64.29-66.60 seeds/pod as against 52.60 and 41.57 seeds/pod, respectively) and heavier seeds (1000 seed weight 4.26-4.40 g as against 3.31 and 2.77g in control plots, respectively) were recorded in these treatments. Highest yield of 8.93 and 8.70 q/ha was obtained in the treatments with Bee-here @ 4ml/l and Bee-Q 12.5g/l, respectively as against 6.25 and 4.85 q/ha in open-pollinated and caged plots, respectively. Thus there was an increase of 42.85 and 84.12 percent and 39.16 and 79.38 percent over the open-pollinated and caged plot, respectively. Oil content of the seeds was not influenced by the spray of attractants. However, Bee-Q (5)12.5 g and Bee-here @ 4ml/l significantly improved other qualitative parameters viz., percent germination (91.83-94.83% as against 70.09% in open-pollinated and 63.00% in caged crop), shoot length (5.03-5.43, as against 3.60 and 3.04 cm in open pollinated and caged crop, respectively) and root length (6.74-6.88 cm as against 5.51 cm in open pollinated and 3.2 cm in caged plot, respectively).