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University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad
The University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad was established on October 1, 1986.
The University has 5 Colleges, 27 Research Stations, 6 Agriculture Extension Education Centers, 6 Krishi Vigyan Kendras and ATIC. The University has its jurisdiction over 7 districts namely Bagalkot, Belgaum, Bijapur, Dharwad, Gadag, Haveri, and Uttar Kannada in northern Karnataka. Greater diversity exists in soil types, climate, topography cropping and farming situations. The jurisdiction includes dry-farming to heavy rainfall and irrigated area. Important crops of the region include sorghum, cotton, rice, pulses, chilli, sugarcane, groundnut, sunflower, wheat, safflower etc. The region is also known for many horticultural crops.
Considerable progress has been registered in the field of education, research and extension from this University.
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ThesisItem Open Access Genetic Investigations on Resistance to Dry Root Rot (Rhizoctonia bataticola) and Yield in Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)(University of Agricultural Science, Dharwad, 2016-07) Desai, Priya B.; PATIL, B.S.Chickpea is the second most important pulse crop in the world. The low and unstable productivity of the crop is attributed to the narrow genetic base making it vulnerable to biotic stresses. Dry root rot of chickpea is emerging as a serious threat to chickpea production and gaining importance in the changing climatic scenario. The objective of the present study was to assess genetic variability for yield and yield related traits, screening genotypes for dry root rot and identification of putative molecular markers for dry root rot resistance. The genetic variability study was conducted for two seasons. In both the seasons high variability was observed for biomass per plant, number of pods per plant and number of seeds per plant with medium to high heritability and also has significant positive correlation with yield. These traits could be used as selection indices for yield improvement. Fifty five chickpea genotypes were screened for resistance to dry root rot in sick-pots in three replications. Number of days taken to wilting was recorded. Significant difference was observed among the genotypes for number of days taken to wilting, which may be attributed to polygenic nature of the trait. The genotypes; K 850, KAK 2, H 208, BG 14-4, BG 12-119 and ICC 14395 were identified as resistant to dry root rot in present study. Based on previous studies, genotypes with differential response to dry root rot were subjected for molecular analysis employing 32 SSR and 13 RAPD markers. Lowest genetic similarity was observed between dry root rot resistant (ICC 14395) and susceptible (A1) genotypes. Two SSR (GSSR106 and TR19) and two RAPD (A05 and A18) markers showed distinct polymorphism between dry root rot resistant and five susceptible genotypes. These markers could be employed to investigate possible linkage with dry root rot resistance.ThesisItem Open Access Genetic Analysis of Grain Quality and Yield Traits in Speciality Genotypes of Rabi Sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench](University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad, 2016-07) Radhamma. S; Sajjanar, G.M.Genetics of the grain quality and yield traits in speciality genotypes of rabi sorghum was studied using six generations (P1, P2, F1, F2, BC1P1 and BC1P2) of two crosses M 35-1 × KMJ-1 (pop-sorghum) and M 35-1 × RSJ-1 (hurda purpose), and four generations (P1, P2, F1 and F2) of two crosses M 35-1 × AKJ-1 (flaking purpose) and M 35-1 × SMJ-1 (hurda purpose) that were evaluated during Rabi 2015 at RARS, Vijayapur. Inheritance of grain quality traits was studied in F2 populations. Seed size in crosses M 35-1 x KMJ-1 and M 35-1 x SMJ-1 is under the control of two genes with polymeric gene interaction; seed colour in M 35-1 x AKJ-1 and M 35-1 x SMJ-1 by two genes with dominant epistasis and duplicate dominant epistasis, respectively; seed shape in M 35-1 x KMJ-1 and M 35-1 x AKJ-1, two genes with dominant duplicate epistatic gene interaction; shrunken seed shape in M 35-1 x SMJ-1 was due to recessive gene action and xenia effect was observed. Generation mean analysis revealed that in M 35-1 × KMJ-1 non-additive gene action attributed to days to 50% flowering, panicle length, grain yield per plant, additive gene action for 100 seed weight, fodder yield, popping yield and flake size, over dominance gene action for panicle weight and epistatic gene action for expansion ratio. In M 35-1 × RSJ-1, non-additive gene action played predominant role in governing days to 50% flowering, panicle length, panicle breadth and 100 seed weight, additive for fodder yield per plant and additive × dominance gene interactions for panicle weight and grain yield per plant. The estimates, genetic components and correlations were obtained. AKJ-1 recorded highest polyphenol content and low amylose : amylopectin ratio, SMJ-1 with highest sugar content (roasted and matured seeds) compared to M 35-1.ThesisItem Open Access Studies on Target Genotype Based on Different Selfed and Backcross Derived Generations in Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.)(University of Agricultural Science, Dharwad, 2016-06) Tigga, Aman; Patil, S.S.Concept of target genotype addresses distribution of favourable alleles between parents and present study aimed at determining target genotype, extent of heterosis and type of gene action involving nine generations (P1, P2, F1, F2, B1, B2, F3, B1F2, B2F2) in two crosses (DSMR10 x DRCR4 and DRGR2572 x M5) for yield and other quantitative traits in Gossypium hirsutum during kharif 2015. Target genotype concept was applied to determine the distribution of desirable alleles of a quantitative character between the two parents by comparing B1, F2 and B2. In cross DSMR10 X DRCR4, B1 population while in cross DRGR2572 X M5, B2 population revealed higher seed cotton yield followed by F2 and B2. In cross DSMR10 X DRCR4, B1 population was most productive. Superior of a backcross population over F2 indicates that distribution of desirable alleles between parents is not equal. The results clearly indicate that practicing selection for yield should be in B1 derived segregating generations of DSMR10 X DRCR4 and in B2 derived segregating generations of DRGR2572 X M5. Similar trend of inference on target genotype was observed for number of boll, boll weight, lint index, ginning outturn in cross DSMR10 X DRCR4. In cross DRGR2572 X M5, yield related traits like number of bolls, lint index, number of reproductive points showed similar trend of performance. Heterosis in F1 and inbreeding depression in F2 were significant in both the crosses for most of the characters. Generation mean analysis was done by deducing six equations based on nine generations and the six genetic effects m, d, h, i, j and l were significant for most of the traits. Duplicate epistasis was observed for almost all the characters studied in both the crosses.ThesisItem Open Access Genetic Investigations on Spot Blotch [Bipolaris sorokiniana (Sacc.) Shoem] Disease Resistance in Tetraploid Wheat(University of Agricultural Science, Dharwad, 2016-06) Patel, Bhumika N.; Desai, S.A.Spot blotch disease of wheat has become an emerging serious concern in the warm humid regions. The resistance to spot blotch in tetraploid wheat is not well documented. Hence, in the present investigation the variabiltity was studied in the segregating populations viz., F2, F3, BCP1F2 and BCP2F2 of two durum wheat crosses viz., Bijaga Yellow x NIDW 295 and Bijaga Yellow x HI8663 at AICRP on wheat, Main Agricultural Research Station, UAS, Dharwad during rabi 2015-2016. Analysis of variance for various segregating populations revealed the significant difference for all the traits. The variability in terms of GCV and PCV was high for yield and AUDPC in F2 population of both the crosses. The combining ability for yield and spot blotch disease resistance was studied in the 21 cross combinations during rabi 2015-2016 generated by crossing the selected spot blotch resistant and susceptible parents in half diallel fashion during.ThesisItem Open Access Heterosis and Combining Ability for Yield and Oil Quality Traits Using New Restorers Lines in Sunflower (Helianthus Annuus L.)(University of Agricultural Science, Dharwad, 2016-06) Harsha M.A; Sridevi, O.To assess heterosis, combining ability, oil quality and association of yield and oil quality traits a study was conducted using new restorer lines derived from interspecific derivative of TX 16R genotype. Three CMS and 12 new restorer lines were crossed in L x T design during summer 2015. Total of 15 parents and 36 hybrids along with three check hybrids were evaluated in RCBD with two replications at College of Agriculture, Vijayapura during kharif 2015. Of all 12 new inbreeds tested, complete fertility was restored by DSR-122, DSR-130, DSR-134 on (4546 A x NDOL 2) and by DSR-121, DSR-122, DSR-136 on (CMS-234 A x DSF 2). While, on (4546 A x NDOL 3) complete fertility restoration was observed with DSR-121. Parents DSR-121, DSR-134, (CMS-234 A x DSF 2) and DSR-122 were identified as good general combiners for seed yield and oil quality traits respectively. Seed yield was observed to have a strong relationship with head diameter, seed yield per plant. In quality traits, O/L ratio was positively associated with oleic acid and oil yield is not negatively linked with oleic acid. The path analysis indicated that seed yield per plant, oil yield exhibited direct positive effect on seed yield per ha. Higher magnitude of average heterosis was observed for seed yield per ha (47.67%). The hybrid (4546A x NDOL 2) x DSR-134) recorded maximum standard heterosis (75.97%) for seed yield (kg/ha) along with oil content of 35.49 %. SCA variances was higher for all characters except for days to head diameter, test weight and oil content indicating predominance of non-additive gene action prevailing for traits. The hybrid (4546 A x NDOL 2) x DSR-122) recorded highest oleic acid content (59.12%) with the seed yield of 11.42 Q/ha and found superior over KBSH-1 (oleic acid 31.35% and 9.10 Q/ha). And the hybrid (4546A x NDOL 2) x DSR-134) recorded 15.56 quintals of seed yield per hectare which was on par with DSFH-3 (15.23 Q/ha).ThesisItem Open Access Genetic Diversity Analysis for Drought Tolerance and Productivity Traits Among Advanced Lines of Rabi Sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench](University of Agricultural Science, Dharwad, 2016-06) Talawar, Mallikarjun Y.; Sajjanar, G.M.The study was conducted to assess the magnitude of genetic diversity and variability for drought tolerance and productivity traits among sorghum genotypes involving 100 advanced lines and 20 checks, that were evaluated in a RBD design during Rabi 2015-16 at Regional Agricultural Research Station, Vijayapura. D2 analysis grouped the 120 genotypes into 10 clusters. Among 10 clusters, cluster I was the largest with 69 lines, followed by cluster III (22 lines), cluster II (14), cluster V (7), cluster VII (3). Remaining clusters, viz., IV, VI, VIII, IX and X were solitary in nature. The inter cluster distance varied from 5.73 to 19.79 (between VI and VII). Based on the overall scores across the clusters, highest ranking was recorded by cluster IV (rank 1) followed by X (rank 2), III (rank 3), VI (rank 4) and I (rank 5). The genotypes of the clusters can be extensively used for further breeding programme. Genetic diversity study indicated that among various characters studied, the maximum contribution towards divergence were recorded by leaf glossiness (48.32%) and lodging (32.69%) followed by days to 50% flowering (3.78%), panicle length (2.72%), charcoal rot (2.49%), number of primaries per plant (1.61%) and SPAD at physiological maturity (1.11%). Under normal date of sowing, the high yielding entries that were also recorded superiority for drought tolerance parameters were DDSV54, PVCSG-3, PVBRJ-2, PVPK-1. The early entries CRCG-11 and CRSG-12 were recorded with reduced charcoal rot (%). The genotypes which showed high values for drought tolerance parameters under delayed sowing were DDSV54, SPV 2217, PRCSV-1 and DSPV5-1, P. Anuradha, PRBRJ-2 and PRBRJ-4. High or moderately high heritability and high genetic advance estimates were observed for traits leaf glossiness, lodging (%), charcoal rot (%), grain yield per plant and grain number per plant under both normal and delayed date of sowing.ThesisItem Open Access Genetics of Iron Abosption Efficiency and Validating Putating Marker in Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.)(University of Agricultural Science, Dharwad, 2016-06) Prakyath Kumar K.V.; Wali, M.C.Iron chlorosis is most commonly seen in areas of groundnut cultivation particularly calcareous, alkaline and black soils, resulting in reduction of yield. Efficient breeding for any stresses requires genetic information, especially, the number of genes involved. In order to known the genetic behaviour of iron deficiency chlorosis (IDC) in groundnut, resistance to IDC was studied in four different crosses involving IDC susceptible female parents (G-2-52, Dh-86, GPBD 5 and TAG 24) and resistant male parent (ICGV 86031), under iron deficient calcareous soils. Based on the IDC response in F3 generation, three crosses segregated in 15:1 (resistant: susceptible) ratio indicating two duplicate dominant genes governing the resistance to IDC in groundnut. While, one cross (G- 2- 52 x ICGV 86031) deviated from the expected ratio of 15:1. Assessment of groundnut mini core collection consisting of 184 accessions + 4 (controls) and 8 checks, showed that only five genotypes viz., ICG # 5051, 6667, 6766, 10890 and 11651 were resistant to IDC with significantly lower visual chlorotic rating (VCR) scores and higher SCMR values at severe stage (90 days). Genotypic analysis of mini core germplasm with four SSR markers revealed that they are specific to single cross and not validated in the divers groundnut mini core germplasm. Among 318 recombinant inbred lines (RIL) of the cross TAG 24 x ICGV 86031 studied based on VCR and SCMR, 185 RILs were found resistant. Based on both IAE and productivity parameters fourteen best RILs were selected and RIL # C3- 140 had on par pod yield with resistant parent ICGV 86031, which could be evaluated for stability of performance over locations.ThesisItem Unknown Combining Ability and Heterosis for Yield and Yield Components Using Diverse Restorer Lines in Pearl Millet (Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br.)(University of Agricultural Science, Dharwad, 2016-06) Salagarkar, Sumit; Wali, M.C.The line × tester analysis involving 45 hybrids, 14 parents and three commercial checks (GHB-558, 86 M 52 and Kaveri Boss) were used to assess the magnitude of heterosis and combining ability with respect of grain yield and its components in pearl millet was studied during kharif 2015 at Regional Agricultural Research Station, Vijayapur. Hybrids showed significant differences for majority of the characters studied indicating that parents selected were genetically diverse. Significant desirable heterosis was observed over mid parent, better parent and checks in many crosses for most of the characters studied. Among 45 hybrids, hybrid ICMA 81A x A5RLT 107 showed highest significant mid parent, better parent and standard heterosis over check GHB-558 for grain yield. While, the hybrids ICMA 96666 x A5RLT 114, ICMA 81A x A5RLT 107, ICMA 88004 x A5RLT 107 and ICMA 81A x A5RLT 119 exhibited highly significant positive heterosis over the check, GHB-558 for fodder yield. The analysis of variance for combining ability indicated that, mean sum of squares due to female × male interactions were highly significant for all the characters except for productive tillers. The SCA variance was higher than GCA variance and their ratio was less than unity, indicating predominance of dominance variance. The parent ICMA-81A among females and A5RLT 114 among males were the good general combiners for grain yield and its major contributing traits. Whereas, ICMA-88004 and ICMA-81A among females and A5RLT-119 among males were good general combiners for fodder yield. The cross ICMA 96666 x A5RLT 114 registered maximum sca effect for fodder yield. The cross ICMA 81A x A5RLT 107 registered maximum sca effect for grain yield. The parents showing high gca may be extensively used in the crossing programme to create new genetic variability in future years.ThesisItem Unknown Introgression of Slow Rusting Genes lr34 and lr68 in BREAD WHEAT (Triticum aestivum L.) Through Marker Assisted Selection(University of Agricultural Science, Dharwad, 2016-06) Ashutosh Kumar; Desai, S.A.Present investigation was aimed to introgress slow leaf rust resistance genes, Lr34 and Lr68 into an elite, moderately susceptible bread wheat cultivar GW 322 through marker assisted selection and to identify superior segregants for yield and yield attributing traits as well as leaf rust resistance. The materials comprised of 180 lines of different segregating populations of the cross GW 322 X PARULA viz., BC1F2, BC1F3, F4, BC2F2, BC3F2, BC3F1 and BC4F1. High GCV and PCV values coupled with high heritability and high genetic advance over mean recorded for the traits such as productive tillers per plant and grain yield per plant. The highest per cent transgressive segregants were found in BC1F3 population for productive tiller per plant, thousand grain weight, grain yield per plant and Area Under Disease Progress Curve (AUDPC). Selection based on these traits in advanced generation will be effective. In BC2F4 population maximum number of plants were confirmed for presence of both Lr34 and Lr68 genes. The least AUDPC value was observed in plants having both Lr34 and Lr68 genes. 11 plants recorded D type leaf tip necrosis (LTN) associated with low AUDPC. Plants having Lr34 alone resulted in 14.98 per cent reduction in yield, while 16.36 per cent in presence of Lr68. On the contrary in presence of both Lr68 and Lr34 it was only 13.27 per cent, while highest reduction in yield was observed in the absence of both genes (32.25 %). The plants with both the genes in combination and superior in performance are the potential donar lines for further development of varieties for durable leaf rust. Marker assisted selection deduced that line no. 281-25 (F5) and 7-40-81 (BC2F4) were homozygous for both Lr34 and Lr68 genes. These homozygous lines will be evaluated further for durable resistance along with yield attributing traits under multilocation trials.
