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University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad
The University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad was established on October 1, 1986.
The University has 5 Colleges, 27 Research Stations, 6 Agriculture Extension Education Centers, 6 Krishi Vigyan Kendras and ATIC. The University has its jurisdiction over 7 districts namely Bagalkot, Belgaum, Bijapur, Dharwad, Gadag, Haveri, and Uttar Kannada in northern Karnataka. Greater diversity exists in soil types, climate, topography cropping and farming situations. The jurisdiction includes dry-farming to heavy rainfall and irrigated area. Important crops of the region include sorghum, cotton, rice, pulses, chilli, sugarcane, groundnut, sunflower, wheat, safflower etc. The region is also known for many horticultural crops.
Considerable progress has been registered in the field of education, research and extension from this University.
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ThesisItem Open Access Soil Resource Inventory of Chikmegeri-3 Micro-Watershed in Koppal District Using Remote Sensing and Gis Techniques(University of Agricultural Science, Dharwad, 2015-12) Manjunatha Chari K.; Hebbara, ManjunathaA study was undertaken to assess land capability, crop suitability and land degradation status in Chikmegeri-3 micro-watershed of Koppal district. The soil survey was conducted using 1:7920 scale LISS IV satellite imagery and cadastral map. The soils were shallow to deep, dark reddish brown (2.5 YR) to very dark gray (10 YR) and sandy clay to clay in texture. The soils were classified up to family level. The exchangeable bases were in the order of Ca2+> Mg2+>Na+> K+. The soils were low in nitrogen and organic carbon, low to medium in phosphorus and sulphur, medium to high in potassium, iron, copper and manganese were sufficient and zinc was deficient. As per the land capability classification, soils belonged to class III and IV lands with limitations of texture, drainage and soil properties. Land suitability evaluation revealed that soils were suitable for pearl millet, sorghum and mulberry; moderately for soybean, groundnut, guava, pomegranate, sapota, mango, rose and jasmine and marginally for maize, finger millet, pigeonpea, chickpea and chilli crops. Water erosion and water logging were identified as major land degradation types 85.77, 7.04, 0.24 and 6.95 per cent of TGA was affected by sheet, rill, gully erosion and water logging, respectively. The soil loss studies revealed that 47.36, 21.35 and 10.14 per cent of TGA was affected by slight, moderate and severe soil loss, respectively. The low crops yield compared to their expected average yield was due to constraints of unfavorable climate and physico-chemical properties. Based on VS-Fast score approach of land degradation assessment, depth, tillage pan, surface crust and organic matter were the major constraints. Among soil quality indicators, exchangeable potassium, bulk density, mean weight diameter and dispersion index were identified as critical parameters. Soil quality indices of the mapping units ranged from medium to highThesisItem Open Access Response of Compact Cotton Genotypes to Graded Levels of Fertilizer Under Varied Planting Density and Defoliator(University of Agricultural Science, Dharwad, 2015-11) Tuppad, Giramallappa B.; Shashidhara, G. B.Field experiments were conducted under rainfed conditions at Main Agricultural Research Station, UAS, Dharwad during 2012-13 and 2013-14. One experiment consisted of three genotypes (RAH-274, SC-2028-22 and SC-7-58) as main plot, four spacings (45x10 cm, 45x15 cm, 60x10 cm and 60x15 cm) as sub plots and three fertilizer levels (80:40:40, 120:60:60 and 160:80:80kg N:P2O5:K2O/ha) under sub sub plots. Cotton genotype, RAH-274 recorded significantly higher seed cotton yield (2017 kg/ha) which was 7.5 per cent and 16.4 per cent higher over SC-2028-22 (1866 kg/ha) and SC-7-58 (1685 kg/ha), respectively. Spacing of 45x15 cm produced significantly higher seed cotton yield (2028 kg/ha) compared to rest of the spacings. Application of 160:80:80 produced significantly higher seed cotton yield (2063 kg/ha) compared to 120:60:60 kg N:P2O5:K2O/ha (1871 kg/ha) and 80:40:40 kg N:P2O5:K2O/ha (1635 kg/ha). Interaction of RAH-274 at spacing of 45x15 cm with higher level of fertilizer (160:80:80 kg N:P2O5:K2O/ha) recorded significantly higher seed cotton yield (2430 kg/ha), gross returns (.109233/ha), net returns (.75704/ha) and B:C (3.26) over other interactions. Another experiment during 2013-14 to study the effect of defoliator application on cotton genotypes under varied geometry. Application of Ethrel @ 2000 ppm recorded significantly higher seed cotton yield (2086 kg/ha) with an increase of 3.7 per cent and 8.8 per cent over Dropp Ultra @ 200 ml/ha (2009 kg/ha) and control (1902 kg/ha), respectively. The significantly higher leaf defoliation was recorded with Ethrel @ 2000 ppm (83.2 %) than Dropp Ultra @ 200 ml/ha (76.2 %) and control (45.3 %) with significantly lower number of leaves (1.2 leaves/plant) and leaf area (3.01 dm2/plant) at 18 days after defoliator spray. The fibre quality parameters were influenced by genotypes and values were within specified range. Interaction of RAH-274 at spacing of 45x15 cm with application of Ethrel @ 2000 ppm recorded significantly higher seed cotton yield (2241 kg/ha), boll opening (99.3 %), gross returns (1,00,830/ha), net returns (67,910/ha) and benefit cost ratio (3.06) over rest of interactions.ThesisItem Open Access Studies on Soil Borne Fungal Diseases of Chickpea(University of Agricultural Science, Dharwad, 2015-11) Ravichandran S.; Hegde, Yashoda R.Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) is the most important Rabi pulse crop in India. Important soil borne fungal diseases observed during survey were wilt caused by Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. ciceri,(FOC) (27.07%), dry root rot caused by Rhizoctonia bataticola (RB) (37.06%) and collar rot caused by Sclerotium rolfsii (0.65%), alone and in combination (34.32%) with the disease incidence ranging from 1.4 to 23.4 per cent. In interaction studies, JG 11 and JAKI 9218 were moderately resistant to FOC, however were susceptible to RB and S. rolfsii. In cultural studies, FOC and RB attained maximum growth at 16 and 14 days respectively. Temperature of 25 – 300C and pH of 6 to 7 were optimum for growth of these two pathogens. 32 isolates of FOC were collected and classified into three groups based on growth rate virulence index and dry mycelial weight. 20 isolates of RB collected varied in growth and dry mycelial weight. In race identification of FOC by using differentials indicated that all isolates belong to race 1a and further confirmed by amplification with specific primer. ITS rDNA sequence analysis and specific primers confirmed the identity of isolates of FOC and RB. Twenty six genotypes showed resistant reaction against FOC in wilt sick plot in two years and five genotypes remained resistant even in glasshouse screening. All tested triazoles and comi product fungicides and eucalyptus leaf extract was effective in mycelial inhibition of both pathogens. Highest inhibition of FOC was observed in Trichoderma harzianum and RB was by Pseudomonas fluorescens. Seed treatment with carboxin + thiram recorded the lowest per cent disease incidence with the highest yield and cost benefit ratio in field experiment studies in Farmer’s field, (Bailhongal) and sick plot at Kalaburgi.ThesisItem Open Access Bacteriophages : Characterization and Utilization as Biocontrol Agents Against Xanthomonas Axonopodis pv. citri (Hasse) Vauterin et al. And Ralstonia solanacearum (Smith) Yabuuchi et al.(University of Agricultural Science, Dharwad, 2015-10) Manyam, Pradeep; Nargund, V. B.Citrus canker and solanaceous bacterial wilt are the most devastating diseases which leads to heavy economic losses. In present study, bacteriophages are used as biocontrol agents against Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. citri (Xac) and Ralstonia solanacearum. Five native cultures of Xac and R. solanacearum were isolated, confirmed for their pathogenicity and molecular identity. Three phages of Xac (Xacpv1, Xacpv2 (phylloplane) and Xacpv3 (rhizosphere)) and two phages of R. solanacearum (Rspv1 (pond water) and Rspv2 (rhizosphere)) were isolated. Host range studies revealed Xacpv1and Rspv1phages with broad lytic activity on their respective hosts. All the Xac and R.solanacearum phages were chloroform insensitive and non-specific to other tested bacteria. Xacpv3 and Rspv2 phages completed their entire life cycles in 70 and 90 min with average burst sizes of 25 and 85 Plaque Forming Units (PFU) per infected cell respectively. Phage morphology of Xacpv1 and Xacpv2 showed icosahedral heads with short tails (Podoviridae). Xacpv3 and Rspv1 showed an icosahedral heads with long contractile tails (Myoviridae) and Rspv2 appeared in long contractile fibers (Inoviridae). RAPD analysis with four random primers showed that all the Xac and R. solanacearum phages were diverse in nature. In phage stability studies, Xac phages on citrus phylloplane population rapidly came down after four days of application from 8 to 3 log PFU/ml. Significant difference between formulated and unformulated phages was observed after eight days of application. In rhizosphere of tomato seedlings, both formulated and unformulated phages of R. solanacearum retained high phage concentration for 16 days. In glasshouse studies, the per cent disease reduction of citrus canker over control was maximum (61.55%) in T3 (Copper oxy Chloride (0.3%) + Streptocycline (500 ppm)) followed by T4 (Phage mix) (58.59%). The seedling stages of both tomato and brinjal phages performed better than other individual components of IDM in reducing bacterial wilt.ThesisItem Open Access Job Perception and Job Performance of Panchayath Development Officers (PDOs)(University of Agricultural Science, Dharwad, 2015-10) Bharamagoudar, Manjunath V.; Angadi, J. G.The present study was undertaken during the year 2013-14 in Dharwad, Haveri, Bagalkot and Bijapur districts of northern Karnataka. The Ex-post facto, Research design was employed for the study. One hundred fifty two PDOs formed the sample for the study. The scales were developed and standardized to measure Job Perception and Job performance of PDOs. Majority (61.18%) of the PDOs belonged to favorable job perception category. Among the components of Job Perception majority (78.54%) of PDOs had better perception of ‘Planning and development of programmes’ (78.54%) Implementation of programmes’ (76.85%) ‘Working environment’ (76.31%) and ‘Decumentation work’ (72.93%) Higher percentage (47.37%) of PDOs belonged to medium job performance category. The duties ‘ Maintenance of records relating to population census, crop census, cattle census and people below poverty line’, ‘Maintaining water supply works either on its own or by annual contract by generating adequate resources’ and ‘Providing sanitary latrines to not less than 10% of the households every year were performed excellent by 27.63,24.34,21.71 and 21.05 per cent PDOs respectively. Performance regarding construction of community latrines for use of men and women and their maintenance and removing encroachments on public streets or public places was perceived as poor by the PDOs. Forty four per cent of the PDOs perceived their workload as heavy and 40.13 Per cent experienced high levels of job stress. More than one third (38.82%) of the respondents had low job satisfaction. Majority of the respondents (57.24) were satisfied with availability of facilities and resources. All most all ODOs (96.05) perceived interference of local representatives as the major constraint in performing job activities. Over workload was the other major constraint as perceived by 83.55 per cent of PDOs.ThesisItem Open Access Moral Development of Children: Correlates and Intervention(University of Agricultural Science, Dharwad, 2015-08) Priya Kumari; Khadi, Pushpa B.Moral development of children (6 to 15 years) studied on a sample of 480 from Government and Private schools of Dharwad taluk, Karnataka and Kudra taluk, Bihar revealed that, higher proportion of children (6 to 12 years) from both regions fell in high level of moral values. A higher percentage of children of Dharwad (44%) and only 19 percent from Kudra were in very high category. Only six and thirteen percent from Dharwad and Kudra respectively fell in medium level. None of the children were in low and very low level. On moral judgment among 13 to 15 years, majority from both regions were in moderate level, while 13.9 and 16.7 percent of Dharwad and Kudra respectively were in high level. None of the children were in low level. As majority of high school children in comparison to primary school children of both regions were in moderate level and few were in high level of moral judgment, correlates of moral judgment viz., spiritual, emotional and general intelligence, parenting and family environment of 72 children of Dharwad was studied. Moral judgment was significantly and positively related to emotional intelligence, spiritual intelligence and parenting, but not with general intelligence. Few dimensions of family environment were significantly related with moral judgment. The intervention programme consisted of moral dilemmas, poems and stories facilitating character building and manners given in 20 sessions of 2 hours each with 5 session/week to 74 children in both regions. Intervention proved to be effective as the scores of moral judgment was significantly higher at post test, score on immanent justice, moral realism was significantly higher in Dharwad children while score on efficacy of severe punishment was higher in children of Kudra. There was also a shift from pre-conventional to conventional and post conventional stage of moral development among 58 percent of children.ThesisItem Open Access Inheritance and Identification of Molecular Markers Linked to Tomato Leaf Curl Virus Resistance in Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum Mill.)(University of Agricultural Science, Dharwad, 2015-07) Choudki, Vithoba M.; Sridevi, O.Tomato is an important vegetable crop grown in tropical and subtropical regions of the world. Among all diseases, Tomato Leaf Curl Virus (ToLCV) is of major concern. The present investigation was carried to understand the genetics of ToLCV resistance using segregating populations of Pusa Ruby × CLN2768A and Pusa Ruby × CLN2777H and to identify molecular markers linked to ToLCV disease resistance. The study revealed that the resistance was governed by two dominant genes with 9 : 7 ratio in both the crosses. To tag the marker linked to ToLCV resistance, a total of 66 SSR markers were employed. Among the 4 polymorphic markers obtained upon parental polymorphism screening, one marker TG0302 was found putatively linked to ToLCV resistance through bulk segregant analysis. Further single marker analysis revealed the phenotypic variance of the marker to the extent 28.1 and 26.71 per cent in the crosses Pusa Ruby × CLN2768A and Pusa Ruby × CLN2777H respectively. The generation mean analysis indicated duplicate gene action for plant height, number of primary branches, number of fruits per plant and fruit shape index in both the crosses. The presence of significant dominance x dominance type gene action for most of the traits studied, indicate the scope for hybridization to exploit heterosis. Ten superior lines were identified from both the crosses for yield and contributing traits. Less number of whiteflies settled on CLN2768A and CLN2777H and resistant genotypes of F2, B1 and B2 of both the crosses. Higher glandular trichome density on leaf lamina and midvein was recorded in resistant cultivars than that of susceptible ones. Anatomical characters of leaf indicated that resistant genotypes had higher palisade length, palisade number; cortex cell density and sucking distance than susceptible cultivars.ThesisItem Open Access Genome Mapping and Identification of Molecular Markers for Various Agronomic and Fibre Quality Traits in Tetraploid Cotton(University of Agricultural Science, Dharwad, 2015-11) Ramesh; Katageri, I.S.Based on four testing trials, in three years, DHBR-25, DHBR-43, DHBR-81, DHBR-161, DHBR-128, DHBR-156, DHBR-20, DHBR-88, DHBR-58 and DHBR-153 recorded significantly higher seed cotton yield than best parent DS-28 (853.56 kg/ha) and commercial check, Sahana (1025.63 kg/ha). The genotype DHBR-20 (1313.78 kg/ha; 24.18 g/tex) recorded significantly higher seed cotton yield with significantly higher fibre strength and on par with commercial checks, Sahana (1025.63 kg/ha; 21.52 g/tex) and MCU-5 (659.49 kg/ha; 23.13 g/tex) on other traits like ginning out turn and boll weight. It indicates the possibility of simultaneous improvement for both seed cotton yield and fibre strength through interspecific hybridization. Using CottonSNP63K array BeadChip, 178 recombinant inbred lines were genotyped. Average success call rate was 70.17 per cent. Among them, 83.26 and 16.73 per cent alleles were in homozygous and heterozygous status respectively. The genetic linkage map constructed with 2188 SNP marker loci segregating in 1:1 ratio in mapping population, covered a genetic distance of 2162 cM with an average marker density of 0.98 cM on each chromosome. The largest chromosome was Chr.D19 followed by Chr.D24 which spans 517 cM with 518 marker loci and 288 cM with 289 loci respectively. The shortest were Chr.A04, Chr.D17 and Chr.D23 each covered 11 cM with 12 marker loci. The largest gap length was observed on Chr.A11 (41.1 cM) and lowest on Chr.D19 and Chr.D22 (3 gaps) with mean of 7.45. Using four season mean data, 295, 137 and 19 QTLs were identified by single marker analysis, interval mapping and composite interval mapping respectively. Their contribution to phenotypic variance range from 7.81 to 14.24 per cent in single marker analysis, 7.59 to 39.49 per cent in interval mapping and 9.29 to 24.82 per cent composite interval mapping. QTLs with higher contribution to phenotypic variation (>10 per cent) are useful in genetic enhancement of yield, yield contributing and fibre quality traits.ThesisItem Open Access Studies on Soil Organic Carbon Sequestration Under Selected Tree Plantations and Agroforestry Systems of Northern Transition and Hill Zones of Karnataka(University of Agricultural Science, Dharwad, 2015-10) Roodagi, Mallikarjun; Gali, S.K.A study was conducted during 2012-2013 at MARS, Dharwad and ARS, Prabhunagar to evaluate the soil organic carbon stocks (SOC) under selected tree plantations and agroforestry systems. The content of total carbon, soil organic carbon and its stocks in soils varied between the tree species and also two ecosystems viz., block plantations of trees and agro ecosystems and between Northern Transition (Zone-8) and Hill (Zone-9) of Karnataka. The amount of total carbon in soil, soil organic carbon and SOC stocks were highest in the soils under teak plantation at both the locations. The soil at ARS, Prabhunagar recorded higher values than the soil at MARS Dharwad. Among the block plantations of Dharwad, total carbon, SOC and SOC stocks were in the order of Teak > Mangium > Bamboo > Tamarind > Neem > Simarouba. But, at ARS, Prabhunagar, the three parameters were in the order of Teak > Sapota > Bamboo > Simarouba. Comparison between the two ecosystems at MARS, Dharwad highlighted, soils under block plantations had much higher SOC stocks than those of agroforestry systems. In the agroforestry systems, soil of neem AFS recorded highest SOC and SOC stocks followed by pongamia AFS and sapota AFS. Due to the improvement in soil organic carbon, physical properties like water holding capacity and water stable aggregates improved under different tree covers while, bulk density decreased. There was slight decrease in the pH of soil under tree covers, whereas no appreciable change in EC was observed. The organic matter fractions viz., humic acid and fulvic acid contents, available macronutrients, micronutrients, labile carbon, water soluble carbon, dehydrogenase and phosphatase activities were higher under tree plantations and agroforestry systems. The benefits of growing trees as a component of annual crops in the agroforestry ecosystems in sequestering atmosphere carbon was quite evident from the study.