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University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad
The University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad was established on October 1, 1986.
The University has 5 Colleges, 27 Research Stations, 6 Agriculture Extension Education Centers, 6 Krishi Vigyan Kendras and ATIC. The University has its jurisdiction over 7 districts namely Bagalkot, Belgaum, Bijapur, Dharwad, Gadag, Haveri, and Uttar Kannada in northern Karnataka. Greater diversity exists in soil types, climate, topography cropping and farming situations. The jurisdiction includes dry-farming to heavy rainfall and irrigated area. Important crops of the region include sorghum, cotton, rice, pulses, chilli, sugarcane, groundnut, sunflower, wheat, safflower etc. The region is also known for many horticultural crops.
Considerable progress has been registered in the field of education, research and extension from this University.
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ThesisItem Open Access Refinement of Existing Soil Test Based NPK Recommendation for Yield Maximization in Irrigated Maize(UAS, Dharwad, 2012) Sudhir Kumar Jitti; Manjunatha HebbaraA survey was conducted during May 2010 in maize growing area of zone-III to study the physico – chemical properties and nutrient status of surface soil samples. Soils were neutral to alkaline in reaction (PH: 7.60 to 8.50), and non saline (EC: 0.61 to 3.73 dS m-1), available nitrogen status was low (89.0 to 224.0 kg ha-1), available P2O5 was low to high (5.6 to 119.5 kg ha-1), but available K2O was medium to high (120.0 to 1470.0 kg ha-1). All the micronutrient cations were above critical limit except iron. A field experiment was also conducted during kharif 2010 on Vertisol to study the effect of different levels of fertilizer recommendation based on soil test values on yield of hybrid maize under irrigation in the farmer’s field at Savadatti village in Northern Dry Zone (Zone-III) of Karnataka representing predominantly low–high–high (LHH) fertility status with respect to N (171 kg ha-1), P2O5 (69.2 kg ha-1) and K2O (367 kg ha-1) respectively. The experiment consisted of six treatments with four replications having different levels of fertilizer recommendation based on soil test values. The STCR dose of NPK (327:166:201 N, P2O5 and K2O kg ha-1 respectively) recorded highest grain yield which was on par with modified RDF2 treatment that received 225:37.5:19 N, P2O5 and K2O kg ha-1 , respectively. The stover yield, weight of 100 grains, number of seeds per row, number of seed rows per cob, girth of cob and length of cob were maximum in STCR treatment and on par with modified RDF2. Highest B:C ratio (2.38) was recorded in the treatment having modified RDF2 (+50% N, -50% K2O and -25% P2O5 of RDF). The nutrient content in the index leaf (N, P, K, Zn, Fe, Mn, and Cu) was higher with STCR dose followed by modified RDF2 over rest of the treatments. The (grain + stover) uptake of N, P, K by maize plant and available of N, P2O5, K2O in soil were also higher under STCR dose followed by modified RDF2 over rest of the treatments.ThesisItem Open Access Influence of Boron and Molybdenum on Growth and Yield of Groundnut(UAS, Dharwad, 2012) Yallappa H. Ghanti; I.M. SarawadA field experiment was conducted to study the influence of boron and molybdenum on growth and yield of groundnut crop in farmer’s field which are deficient in boron (0.46 mg kg-1) and molybdenum (0.24 mg kg-1) at Neeralkatti village of Dharwad district. There were 11 treatments in different combinations of boron and molybdenum applied to soil and through foliar spray. The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete black design with three replications. Results indicated that, growth and yield components of increased significantly due to combined application of boron and molybdenum (Borax @2.5 kg ha-1 + sodium molybdate @1.5 kg ha-1+ borax foliar spray @ 0.2% + sodium molybdate foliar spray @ 0.05%) over rest of the treatments. The increase in groundnut pod yield due to this treatment was 29.05% compared to control. The increase in pod yield of groundnut was attributed to increases in growth and yield parameters and nutrient absorption, as a consequence of combined supply of boron and molybdenum which is essential for enhancing N2- fixation. The cost benefit ratio (3.55) of the treatment receiving borax @ 2.5 kg ha-1+ sodium molybdate @ 1.5 kg ha-1+ borax foliar spray @ 0.2% + sodium molybdate foliar spray @ 0.05% suggested that groundnut yield can be increased by combined application of boron and molybdenum as both soil and foliar spray. The boron and molybdenum concentration and uptake was significantly enhanced due to combined application (soil and foliar) of boron and molybdenum. Boron and molybdenum status of soil after harvest the crop were 0.512 and 0.270 mg kg-1 respectively.ThesisItem Open Access Effect of Foliar Feeding of 19 : 19 : 19 and Potassium Nitrate (KNO3) Water Soluble Fertilizers on Yield and Quality of Byadgi Chillies in a Vertisol(UAS, Dharwad, 2012) Somimol P.V.; B.I. BidariA field experiment was conducted during kharif 2011-12 in the farmer’s field at Agadi village (Taluk: Hubli) in Dharwad district to investigate the “Effect of concentrations and time of foliar spray of 19:19:19 and KNO3 water soluble fertilizers on yield and quality of Byadgi chillies in a Vertisol ”.Experiment consisted of 13 treatments and three replications. Results showed that foliar spray of one per cent 19:19:19 water soluble fertilizer at 60 and 90 DAT recorded highest fruit yield (10.19 q ha-1) closely followed by treatment that received one spray of 19:19:19 (1%) at 90 DAT (9.33q ha-1) and two sprays of one per cent KNO3( 9.24 q ha-1). Foliar spray of one per cent KNO3 at 60 and 90 DAT recorded significantly highest colour value (264.93 ASTA units) and the treatment (T13) that received two sprays of 19:19:19 fertilizer (1%) recorded highest capsaicin (0.14%) which was on par with treatments T7 and T12. Highest oleoresin (18.32%) was recorded in treatment (T7) which was on par with treatments T6 (17.03%) and T13 (16.83%). Highest nitrogen (2.30%) and phosphorus contents (0.41%) in chilli fruits was recorded in treatment T13, while highest potassium (3.81%) was recorded in treatment T7. Nitrogen content of red fruit bears significant positive relationship with capsaicin(r= 0.99**) while potassium content bears significant positive relationship with colour value(r=0.95**) and oleoresin content(r=0.88**). The B:C ratio was highest (2.68) in treatment T7, closely followed by T13. Foliar application of water soluble fertilizers at both concentrations (0.5 and 1%) significantly increased the uptake of major nutrients as well as sulphur. Available nitrogen and phosphorus contents in soil at harvest were not much influenced by concentrations as well as time of foliar spray of 19:19:19 and KNO3, but available K content in soil was significantly reduced due to foliar spray of both fertilizers.ThesisItem Open Access Identification of Soil Fertility Constraints and Response of Sorghum to Varying Doses of Nutrients Based on Soil Test in a Selected Micro - Watershed in Northern Transition Zone of Karnataka(UAS, Dharwad, 2012) Yogananda Gowda M.C.; G.S. DasogSurface soil samples (0-20 cm) on grid points of ten seconds interval were collected from the Neeralakatti micro-watershed near Dharwad for the assessment of soil fertility status. The samples were analyzed for pH, electrical conductivity, organic carbon, available nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, sulphur, calcium, magnesium, zinc, iron, copper, manganese and boron following standard procedures. Soil fertility maps were prepared for each of the nutrients using GIS technique. Major portion of micro-watershed was low (83%) in available nitrogen, high in available potassium (61%) and medium (72%) in available sulphur. Available phosphorus was low in 39% and medium in 45% of watershed area. Nearly half of the micro-watershed was deficient in available zinc (52%) and boron (56%). The entire micro-watershed was found to be sufficient in available iron, copper and manganese. A field experiment was conducted at Neeralakatti village, Dharwad to study the response of sorghum to varying doses of nutrients based on soil test. The results revealed that application of 150% RD N and P2O5 + 50% RD K2O + 10 kg Zn + 0.4 kg B (150: 112.5: 12.5: 10: 0.4::N: P2O5: K2O: Zn: B kg/ha) (T8) recorded significantly higher grain and straw yield of 63.17 and 155.92 q/ha, respectively, compared to 42.37, 123.75 q/ha in RDF (100:75:25::N: P2O5: K2O kg/ha) and 44.82, 130.17 q/ha in T2-RDF modified as per soil test (112.5: 87.5: 25::N: P2O5: K2O kg/ha), respectively. T8 recorded significantly higher number of leaves (10.5), dry matter yield (243.65 q/ha) and ear length (30.08 cm), compared to T1 (9.7, 194.54 q/ha and 26.93 cm respectively) and T2 (9.8, 202.34 q/ha and 27.32 cm, respectively). Net return was highest in T8 (` 76,166) compared to T1 (` 46,674) and T2 (` 52,192). The B:C ratio was also highest in T8 (3.80) compared to T1 (2.97) and T2 (3.07).ThesisItem Open Access Soil Test Based Nutrient Dose Refinement in Chilli(UAS, Dharwad, 2012) Irappa N. Nagaral; V.B. KuligodSoil fertility survey in the chilli growing areas of Zone-VIII was carried out during May-June 2011 by collecting 57 surface soil samples. The soil pH was neutral to slightly alkaline (6.1-9.5), EC was non-saline (0.09-1.43 dS m-1), available nitrogen status was low to medium (112-672 kg ha-1), phosphorus was medium in status (15.6- 68 kg ha-1) and available potassium was high (168- 576 kg ha-1). All the micronutrients remained sufficient in surveyed fields except iron. Based on soil fertility survey a field experiment was conducted during kharif 2011 at a farmer’s field in Koliwad (Hubli taluk) village in Northern transitional Zone (Zone - VIII). The treatments consisted of refined fertilizer doses based on soil fertility test results. The experimental field in Koliwad village is located between 150 21' N latitude and 750 24' E longitude and at an altitude of 629 m above mean sea level (MSL). Among the treatments, STCR dose of NPK, proved to be superior with respect to growth parameters i.e. plant height (84.5 and 95.4cm), number of branches (24.6 and 30.2) and dry matter accumulation (84.4 and 120.7g plant-1) at both 60 DAT and harvesting stage. It was followed by soil test based N and K ± 50 per cent and P + 25 per cent. Yield attributes i.e., number of fruits per plant (65), fruit length (13.8cm) and fruit yield (1257 kg ha-1) were the highest in STCR dose of NPK, which however, was on par with soil test based N and K ± 50 per cent and P + 25 per cent. Both these treatments were superior over rest of the treatments. The STCR dose of NPK followed by soil test based N and K ± 50 per cent and P + 25 per cent recorded higher uptake of nutrients as compared to other treatments. Soil available major nutrients were also influenced by soil test based fertilizer dose application. Higher availability of N, P2O5 and K2O were recorded in STCR dose of NPK as compared to rest of treatments. However, S, Zn, Fe, Mn and Cu availability were not influenced. The highest dehydrogenase and phosphatase activity was observed in the PSB treated plot. However, modified dose of fertilizers application did not influence the soil enzyme activity. The gross return, net return and B:C ratio were higher in STCR dose of NPK treatment followed by soil test based N and K ± 50 per cent and P + 25 per cent over rest of the treatments. The RDF and STL were significantly inferior to both in STCR dose of NPK and STL dose of NPK.ThesisItem Open Access Studies on Organophophorus Pesticide Residues in Paddy Ecosystem and Evaluation of Zn and Fe Content in Paddy Grains and Soils of Gangavati Taluka in North Karnataka(UAS Dharwad, 2012) Selvaraj S.; N.S. HebsurThe present studies were carried out to evaluate the organophosphorus pesticide residues in soil, water and plant samples of paddy eco-system. The soil, water and paddy grain samples were collected from five farmers' fields from each village in a cluster of twelve villages and analyzed for organophosphorus residues viz., chlorpyriphos, quinalphos, monocrotophos and dichlorvos. The soils were also analysed for different fractions of zinc and iron and their contents in paddy grains. The soils were neutral to strongly alkaline in reaction, non-saline, low to high in organic carbon status with enough calcium carbonate. The analytical results indicated that chlorpyriphos was the only chemical detected in grains. In soils, chlorpyriphos was below detection limit and chemicals such as quinalphos, monocrotophos and dichlorvos were not detected. In water samples also, the concentration of these chemicals were below detection limit. The fractionation studies indicated that the order of zinc fractions in soils were: Water soluble + exchangeable Zn < Amorphous bound Zn < Manganese oxide bound Zn < Organically bound Zn < Sesquioxide bound Zn < Residual Zn < Total Zn. And dominant iron fractions were: Water soluble Fe < Exchangeable Fe < Residual Fe < Crystalline bound Fe < Amorphous iron oxide bound Fe < Total Fe. Zinc content in paddy grains varied from 12.17 ppm in Basapatna sample to 37.43 ppm in Karatagi sample with mean value of 21.39 ppm. Iron content ranged from 86.41 ppm in Sangapura sample to 213.31 ppm in Karatagi sample with mean value of 115.49 ppm. In conclusion, chlorpyriphos chemical residue was only in organophosphorus pesticide quantified in grain samples (0.01 ppm MRL) in paddy ecosystem of Gangavati taluka.