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University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad
The University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad was established on October 1, 1986.
The University has 5 Colleges, 27 Research Stations, 6 Agriculture Extension Education Centers, 6 Krishi Vigyan Kendras and ATIC. The University has its jurisdiction over 7 districts namely Bagalkot, Belgaum, Bijapur, Dharwad, Gadag, Haveri, and Uttar Kannada in northern Karnataka. Greater diversity exists in soil types, climate, topography cropping and farming situations. The jurisdiction includes dry-farming to heavy rainfall and irrigated area. Important crops of the region include sorghum, cotton, rice, pulses, chilli, sugarcane, groundnut, sunflower, wheat, safflower etc. The region is also known for many horticultural crops.
Considerable progress has been registered in the field of education, research and extension from this University.
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ThesisItem Open Access SILK SAREES OF MOLAKALMURU(University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad, 2000) Sannapapamma, K J; Mahale, GeetaThe present investigation entitled "Silk sarees of Molakalmuru" has been conducted during the year 2000 in Molakalmuru city of Chitradurga district with th e objectives, to study the historical background of Molakalmuru sarees, to enumerate the existing weaving technology and to assess the economic viability of different types of Molakalmuru sarees. The sample comprised of 120 independent weavers and interviewed personally. The results revealed tha t nearly one third of the respondent had education upto higher secondary. Majorit}^ of them were belonged to middle income group. Weavers purchased raw materials from Bangalore, Rayadurga a n d local dealers. Weavers always faced problem of hike in price, inferior quality of filature and charaka silk, untimely supply and scarcity of zari. Geometrical, temple and intricate designs mango buttas, peacock, parrot, hamsa, lotus, diamond, ru drakshi beads, deepa, banaras, venki and phenoix were the common motifs used in Molakalmuru sarees. More than ninety per cent of the weavers used acid dyes to dyed the silk yarn. Molakalmuru silk sarees were of medium weight ranged from 650-950 gm. A saree of 5.5 to 6 mts consumed 400- 600 g of raw silk and about 150-360 gm of pure / tested zari and had a double sided border ranged from 2" to 10" and width of the saree was 48". Annual production of the sarees were 28,000. About ninety five per cent of the weavers faced problems of poor marketing system for their sarees. Majority of the weavers sold their sarees to the local markets, during special occasion. Selling price of Molakalmuru sarees were ranged from Rs.2200-4500.ThesisItem Open Access EFFECT OF EXTRAFOLIATION OF BOTANICALS ON QUALITY CHARACTERISTICS OF MULBERRY SILK(University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad, 1999) ANGADI, ARCHANA P; MAHALE, GEETAThe present investigation was conducted in the year 1998-99 in the department of Textiles & Clothing in collaboration with the department of sericulture at the University of Agricultural Sciences Dharwad. The research was done to exploit different weeds, to know the effect of these weeds on the quality parameters of the cocoon as well as raw silk yarn and also to know if there is any allergic effect of the raw silk produced out of extrapolation of Parthenium. The botanicals used for the experiment were Parthenium hysterophorus, Tridax procumbens & Lantana Camara. Due to the abundant availability of these weeds and also based on the earlier studies on these weeds it was decided to use these botanicals for the present investigation. The salient results of the research are: Among the cocoon parameters Parthenium showed better results for cocoon weight and shell weight whereas it was Tridax as far as shell ratio was considered. Among the silk filament parameters it was Tridax which gave better results for denier and average filament length but it was Parthenium for average nonbreakable filament length. For the silk yarn parameters Tridax gave best results for winding breaks, average size, size deviation, evenness and average neatness. Parthenium gave better results for average cleanness, tenacity and cohesion. Lantana gave good result for elongation. In all the parameters it was the treated group which gave best results than the control. As far as allergy test was considered, though all the thirty subjects irrespective of sex had sensitive skin, none of them showed any dermatologic hazards like rashes, redness, itching or burning. The raw silk produced out of extrapolation of Parthenium proved to be safe to manufacture the fabric.ThesisItem Open Access DYEING OF UAS SHEEP BREED WOOL WITH ACACIA CATECHU LEAVES(University of Agricultural Science, Dharwad, 2003) Avaradi, Rashmi D; Mahale, Geeta"The present study was carried out during the period 2002-03. The main objectives of the study were to optimize the dyeing conditions with Acacia catechu leaves, to ascertain the physical properties of UAS Sheep breed wool yarn dyed with Acacia catechu leaves and to assess the colourfastness of the dyed samples. UAS sheep breed wool was selected from Poultry, Sheep and Goat Farm, Main Research Station, University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad. The wool sample was cleaned, cdrded and spun into yarn at Wool Research Association, Thane, Mumbai. Later it was scoured and dyed with Acacia catechu leaves extract. The effect of scouring and dyeing on wool was determined by assessing the physical parameters of wool yarn before scouring and after scouring and dyeing. Colourfastness testes to washing, rubbing, sunlight and perspiration were carried out and assessed using grey scale and standard wool pattern. The results obtained were statistically analysed using completely randomized design and correlation test. Results revealed that 6 per cent dye concentration, 45 minutes dye extraction time, 45 minutes dyeing time and 15 minutes mordanting time were optimized at 540?. wavelength for dyeing wool with Acacia catechu leaves. Scouring enhanced the dye absorption rate. The strength, elongation and yarn count of scoured and dyed samples in acidic media were found to be decreased compared to the undyed samples. Colourfastness of all the dyed wool samples were ranged between good to excellent. Wool sample premordanted with 1 per cent ferrous sulphate exhibited excellent colourfastness in acidic media."ThesisItem Open Access NATURAL DVEING OF UAS SHEEP BREED WOOL VARN WITH FOUNTAIN FLOWERS (Spathodea companulata Lin.)(University of Agricultural Science, Dharwad, 2001) Mudgal, Shilpa S; Mahale, GeetaABSTRACT NOT AVAILABLEThesisItem Open Access EFFECT OF DYEING ON PHYSICAL PROPERTIES AND COLOUR FASTNESS OF UAS SHEEP BREED WOOL(University of Agricultural Science, Dharwad, 1999) Neelima, G Mahale,; Geeta"The present investigation was carried out during the period 1998-99. The main objectives of the study were, to determine the effectiveness of acid and reactive dyes on UAS sheep breed wool fibre and yam, to assess the physical parameters of UAS sheep breed wool sample before and after dyeing and to find out the colour fastness properties of the dyed sample for different parameters like sunlight, washing, perspiration, crocking and hot pressing. The triple cross bred UAS sheep breed wool was selected from Poultry, Sheep and Goat Department, Main Research Station, University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad. Wool sample collected was of mixed lot from two different shearing seasons namely Spring clip (March) and Autumn clip (September). The wool sample was cleaned, carded and spun into a yam with the help of Medleri charaka. Later it was scoured and dyed with acid and reactive dyes. The effect of scouring and dyeing on wool was found out by assessing the physical parameters of wool fibre and yam before scouring, after scouring and after dyeing. Colour fastness tests to washing, crocking, perspiration, hot pressing and sunlight were carried out ^and was assessed with the help of gray scale. The results obtained were statistically analysed using completely randomized design and correlation test. Results revealed that scouring had more adverse effect on wool than dyemg. Higher absorption was exhibited by acid dyes. Acid dyes were safer on wool than reactive dyes. They had least effect on the physical parameters of UAS sheep breed wool fibre and yam after dyeing. The colour fastness of acid and reactive dyes to washing was very good, to crocking was good, to perspiration was fair, to hot pressing was excellent and colour fastness to sunlight was found to be good."ThesisItem Open Access HANDLOOM COTTON TEXTILES OF DHARWAD DISTRICT(University of Agricultural Science, Dharwad, 2000) Shejwadkar, Sunita G; Mahale, Geeta"The present study was conducted in Dharwad district of Karnataka state during 2000 with the objectives to know the origin of different handloom cotton textiles, to identify prevailing weaving techniques, to workout economics of weaving and to study the marketing channels for handloom cotton textiles. The sample comprised of 120 weavers selected randomly from four villai^es of Dharwad district namely, Garag, Hebballi^ Hebasur and Uppin Betageri. The respondents were interviewed personally. The results levealed that about 75 per cent of the weavers were working in co-operative societies and 25 per cent of the weavers were working independently. Majorit}' of the weavers had education upto primary level and belonged to nuclear family having medium annual income. About 61.62 per cent of weavers selected weaving due to lack of job opportunities. All th( co-operative societies purchased raw material from KVIC and independent weavers purchased from local dealers. Majority of the independent weavers engaged in the production of chawali. Most of the independent weavers obtained their designs from elder people and two co-operative societies obtained their designs from KVIC. All the co-operative societies and independent weavers faced the problem of delay in transportation while procuring raw material and they sold their product in show room and outside state. Most of the independent weavers sold their goods in their own residence and doing door to door service. It was observed that all the three co-operative societies sold their product monthly. About 80.00 per cent of the independent weavers sold their product on market day. All the three co-operative societies sold their goods to wholesalers. None of them sold to middlemen."ThesisItem Open Access HANDWOVEN TUFTED CARPETS OF MUNDGOD(University of Agricultural Science, Dharwad, 2000) Bhat, Sandhya P; Mahale, Geeta"The present investigation was undertaken during the year 2000 in Tibtan settlement of Mundgod taluk of Uttar Kannada district with the objectives to study tlie origin of Tibetan carpets, to enumerate the technique of making tufted carpets, their special features and economic analysis of production of tufted carpets. The whole population was taken as sample i.e. 30 women, 15 each (Tibetans and Non-tibetans) were purposively selected, who employed in two carpet weaving centres run by Tibetan co-operative society. The respondents were interviewed personally. The results revealed that nearly eighty per cent of the Tibetan weavers belonged to middle age group. Majority of Tibetan weavers were belonged to high income group and Non-tibetan weavers belonged to low income group. Tibetan and Non-tibetan weavers derived their income from Agriculture. Both the co-operative societies purchased raw materials from producers on cash payment. Two co-operative societies produced carpets of different dimensions with animal, bird, floral and religioiis motifs having different colour combinations. Lack of publicity and advertisement was the major problem faced by the societies while merchandising the products. In the total cost of production, the contribution of variable cost was highest and net profits in hand woven tufted carpets were found to be very low."ThesisItem Open Access STUDIES ON THE EFFECT OF SCOURING, BLEACHING, MERCERIZATION AND CLEANSING AGENTS ON PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF NATURALLY COLOURED COTTON AND WHITE COTTON YARNS(University of Agricultural Science, Dharwad, 2002) Magadi, Renuka B; Naik, Shailaja D"The present investigation entitled ""Studies on the effect of scouring, bleaching, mercerization and cleansing agents on the physical properties of naturally coloured cotton and white cotton yams"" was carried out during 2001-02 at Dharwad. Three colour cotton genotypes namely Hirsutum Cream Cotton-1 (HCC-1), Hirsutum Colour Cotton-7 (HCC-7), Dharwad Brown Hirsutum-12 (DBH-12) and one white cotton Jayadhar were selected for the present study. The experiment carried out at yarn stage included treating the yams with scouring agents viz., soda ash (Si), a mild alkali and caustic soda (S2), a strong alkali. The Si and S2 scoured genotypes were separately bleached with two bleaching agents viz., hydrogen peroxide (Bi) and sodium hypochlorite (B2) and mercerized with strong caustic soda. The survey was conducted to collect information regarding various cleansing agents used for domestic laundering. Based on the survey results four cleansing agents viz.. Wheel cake, Rin Supreme cake. Wheel powder and Surf Excel detergent powders were selected. The Si and S2 scoured genotypes were washed upto ten washes. After scouring, bleaching, mercerization and fifth and tenth washings the genotypes were assessed for single yam strength and change in pigmentation using computer colour matching system under daylight, tungsten, tubelight-83 and tubelight-84 illuminations. There was increase in the single yarn strength among all the genot3'pes on scouring, but the colour genotypes showed better improvement when scoured with caustic soda. Scouring led to yellowing of white cotton. Remarkable increase in yarn strength was achieved on mercerization over control. Washing did not adversely affect the durability of the genotypes but infact enhanced the strength upto fifth wash. Hypochlorite bleaching did enhance the single yarn strength of all the genotypes where as hydrogen peroxide reduced the same. Scouring, mercerization and washings enhanced the pigmentation of colour genotypes. Bleaching drastically faded the pigment of colour cotton while Jayadhar regained the brightness on bleaching."ThesisItem Open Access SPECIAL FINISHES TO IMPROVE RESILIENCY AND HAND-FEEL OF THE NATURALLY COLOURED COHON KHADI FABRIC(University of Agricultural Science, Dharwad, 2005) Mulasavalagi, Sujata H; Naik, Shailaja D"The present investigation entitled ""Special finishes to improve resiliency and hand-feel of the naturally coloured cotton khadi fabric"" was carried out during 2003-05 at Dharwad. The naturally coloured cotton khadi fabric of brown variety DDCC-1, Gossypium arboreum was selected for the present study. This Khadi fabric was subjected for crease resistant, enzyme and softener finishes and the treated samples were then assessed for physical and functional properties. There was slight increase in yarn count, cloth count, thickness; and considerable increase in bending length as well as crease recovery angle, when fabric treated with crease resistant finish, because of cross-linking of cellulosic chains. The enzyme treated test samples showed increase in yarn count, cloth count and drapability where as other mechanical and functional properties remained almost unaltered. The cationic and silicone softeners during mechanical agitation removed the protruding staple fibres, thus making the yarn both softer and finer. Because of improvement in softness, there was positive impact of fabric properties like weight, thickness, bending path and crease recovery angle. Significant improvement in drapability and resistance to pilling was also noticed. However, cationic treated samples showed better results than the silicone softener."