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University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad
The University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad was established on October 1, 1986.
The University has 5 Colleges, 27 Research Stations, 6 Agriculture Extension Education Centers, 6 Krishi Vigyan Kendras and ATIC. The University has its jurisdiction over 7 districts namely Bagalkot, Belgaum, Bijapur, Dharwad, Gadag, Haveri, and Uttar Kannada in northern Karnataka. Greater diversity exists in soil types, climate, topography cropping and farming situations. The jurisdiction includes dry-farming to heavy rainfall and irrigated area. Important crops of the region include sorghum, cotton, rice, pulses, chilli, sugarcane, groundnut, sunflower, wheat, safflower etc. The region is also known for many horticultural crops.
Considerable progress has been registered in the field of education, research and extension from this University.
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ThesisItem Open Access Effect of Intercrops on The Performance of Chilli + Cotton System Under Conventional and Organic Cultivation(UAS Dharwad, 2011) F.M. Duragannavar; B.N. PatilField experiments were conducted at Agricultural Research Station, Devihosur in black clayey soil under rainfed condition during 2004-06. The experiments were laid out in split plot design. The treatments comprised of two chilli genotypes (cv. Byadagi kaddi and Hy. 9646) with Jayadhar cotton as mixed crop (main plot) and six intercrops viz., soybean, french bean, coriander (vegetable), coriander (seeds), garlic and onion (sub-plot). Significantly higher dry chilli yield was recorded with genotype Hy. 9646 (1013 and 355 kg/ha) compared to cv. Byadagi (737 and 293 kg/ha) under both conventional and organic system of cultivation, respectively. Intercropping coriander (vegetable) with chilli + cotton recorded significantly higher dry chilli yield (1122 and 504 kg/ha) in conventional and organic cultivation systems, respectively. Intercropping coriander (vegetable) with chilli + cotton recorded significantly higher kapas yield (580 and 629 kg/ha) in conventional and organic cultivation, respectively. Chilli equivalent yield was highest with chilli cv. Byadagi (2189 and 1400 kg/ha) compared to chilli genotype Hy. 9646 (2096 and 1327 kg/ha) due to inclusion of chilli genotypes in intercropping with chilli + cotton in both conventional and organic system of cultivations, respectively. Intercropping garlic with chilli + cotton based cropping system recorded significantly higher chilli equivalent yield (3216 and 2443 kg/ha) compared to rest of the treatments in both conventional and organic system of cultivation. Inclusion of chilli cv. Byadagi with intercropping chilli + cotton mixed cropping system recorded significantly higher B:C ratio (2.6 and 0.69) compared to chilli genotype Hy. 9646 (2.16 and 0.44) under both conventional and organic form of cultivation. Intercropping onion with chilli + cotton accounted for significantly higher B:C ratio (3.41) in conventional cultivation while intercropping garlic with chilli + cotton recorded highest B:C ratio (1.22) under organic form of cultivation. Intercropping onion with chilli (cv. Byadagi) + cotton recorded significantly higher B:C ratio in conventional cultivation and intercropping garlic with chilli (cv. Byadagi) + cotton under organic form of cultivation.ThesisItem Open Access Naturally Coloured Cotton Designer's Apparel: an Emerging Trend in Khadi World(UAS Dharwad, 2012) Namrata M.; Shailaja D. NaikThe present study on “Naturally coloured cotton designer’s apparel: an emerging trend in khadi world” was carried out with the objectives to explore the possibilities of designing and weaving variegated stripe and checks naturally coloured cotton khadi fabrics; to assess the impact of special finishes on naturally coloured cotton khadi fabrics; to design, develop and embellish the trendy khadi apparel and enumerate consumer’s acceptance and to calculate the cost of production of designer’s khadi apparel. Six types of designer’s khadi fabrics viz., white cotton (WC), naturally coloured cotton (NCC), pin stripe, medium stripe, small checks and medium checks were constructed and subjected to bio-desizing, biopolishing and silicon softener wash. On finishing, both WC and NCC yarns became finer with slight increase in cloth count. Further considerable reduction in bending length; improvement in crease recovery angle and better drapability of all the six fabrics was observed. Whereas, tensile strength and elongation reduced; and no considerable change in abrasion and pilling was observed. Except WC, all other fabrics were further taken for designing and construction of three garments with new concept of detachable components viz., ladies top with necklines and lower panel; gent’s shirt with cuff, collar and buttonstand and gent’s kurta with collar and buttonstand were produced. Then survey was conducted in Dharwad city with a sample consisting of each 120 adolescent boys and girls between 16-22 years and 60 Home scientists to identify the suitable surface embellishments on ladies and gents apparel. Accordingly, karnataka kasuti, machine embroidery and zardosi were planned on ladies top and karnataka kasuti and machine embroidery on gents shirt and kurta. Further, consumer acceptance of designer’s khadi apparel was enumerated on the similar sample with a same sample size and locale. Ladies top-cum-kurta and gents shirt were found to be most relevant for adolescents whereas gents kurtas for early adults. Hand embroidery on all the three apparels was relevant for a traditional wear. The cost of production of designer’s ladies and gents garments were much lower than the embellished ones with detachable garment components.ThesisItem Open Access Identification of Molecular Markers for Fusarium Wilt Resistance in Pigeonpea (Cajanus Cajan)(UAS Dharwad, 2012) Nalini. A. Dharwad; P.M. SalimathThe investigation was carried out to identify the molecular markers linked to Fusarium wilt resistance in pigeonpea and to identify the high yielding lines associated with Fusarium wilt resistance. Cultivars, ‘ICP 8863’, a highly resistant genotype to Fusarium wilt and ‘GS-1’ a highly susceptible genotype were used as parents to develop mapping population. ‘ICP 8863’ and ‘GS-1’ were crossed during kharif 2007 and advanced to get F2 during kharif 2008. A total of 492 SSR markers were employed to assign the parental polymorphism. Of them only two markers (P70 and P155) were found polymorphic. These two markers were analysed through bulk segregant analysis in F2 in which SSR marker P70 confirmed its close linkage with trait of interest. Marker P70 was genotyped in RILs of 150 populations to validate the genetic linkage of the marker. The segregation pattern based on both phenotypic value of the wilt reaction and marker data in RILs analysed through chisquare test confirmed the expected results. High yielding pigeonpea RILs associated with Fusarium wilt resistance were isolated from the experiments conducted at UAS, Dharwad and ARS, Gulbarga during 2009-2012. It was possible to isolate transgressive wilt resistant plants in F2 and high yielding resistant recombinant inbred lines (RILs) from RIL population derived from ‘Maruti’ × ‘GS-1.’ Lines/plants were selected based on seed yield and yield related traits such as 100 seed weight and no .of pods per plant. Phenotyping 288 F2 plants for yield related traits and screening F2:3 for Fusarium wilt reaction helped to isolate 10 transgressive wilt resistant plants in F2 seed yield ranging from 169.15 to 217.78 g per plant and 100 seed weight from 9.14 to 13.57 g. Further, two high yielding wilt resistant RILs, 109 and 243 were identified with seed yield of 15.33 and 13.65 q per ha and with seed weight of 10.08 and 11.19 g, respectively.ThesisItem Open Access Endotoxin Expression as Influenced by Nutrient Levels and Nitrogen Split Application and Refuge Crop Management in Bt Cotton Under Irrigation(UAS Dharwad, 2012) Basavanneppa M.A.; V.V. AngadiAmong two field experiments conducted at Agricultural Research Station, Siruguppa during 2007-08 and 2008-09, the experiment entitled “d-endotoxin expression as influenced by nutrient levels and N split application on Bt cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) genotypes under irrigation” was laid out in split-split plot design with V1: MECH-162 Bt, V2: RCH-2 Bt, V3: JK-Durga Bt (BG-I) and V4: MRC-7201 (BG-II) genotypes as main plots, nutrient levels F1: 120:60:60 (Recommended), F2:160:80:80 and F3: 200:100:100 (Farmers’ practice) N:P2O5:K2O kg ha-1 as sub plots and nitrogen split application A: 50% N as basal + 50% N in three equal splits at 50, 80 and 110 DAS + foliar spray of urea @ 2% at 80 and 100 DAS and B: 12.5% N as basal and at 30, 90 and 120 DAS and 50% N at 60 DAS with foliar spray of urea @ 2% at 105 and 135 DAS as sub-sub plots. Second experiment on “Standardization of refuge crops/cropping systems in Bt cotton under irrigation” was laid out in RCBD with T1: 100 % Bt cotton , T2: Bt cotton (80%) + Non Bt cotton (20% as border crop), T3: Bt cotton + Non Bt cotton (8:2 row proportion), T4: Bt cotton + okra-chickpea (8:2 row proportion), T5: Bt cotton + pigeonpea (8:2 row proportion), T6: Bt cotton + maize (One week advance sowing) – chickpea (8:2 row proportion) and T7: Bt cotton + maize – chickpea (8:2 row proportion). Significantly higher seed cotton yield was recorded with MECH-162 Bt (2537 kg ha- 1) followed by RCH-2Bt. Application of 200:100:100 N:P2O5:K2O kg ha-1 recorded higher seed cotton yield (2515 kg ha-1) compared to other nutrient levels. Split application of 12.5% N as basal and at 30, 90 and 120 DAS and 50% N at 60 DAS with foliar spray of urea @ 2% at 105 and 135 DAS produced significantly higher seed cotton yield (2397 kg ha-1). V1F3B recorded significantly higher yield (2736 kg ha-1), gross return (Rs. 76600 ha-1), net return (Rs. 52690 ha-1) and B: C ratio (3.21). Higher d-endotoxin concentration (2.67 μg g-1) was observed with V3F3B at 45 DAS. Seeding with 100% Bt cotton (T1) recorded significantly superior seed cotton yield (1942 kg ha-1) compared to other treatments. Whereas, Bt cotton + okra-chickpea (8:2 row proportion) recorded highest Bt cotton equivalent yield (2446 kg ha-1), gross return (Rs 68481 ha-1), net return (46585 ha-1) and B: C ratio (3.13), which were on par with those of 100% Bt cotton.ThesisItem Open Access Innovative Behaviour and Diffusion of technolgy by Awardee Farmers in North Karnataka(UAS Dharwad, 2012) Rajashekhar T. Basanayak; L. ManjunathThe study on innovative behaviour and diffusion of technology by awardee farmers in north Karnataka was undertaken during 20011-12. Innovative behaviour scale was developed to collect the data from 120 awardee farmers by personal interview method. The analysis of the results revealed that more farmers were of middle age (45.00%), of high school education (24.17%), from medium family size (58.33%), having big land holding (35.00%) with farming experience (57.50%) having high income (62.50%) with moderate material possession (34.16%) and with high leadership ability (63.00%), level of decision making ability (63.33%) and information seeking behaviour (65.00%) among with medium mass media exposure (46.66%) and scientific orientation (56.67%) but with low extension participation (40.00%) and social participation (40.83 %). More farmers had low followed by high (32.50%) and medium (25.83%) innovativebehaviour. A positive and significant relationship was observed between education, land holding, material possession, mass media exposure, extension participation and innovative behaviour. The results of the regression analysis indicated that all the factors contributed more than 61.00 per cent of the variation in innovative behaviour. Size of the land holding, material possession, and mass media exposure and extension participation were significant predictors of innovative behaviour of awardee farmers. Ranking of factors based on their direct effect revealed that material possession, size of the land holding and extension participation occupied first three ranks. Other farmers (25%) and friends (48.33%) had consulted the awardee farmers. Cent per cent of the awardee farmers said that they had taken up farming due to their self-interest with innovativeness (98.33%).ThesisItem Open Access Studies on Organophophorus Pesticide Residues in Paddy Ecosystem and Evaluation of Zn and Fe Content in Paddy Grains and Soils of Gangavati Taluka in North Karnataka(UAS Dharwad, 2012) Selvaraj S.; N.S. HebsurThe present studies were carried out to evaluate the organophosphorus pesticide residues in soil, water and plant samples of paddy eco-system. The soil, water and paddy grain samples were collected from five farmers' fields from each village in a cluster of twelve villages and analyzed for organophosphorus residues viz., chlorpyriphos, quinalphos, monocrotophos and dichlorvos. The soils were also analysed for different fractions of zinc and iron and their contents in paddy grains. The soils were neutral to strongly alkaline in reaction, non-saline, low to high in organic carbon status with enough calcium carbonate. The analytical results indicated that chlorpyriphos was the only chemical detected in grains. In soils, chlorpyriphos was below detection limit and chemicals such as quinalphos, monocrotophos and dichlorvos were not detected. In water samples also, the concentration of these chemicals were below detection limit. The fractionation studies indicated that the order of zinc fractions in soils were: Water soluble + exchangeable Zn < Amorphous bound Zn < Manganese oxide bound Zn < Organically bound Zn < Sesquioxide bound Zn < Residual Zn < Total Zn. And dominant iron fractions were: Water soluble Fe < Exchangeable Fe < Residual Fe < Crystalline bound Fe < Amorphous iron oxide bound Fe < Total Fe. Zinc content in paddy grains varied from 12.17 ppm in Basapatna sample to 37.43 ppm in Karatagi sample with mean value of 21.39 ppm. Iron content ranged from 86.41 ppm in Sangapura sample to 213.31 ppm in Karatagi sample with mean value of 115.49 ppm. In conclusion, chlorpyriphos chemical residue was only in organophosphorus pesticide quantified in grain samples (0.01 ppm MRL) in paddy ecosystem of Gangavati taluka.ThesisItem Open Access Standardisation of Hybrid Seed Production Techniques in Watermelon (Citrulus lanatus Thunb.)(UAS Dharwad, 2012) SanjeevKumar Bellad; M.N. MerwadeThe field and laboratory investigations on standardisation of hybrid seed production techniques with respect to pollen storage, pollination time, agronomic practices, fruit load, harvesting and drying methods and storage conditioning in watermelon cv. Arka Jyothi were conducted at ARS, Kawadimatti Farm, UAS, Dharwad during rabi season 2005-06 and 2006-07. In the first field experiment, female parent pollinated between 6:00 to 7:00 am recorded higher fruit set (23.24%), seed yield per vine (23.60g) and percentage of filled seeds (84.26%) with better germination (82.49%) and vigour index (1891) compared to other pollination periods. Similarly, the female parent dusted with fresh pollen recorded higher fruit setting (25.53%), seed yield per vine (24.67g), filled seed (87.21%) and better seed quality traits as against other treatments. The second field experiment, the female parent sown at 15th January with a spacing of 3.00 x 1.00 m and fertilizer dose of 150:135:150 kg NPK/ha recorded significantly higher seed weight per fruit (4.89g), seed yield per vine (.69g) with better seed quality traits compared to 100:90:100 NPK kg/ha and 2.50 x 1.00 m spacing. In the third field experiment, the foliar spray of ethrel @ 250 ppm at fruit initiation stage recoded significantly higher fruit weight (7.32kg), 100 seed weight (7.34g) and germination (81.44%) followed by GA3 as against control (water spray). Similarly, two fruit load per vine recorded significantly higher fruit weight (7.42kg), seed weight (7.95g) and germination (82.60%) as against all fruit loads per vine. In fourth experiment fruits harvested at 65 days after anthesis and extracted seeds dried under shade recorded higher filled seed percentage, germination and vigour. In the storage experiment, seeds treated with thiram and stored in aluminium pouch recorded higher germination (82.89%) and vigour (1698) compared to untreated seeds stored in cloth bag through out the twelve month storage period.ThesisItem Open Access Work-Family Commitment, Marital and Job Satisfaction of University Teachers : A Gender Analysis(UAS Dharwad, 2012) Pooja Holeyannavar; Pushpa B. Khadi“Work-Family Commitment, Marital and Job Satisfaction of University Teachers-A Gender Analysis” undertaken on a sample of 165 University teachers revealed that more than half of the SAU (54.5%) and about 3/4th of Non-SAU (74.5%) teachers possessed high workfamily commitment. Significant interactionary effects of gender and cadre, indicated that males with professor and above cadre revealed higher work-family commitment than females. This trend did not prevail among assistant and associate professors. Most of the SAU (83.8%) and Non-SAU (94.1%) teachers had high level of marital satisfaction and majority of them (SAU-90.9% & Non-SAU teachers-87.3%) expressed high level of job satisfaction. The interaction effect of university and gender was significant indicating that male teachers showed higher job satisfaction among Non-SAUs. The teachers of both SAU and Non-SAUs revealed average to high levels of all the big five factors of personality. The SAU teachers ranked security as the most salient family need and among Non-SAU teachers most salient/important family need was good interpersonal relationships. The most salient professional needs of SAU teachers was security and among Non-SAU teachers comfortable standard of living. Most of SAU and Non-SAU teachers had high professional and family need satisfaction and high level of family involvement (84.5-85.5%). More than three-fourth of the SAU (73.8%) and Non-SAU (70.0%) teachers received high level of social support, most of them also showed average levels in all the components and overall family environment. Both SAU and Non-SAU teachers considered security (permanent job, steady work) as most important job outcome. Majority of SAU (90.0%) and Non-SAU (87.3%) teachers revealed high job involvement. Job involvement of teachers did differ significantly by gender showing that male teachers (109.71) had higher job involvement compared to female teachers (103.10). Most of the SAU and Non-SAU teachers were in average to low levels of organizational stressors and moderate to high levels of organizational commitment. Family income, occupation, length of marriage, age of spouse, big five factors of personality, family and professional need satisfaction, family environment, family involvement, pay, job involvement, organizational stressors and organizational commitment were significantly correlated with work-family commitment of SAU teachers, whereas family income, family need satisfaction, family environment, number of working hours and organizational stressors were significant contributing factors of work-family commitment of Non-SAU teachers. Age, family involvement, family environment, pay emoluments, organizational stressors, and organizational commitment were significantly related to marital satisfaction of Non-SAU teachers. Self efficacy, professional and family need satisfaction, big five factors of personality, family involvement and environment, pay emoluments, job involvement, organizational stressors and commitment significantly correlated with marital satisfaction of SAU teachers. Age, cadre, self efficacy, professional and family need satisfaction, big-five factors of personality, job involvement, pay emoluments, work experience, organizational stressors, and organizational commitment were significant factors influencing job satisfaction of both SAU and Non-SAU teachers. Marital satisfaction was significantly and positively related to job satisfaction of both SAU and Non-SAU teachers, indicating as marital satisfaction increased the job satisfaction also increased. Job satisfaction showed positive and significant interrelation with work-family commitment of SAU teachers. Hence, increase in the marital and job satisfaction significantly increased the work-family commitment of SAU teachers only, and increase in marital satisfaction increased the job satisfaction of both SAU and Non-SAU teachers.ThesisItem Open Access Fine Mapping of Candidate Gene for Root Length for Adaptation to Drought, Inheritance and Validation of Gene Based Markers Linked to Aroma in Upland Rice (Oryza sativa L.)(UAS Dharwad, 2012) Prakash Irappa Gangashetti; P.M. SalimathAn investigation was carried out to fine map the candidate gene for root length qAZRL9 on chromosome 9 and its validation in local land races of rice; morphological and molecular characterization of local short grain aromatic genotypes, inheritance and validation of gene based markers linked to aroma. The qAZRL9 (RM242-RM201) was fine mapped to small genomic regions between RM24569-RM242 (0.13 Mbp) and RM5661-RM24579 (0.40 Mbp). The marker RM242 was found to be closely linked to increased root length in local land races of rice, thus can be effectively used in MAS and MABC programmes. Morphological characterization of 42 landraces revealed that, landrace Gandhasali was superior for test weight and grain yield per plant, Pusa suganda-4 was superior for grain yield per plant while, Kalanamak and Ambemohor were rich in Fe and Zn in grains. Genetic diversity analysis indicated that inter cluster distance was not consistent with the geographic distribution of land races. The land races belonging to diverse ecological regions were clustered together, whereas, land races of the same region were grouped into separate clusters. Grain yield per plant had maximum contribution towards the genetic divergence followed by grain length and plant height. Molecular characterization by SSR and InDel markers revealed presence of variation between basmati and short grain aromatic genotypes. Most of the basmati genotypes were grouped to one cluster while, all the local short grain aromatic genotypes were grouped into another cluster. These markers can be used for preventing adulteration of Indian basmati rice with other basmati rice. Study on inheritance pattern of aroma in three populations viz., the F2 of IR-64 × Ambemohor, F7 RILs of IR-38 × Jeerige sanna and BC2F2 of Kalinga III × Azucena NILs indicated that, aroma was controlled by single recessive gene. The validation of gene based markers linked to aroma has shown that BAD II had maximum phenotypic variation; hence can be used for MAS programmes for selecting aromatic genotypes in segregating populations.